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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polypinocarveol. (1964)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 9 (1964), S. 389-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je60022a028
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Species differences in the immunophenotype of osteoclasts and mononuclear phagocytes (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 427-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoclast ; Macrophage ; Monocyte ; Monoclonal antibody
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Human osteoclasts, in contrast to mononuclear phagocytes, are known to express a well-defined restricted range of myeloid antigens. To determine whether these antigenic differences are present in other species, we examined the immunophenotype of chicken and rabbit ostoeclasts, macrophages, macrophage polykaryons, and monocytes and compared them with similarly derived and cultured human cells. Human, rabbit, and avian osteoclasts reacted with monoclonal antibodies against human β1 integrins (CD29, CD49b, CD49d), β3 integrins (CD51, CD61), as well as human macrophage-associated antigen CD68. Avian osteoclasts also reacted for CD11a/18 and CD14 which are not present on human osteoclasts. Avian and mammalian monocytes, macrophages, and macrophage polykaryons expressed all the above antigens. Both avian and human macrophage polykaryons produced by culture of peritoneal macrophages reacted with anti-CD51 antibodies indicating that expression of the vitronectin receptor alone does not distinguish between these cells in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296773
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EDI electron time-of-flight measurements on Equator-S (1999)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 17 (1999), S. 1513-1520 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Magnetospheric physics (electric fields ; plasma convection ; instruments and techniques)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present the first electron time-of-flight measurements obtained with the Electron Drift Instrument (EDI) on Equator-S. These measurements are made possible by amplitude-modulation and coding of the emitted electron beams and correlation with the signal from the returning electrons. The purpose of the time-of-flight measurements is twofold. First, they provide the drift velocity, and thus the electric field, when the distance the electrons drift in a gyro period becomes sufficiently large. Second, they provide the gyro time of the electrons emitted by the instrument, and thus the magnitude of the ambient magnetic field, allowing in-flight calibration of the flux-gate magnetometer with high precision. Results of both applications are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-1513-3
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EDI convection measurements at 5–6 RE in the post-midnight region (1999)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 17 (1999), S. 1503-1512 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Magnetospheric physics (electric fields ; plasma convection ; instruments and techniques)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present the first triangulation measurements of electric fields with the electron drift instrument (EDI) on Equator-S. We show results from five high-data-rate passes of the satellite through the near-midnight equatorial region, at geocentric distances of approximately 5–6 RE, during geomagnetically quiet conditions. In a co-rotating frame of reference, the measured electric fields have magnitudes of a few tenths of mV/m, with the E × B drift generally directed sunward but with large variations. Temporal variations of the electric field on time scales of several seconds to minutes are large compared to the average magnitude. Comparisons of the “DC” baseline of the EDI-measured electric fields with the mapped Weimer ionospheric model and the Rowland and Wygant CRRES measurements yield reasonable agreement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-1503-5
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory and Stimulatory Effects of Prostaglandins on Osteoclast Differentiation (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 63 -70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteoclast — Differentiation — Bone resorption — Prostaglandins.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The effect of prostaglandins (PGs) on osteoclast differentiation, an important point of control for bone resorption, is poorly understood. After an initial differentiation phase that lasts at least 4 days, murine monocytes, cocultured with UMR106 osteoblastic cells (in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) give rise to tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive osteoclast-like cells that are capable of lacunar bone resorption. PGE2 strongly inhibits TRAP expression and bone resorption in these cocultures. To examine further the cellular mechanisms associated with this inhibitory effect, we added PGE2 to monocyte/UMR106 cocultures at specific times before, during, and after this initial 4-day differentiation period. To determine whether this PGE2 inhibition was dependent on the type of stromal cell supporting osteoclast differentiation, we also added PGE2 to cocultures of monocytes with ST2 preadipocytic cells. Inhibition of bone resorption was greatly reduced when the addition of PGE2 to monocyte/UMR106 cocultures was delayed until the fourth day of incubation; when delayed until the seventh day, inhibition did not occur. PGE2 inhibition of bone resorption was concentration-dependent and at 10−6 M was also mediated by PGE1 and PGF2α. In contrast to its effects on monocyte/UMR106 cocultures, PGE2 stimulated bone resorption in monocyte/ST2 cocultures. Both ST2 cells and UMR106 cells were shown to express functional receptors for PGE2. These results show that PGs strongly influence the differentiation of osteoclast precursors and that this effect is dependent not only on the type and dose of PG administered, but also on the nature of the bone-derived stromal cell supporting this process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900187
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human Osteoclast Formation from Blood Monocytes, Peritoneal Macrophages, and Bone Marrow Cells (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 62 (1998), S. 527-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteoclast — Monocyte — Macrophage — Differentiation — Bone Resorption.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Mononuclear precursors of the human osteoclast have been identified in both bone marrow and the circulation in man, but osteoclast membership of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) and its precise cellular ontogeny remain controversial. We isolated human hematopoietic marrow cells, blood monocytes, and peritoneal macrophages and incubated each of these cell populations with UMR106 osteoblast-like cells on glass coverslips and dentine slices in both the presence and absence of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), and dexamethasone. Cells isolated from peripheral blood and peritoneal dialysis fluid were positive only for monocyte/macrophage markers (CD11a, CD11b, CD14, and HLA-DR) and negative for osteoclast markers [tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), vitronectin reception (VNR), and calcitonin (CT) receptors and did not form resorption pits on dentine slices after 24 hours in culture. Similarly marrow cells did not form resorption pits on dentine slices after 24 hours in culture. However, after 14 days in co-culture with UMR106 cells, in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3 and M-CSF, numerous TRAP, CT receptor, and VNR-positive multinucleated cells capable of extensive lacunar resorption were formed in co-cultures of all these preparations. The presence of 1,25 (OH)2D3, M-CSF, and UMR106 were absolute requirements for osteoclast differentiation. It is concluded that precursor cells capable of osteoclast differentiation are present in the marrow compartment, the monocyte fraction of peripheral blood, and in the macrophage compartment of extraskeletal tissues and that these cells are capable of differentiating into mature functional osteoclasts. These findings argue in favor of osteoclast membership of the human MPS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900473
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extracellular matrix receptor and platelet antigens on osteoclasts and foreign body giant cells (1991)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 96 (1991), S. 169-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Osteoclasts (OCs) and other cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system possess receptors for adhesive proteins present in the extracellular matrix. The antigenic phenotype of OCs and foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) was investigated for the presence of several integrin molecules and other largely platelet-associated antigens involved in cell adhesion reactions. Both OCs and FBGCs expressed the α-chains of the vitronectin receptor (CD51) and of the VLA-2 (CDw49b) and VLA-4 (CDw49d) molecules as well as their respective β-chains, gpIIIa (CD61) and CD29. OCs and FBGCs also expressed CD9 and CD55 (DAF-Decay Accelerating Factor) and strongly reacted with antibodies directed against fibrinogen, fibronectin and vitronectin; the latter are ligands for several of the above matrix protein receptors. The data suggest that cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions involving adhesive proteins may be important in OC and FBGC function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315989
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteoclastic differentiation by mononuclear phagocytes containing biomaterial particles (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 117 (1998), S. 136-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aseptic loosening of implant components is a common and important complication of both cemented and uncemented prosthetic joint replacements. Wear particles derived from organic polymer and metal implant biomaterials are commonly found within macrophages and macrophage polykaryons in the fibrous membrane between loose implant components and the host bone undergoing resorption. In order to determine whether biomaterial particle-containing, foreign-body macrophages may contribute to periprosthetic bone resorption, we cultured murine monocytes that had phagocytosed particles of biomaterials commonly employed in bone implant surgery [polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (PE), titanium and chromium-cobalt] on bone slices and glass coverslips with UMR 106 osteoblast-like stromal cells in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3. Under these conditions, all biomaterial particle-containing, foreign-body macrophages differentiated into osteoclastic cells, i.e. tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells capable of extensive lacunar bone resorption. This study shows that particle phagocytosis by macrophages does not abrogate the ability of these cells to undergo osteoclast differentiation. These findings emphasise the importance of the foreign-body macrophage response to biomaterial wear particles in the pathogenesis of aseptic loosening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004020050213
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Donor-related secondary haemorrhage complicating renal transplantation (1995)
    Springer
    Transplant international 8 (1995), S. 403-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Kidney transplantation, haemorrhage ; Haemorrhage, kidney transplantation ; Donortransmitted disease, kidney transplatation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two cases of secondary haemorrhage in renal transplant recipients that would appear to relate to their common donor. Our experience confirms the inadequacy of arterial repair in this setting. One patient, a middle aged diabetic male, required excision of his external iliac artery, but recovered without reconstructive surgery. In the second case nephrectomy was performed on day 8 because of accelerated rejection. This was followed by recurrent sepsis due to E. coli, which was implicated in the previous case. Haemorrhage from the donor aortic wall patch occurred 3 weeks later. We now recommened that if secondary haemorrhage occurs, recipients of other organs from the donor should be carefully monitored for evidence of infection. If this is found and a similar organism cultured, consideration to transplant nephrectomy should be made with removal of all donor tissue to avoid the risk of subsequent secondary haemorrhage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337175
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE ELECTRON DRIFT INSTRUMENT FOR CLUSTER (1997)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 79 (1997), S. 233-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Electron Drift Instrument (EDI) measures the drift of a weak beam of test electrons that, when emitted in certain directions, return to the spacecraft after one or more gyrations. This drift is related to the electric field and the gradient in the magnetic field, and these quantities can, by use of different electron energies, be determined separately. As a by-product, the magnetic field strength is also measured. The present paper describes the scientific objectives, the experimental method, and the technical realization of the various elements of the instrument.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004917512774
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