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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting the leaf extension rate of perennial ryegrass in spring (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 42 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of soil temperature and other factors on the early spring growth of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) swards were studied in 1983, 1984 and 1985. Leaf extension was used as the measure of growth and soil temperature was recorded at 10 cm depth below bare ground. Measurements were taken before the first nitrogen dressing had been applied each spring on swards that had received annual dressings of 0, 200 or 400 kg N ha-1 since 1982.On the pooled data temperature alone accounted for 604% of the variation in leaf extension rate, with an average increase of 0·4 mm d-1 for each 1°C increase in temperature over the range studied. Considering the data for each year separately did not greatly improve the correlation but did indicate that leaves extended more rapidly in 1985 for each degree increase in temperature whereas the smallest response was recorded in 1984. A better correlation was achieved by grouping data according to the nitrogen rates previously applied to plots and there was evidence of residual effets of this nitrogen. It seems likely that the differences between years can be explained in terms of differences in radiation and other environmental parameters over the measurement period, whereas the effects of previously applied nitrogen may be more closely related to physiological changes in the sward.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1987.tb02128.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of temperature on the spring growth of perennial ryegrass at three contrasting sites (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 41 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effect of temperature on the spring growth of perennial ryegrass swards was studied at three contrasting sites. Two of these were situated on land restored after opencast coal mining, one of which had been drained. The third was on undisturbed land of the same soil type. Rates of leaf extension were measured in an attempt to give an early indication of differences in plant growth in the spring of 1982.Spring growth started earliest on undisturbed land. On the restored land drainage proved beneficial, for although the onset of growth was delayed compared to the undisturbed site the subsequent rates of growth were similar. Both the onset and the rate of growth were slower on the undrained site. Highly significant relationships existed between leaf extension rate and soil temperature at each site. However, when sites were compared, differences in soil temperature could only partly explain observed differences in growth rate between sites.It was concluded that some factor other than soil temperature was responsible for the difference in spring growth between the undisturbed site and the undrained opencast site in this experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1986.tb01801.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of drainage on herbage growth and soil development (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 43 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of drainage on the yield of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) swards grown for silage, and on soil development under grassland, were studied between 1982 and 1985.Over the 4 years of the experiment, drainage resulted in a mean increase in herbage production of 1-5 t dry matter (DM) ha−1, 16% above the yield recorded on the undrained site. Drainage also led to increased herbage nitrogen contents at every cut except one, so that total nitrogen recovery was increased by an average of 24-8 kg N ha−1 (15%) when drainage was installed. These total differences were mainly due to differences that were present at the first cut taken in June each year; drainage led to an average 24% increase in yield, and an average 27% increase in nitrogen recovery at the first cut.Detailed sward measurements taken in 1985 endeavoured to explain these differences; drainage increased depth to free water over winter, enabling increased root efficiency and nitrogen availability, greater tillering and more rapid leaf extension in early spring. There was some suggestion that drainage also led to an improved topsoil structure in terms of improved aggregation and aeration. This is important for long-term soil development as well as short-term herbage yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1988.tb02158.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of stocking rate in early season on dairy cow performance and sward characteristics (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 41 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A comparison was made of stocking rates of 4·7, 5·6 and 6·4 cows ha-1 during the first 7 weeks (period 1) of the grazing season. Each group of British Friesian cows was continuously stocked on a day and a night field. In the subsequent periods 2 and 3 (each lasting 7 weeks) the three groups were maintained at the same stocking rate within periods (4·2 and 31 cows ha-1, respectively). The differential stocking rates were achieved by the addition and removal of cows.The stocking rates applied in period I had no significant effects on milk yield, milk composition, liveweight change or condition score, in any period. Milk production ha-1 over the three periods totalled 12390,13 978 and 14986 kg, and the estimated utilized metabolizable energy totalled 773, 81·5 and 86·6 GJ ha-1 for low, medium and high stocking rates, respectively.Increased stocking rate in period I was associated with a decrease in sward height in periods 1 and 2. This led to an increase in herbage metabolizable energy, and crude protein contents, and to an increase in tiller population density. The lowest stocking rate gave greater live individual tiller weights throughout the experiment and a longer interval between defoliation of individual tillers in period 1.The results indicate that high stocking rates in the spring are not necessarily detrimental to overall summer performance of spring calving dairy cows. However, high stocking rates in the early season ensure a high level of herbage utilization and milk output ha-1 in that period. Although this practice leads to a reduced sward height in mid season, the sward has less rejected area, a higher tiller population density and a higher digestibility than swards stocked at a lower level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1986.tb01823.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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