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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prädiktorfunktion hämorheologischer Parameter im Hinblick auf die Inzidenz manifester Durchblutungsstörungen: Konzept der Aachen-Studie (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 653-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hemorheology ; Predictability ; Incidence of vascular disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The prevention of cardiovascular disease has up till now generally been limited to control of the classical risk factors. The primary problem of the risk factor model is, that although a statistically verified relationship exists between risk factors and vascular disease, an individual prognosis is presently impossible. Surveys that show a relation between risk factors and impaired blood fluidity support the conception that a change in blood fluidity could be considered an early detection screening of vascular diseases. Prospective studies have shown that the hematocrit is related to circulatory disturbances. The main aim of the present study was to determine the clinical relevance of rheological parameters (hematocrit, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte rigidity, thrombocyte aggregation, erythrocyte aggregation), and the importance of altered blood fluidity as a predictor of manifest cerebral, cardiac or peripheral vascular disturbance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01726918
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parents administer behavior therapy for inappropriate urination and encopresis: A case study
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 6 (1975), S. 239-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-7916
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-7916(75)90108-1
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the spleen of the channel catfish Ictalurus punetatus Rafinesque indueed by infection with Aeromonas hydrophila (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 1 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A virulent, 2,3-butanediol positive culture of Aeromonas hydrophila, subspecies hydrophila, was fed or injected intraperitoneally into channel catfish. The positive infection and tissue involvement were monitored by the 2,3-butanediol test with tissue homogenate enriched with a buffered nutrient broth containing dextrose. The results revealed that the fish infected orally showed very little or no spleen involvement. Fish infected intraperitoneally, however, showed spleen involvement in a very short time, accompanied by the rapid onset of an acute systemic infection.Light and electron microscope studies of the spleen revealed that the pathogenic bacteria were mainly located within the reticular sheath of the ellipsoids and only sparsely in the surrounding regions, and that intense phagocytic activity of macro-phages had taken place in the ellipsoids. It was also observed that the phagocytized bacteria divide extracellularly, and probably intracellularly, resulting in the destruction of the endothelial and reticular cells of the ellipsoids. This finding substantiates the cytolytic and fibrolytic capacities of A. hydrophila for destroying host defence systems and may contribute to its invasive powers. Other cytological changes in cells in spleen after infection are described, and the resistance of A. hydrophila to intracellular enzymatic digestion by the macrophages is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1978.tb00023.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature course and distribution during plasma heating with a microwave device (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In spite of the much shorter thawing times, the use of microwave devices for heating units of fresh frozen plasma is still being discussed. Concerns about general and localised overheating are the main arguments against the use of microwave devices. We evaluated the warming of fresh frozen plasma using the recently introduced Transfusio-therm 2000® microwave blood warmer. Units of fresh frozen plasma were weighed and the heating times were recorded. The surface temperature of the fresh frozen plasma bags during heating was recorded every 10 s. Temperature variation on the surface was examined by measuring the difference between peripheral and centrally placed temperature sensors. After heating, plasma temperature was determined using a calibrated thermometer. There were no signs of overheating during the heating process. The surface temperature of three units of fresh frozen plasma heated simultaneously (n = 45) was 34.0°C (SD, 1.5°C) after a mean heating time of 23.2 min (SD, 1.1 min). The mean (SD) temperature difference was −0.6 (0.5)°C and the mean (SD) plasma temperature was 33.6 (0.8)°C. Heating one fresh frozen plasma unit at a time (n = 20), the mean (SD) heating time was 6.3 (0.4) min. The surface temperature after heating was 34.3 (0.2)°C, the mean (SD) temperature difference was −0.6 (0.4)°C and the mean (SD) plasma temperature after heating 33.1 (0.6)°C. We conclude that no general or localised overheating of fresh frozen plasma occurs during or after heating with the microwave blood warmer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.03086.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cis-alkoxymercuration of strained olefins
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 12 (1971), S. 3915-3918 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040-4039(01)97323-X
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erfahrungen mit Cefamandol in der Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde (1978)
    Springer
    Infection 6 (1978), S. S251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The clinical testing of cefamandole on 31 patients, ranging in age from 16 to 78 years, and suffering from severe acute or subacute ear, nose and throat infections, showed this new cephalosporin to be very effective with few side effects. The preparation was administered thrice daily in doses of 2 g dissolved in 250 ml glucose or NaCl solution in a short-term infusion of about 20 minutes duration for five to ten days. The therapeutic result could be assessed as very good in 21 cases (some of which had already undergone unsuccessful therapy with another antibiotic) and as good in eight cases who also had additional local or surgical therapy. In two cases the clinical result could not be determined unequivocally. One patient temporarily had a slight increase in transaminases and thrombocytopenia during therapy, whereby the thrombocytopenia could not be attributed with certainty to cefamandole. Local venous reactions were not observed, and a slight allergic exanthema developed in only one female patient. The indications for cefamandole treatment in ear, nose and throat infections are discussed with regard to the in vitro test results of this study and previous findings. Brief reference is made to the good results obtained after administration of the new oral cephalosporin, cefaclor, as supplement to parenteral cephalosporin therapy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die klinische Prüfung von Cefamandol bei 31 Patienten im Alter von 16 bis 78 Jahren mit schweren akuten bzw. subakuten Infektionen des HNO-Bereichs ließ eine ausgezeichnete Wirksamkeit des neuen Cephalosporins bei geringen Nebenwirkungen erkennen. Das Präparat wurde in einer Dosierung von 3 × 2 g in jeweils 250 ml Glukose- oder Kochsalzlösung als Kurzinfusion von etwa 20 Minuten Dauer über fünf bis zehn Tage verabreicht. Der Behandlungserfolg konnte in 21 Fällen (u. a. nach erfolgloser Vorbehandlung mit einem anderen Antibiotikum) als sehr gut, in acht Fällen bei zusätzlicher lokaler oder chirurgischer Behandlung als gut und in zwei Fällen nicht eindeutig beurteilt werden. Bei je einem Patienten kam es während der Behandlung vorübergehend zu einem geringen Transaminasenanstieg bzw. Thrombozytenabfall, wobei die Thrombopenie nicht eindeutig der Cefamandol-Medikation zuzuordnen war. Lokale Venenreaktionen wurden nicht beobachtet, und ein leichtes Exanthem trat lediglich bei einer Patientin auf. Die Indikationen des Cefamandol bei Infektionen des HNO-Bereichs werden unter Berücksichtigung der vorliegenden In-vitro-Untersuchungsergebnisse und der bisherigen Erfahrungen besprochen. Es wird kurz auf die guten Resultate nach Anwendung des neuen oralen Cephalosporins Cefaclor als Ergänzung der parenteralen Cephalosporin-therapie hingewiesen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01638985
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erfahrungen mit Cefaclor in der Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde HNO-Indikationen von Cefaclor (1979)
    Springer
    Infection 7 (1979), S. S609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The efficacy and tolerance of the new oral cephalosporin cefaclor was tested in 61 patients treated for a variety of moderate to severe ENT infections which were not expected to undergo a spontaneous remission without antibacterial therapy. The most frequently isolated pathogens were streptococci andStaphylococcus aureus. The dosage consisted of 500 mg cefaclor three times daily, and the treatment lasted between 4 and 43 days (average 14 days). In 35 cases, some of whom had already been treated unsuccessfully with another antibiotic, the results were very good. In 22 patients locally applied medicaments or surgery contributed to the good result. In four patients an unequivocal evaluation was not possible or therapy was not successful. The frequently noted rapid response to treatment with cefaclor was impressive. No relapses were recorded. In pharmacokinetic studies a cefaclor concentration of 2.8 mcg/g was obtained in the tonsils 90 minutes after oral administration of 1000 mg. Clinical examinations in 61 patients and a complete range of laboratory tests in 47 patients did not reveal any case of allergic reaction. One patient only complained of nausea and diarrhoea. In two patients temporary low grade thrombopenia and thrombocytosis respectively were observed. In several patients a slight transitory rise in transaminases was seen. Cefaclor thus proved to be an effective and well-tolerated antibiotic. Its indications in the treatment of ENT infections are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 61 Patienten wurden Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit des neuen oralen Cephalosporins, Cefaclor, in der Behandlung verschiedener mittlerer bis schwerer HNO-Infektionen geprüft, bei denen eine Spontanremission ohne antibakterielle Therapie nicht zu erwarten war. Die häufigsten isolierten Erreger waren Streptokokken undStaphylococcus aureus. Die Dosierung betrug dreimal täglich 500 mg Cefaclor und die Dauer der Behandlung zwischen vier und 43 Tagen mit einem Durchschnitt von 14 Tagen. In 35 Fällen, die z. T. mit einem anderen Antibiotikum erfolglos vorbehandelt worden waren, konnte ein sehr gutes Ergebnis erzielt werden. Bei 22 Patienten trug eine lokale medikamentöse oder chirurgische Therapie zum guten Resultat bei. In vier Fällen war eine eindeutige Beurteilung nicht möglich bzw. konnte kein Therapieerfolg erzielt werden. Beeindruckend war das oft festgestellte sehr rasche Ansprechen auf die Cefaclor-Behandlung. Rezidive wurden nicht registriert. Pharmakokinetische Untersuchungen erbrachten eine Cefaclorkonzentration von 2,8 mcg/g in den Tonsillen 90 Minuten nach Applikation von 1000 mg per os. Die klinischen Untersuchungen bei 61 Patienten und die vollständigen labortechnischen Kontrolluntersuchungen bei 47 Patienten ließen keine allergischen Reaktionen erkennen. Lediglich in einem Fall wurde Übelkeit und Diarrhöe angegeben. Bei je einem Patienten wurde eine vorübergehende leichte Thrombopenie bzw. Thrombozytose beobachtet. In einigen Fällen wurden geringe vorübergehende Transaminasenerhöhungen festgestellt. Cefaclor hat sich damit als gut wirksames und verträgliches Antibiotikum erwiesen. Auf seine Indikationen bei der Behandlung von HNO-Infektionen wird näher eingegangen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01659748
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flugstaub In Vier Boden Aus Kalk, Dolomit Und Serpentin (Schweizer Jura Und Schweizer Alpen)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Catena 2 (1975), S. 11-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0341-8162
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(75)80002-6
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Thermodynamischen Begründung der Kovats'schen Retentionsindizes (1971)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 4 (1971), S. 459-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von den thermodynamischen Grundlagen wird die Siedepunktsabhängigkeit der Retentionszeiten diskutiert. Über eine Formel vonKlages, nach der sich das Quadrat der Siedetemperaturen organischer Stoffe als additive Moleküleigenschaft darstellt, lassen sich die Retentionszeiten in eine analytische Beziehung zur Kohlenstoffzahl setzen. Nach Linearisierung dieser Beziehung läßt sich das System derKovats'schen Indizes zwanglos einführen. Der Anwendungsbereich desKovats'schen Systems sowie einer Formel für die Totzeit kann auf diese Weise abgegrenzt werden.
    Abstract: Résumé Partant des principes de la thermodynamique, on étudie la relation existant entre les temps de rétention et les points d'ébullition. Au moyen d'une formule deKlages, dans laquelle le carré des températures d'ébullition des substances organiques est présenté comme une caractéristique supplémentaire des molécules, on peut établir une realtion analytique entre le temps de rétention et le nombre d'atomes de carbone. Après linéarisation de cette relation, le système des indices deKovats peut être introduit facilement. De cette façon on peut délimiter la zone d'application du système deKovats, et déterminer une formule de calcul du temps mort.
    Notes: Summary Based on basic thermodynamics, the dependence of the retention times on the boiling points is discussed. Using an equation derived byKlages, in which the square of the boiling temperatures of organic substances is presented as an additive quality of the molecules an analytical relationship may be established between the retention time and the carbon number. After linearization of this relation, theKovats index system can be introduced without any problem. In this way, the application range of theKovats system and of an equation for the gas holdup time can be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268815
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eine Ergänzung zum Kovats'schen Identifikations-System (1971)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 4 (1971), S. 561-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von dem thermodynamischen Zusammenhang zwischen Retentionszeit und Dampfdruck eines Stoffes wird ein „Retentionssiedepunkt” eingeführt, der bei geeigneter Wahl der Versuchsbedingungen sehr nahe an den wahren Siedepunkt gerückt werden kann. Die bekannten Siedepunktstabellen können so als Identifikationshilfsmittel bei der gas-chromatographischen Analyse herangezogen werden. Diese Methode wird mit derKovats'schen Identifikations-methode kombiniert, die im wesentlichen Aufschluß darüber gibt, welche Versuchsbedingungen für eine genauere Analyse nach dem Retentionssiedepunkt-Verfahren eingestellt werden müssen. Die Retentionsindices können in entsprechende Retentionssiedepunkte rein formal umgerechnet und die kombinierte Identifikations-methode auf diese Weise vereinheitlicht werden.
    Abstract: Résamé Partant de la relation thermodynamique existant entre le temps de rétention et la tension de vapeur d'une substance, on a introduit la notion de «point d'ébullition déduit des données de rétention» qui, si on choisit convenable des conditions d'opératoires, peut être extrêmement voisin du vrai point d'ébullition. Ainsi, les tableaux de points d'ébullition peuvent aider à l'identification des substances lors des analyses par chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Ce procédé est combiné avec la méthode d'identification basée sur les indices deKovats qui indique essentiellement quelles sont les conditions d'essai à utiliser pour une analyse plus précise d'après la méthode du «point d'ébullition déduit des données de rétention». Par un calcul purement théorique, on peut convertir les indices de rétention en «points d'ébullition déduit des données de rétention» et unifier ainsi la méthode combinée d'identification.
    Notes: Summary Based on the thermodynamic relationship between retention time and vapour pressure of a substance, a “retention boiling point” is introduced which, with suitable selection of the working conditions, can be approximated very closely to the true boiling point. Thus the known boiling point tables can be used to assist in the idendification of compounds analyzed by gas chromatography. This method is being combined with the identification method ofKovats which essentially provides information on the test conditions to be used for a more precise analysis by the retention boiling point procedure. Through simple calculations, the retention indices can be converted into “retention boiling points”, and thus the two identification methods may be unified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02317592
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