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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of bank marketing 20 (2002), S. 57-66 
    ISSN: 0265-2323
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Banking has not been caught off guard by the speed of change within the industry brought about by Internet banking. In fact, the combination of the speed and direction of change has acted as a catalyst for a new era in financial services. This paper considers what impact this has for the corporate identities of the companies concerned, whether existing banks can leverage their corporate identity to obtain sustainable competitive advantage and whether new entrants in the financial market will be able to woo new customers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0305-6120
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and other chelates are widely employed in the electroless copper plating solutions and related chemistries used in printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing. EDTA in particular, imparts many benefits to these processes but it is also becoming increasingly undesirable from an effluent treatment and environmental perspective. Consequently, there is a need to remove EDTA and similar compounds from effluent produced during the PCB manufacturing process. In this paper, the effectiveness of hydroxyl radicals, generated by a UV/ozone based enhanced oxidation process, in destroying relatively low levels of EDTA and other chelates has been evaluated. The influence of temperature, operating pH and chelate concentration has been investigated. Initial results indicate that a combined UV/ozone based process provides a useful and effective method for conveniently destroying EDTA, its hydroxy ethyl analogue and ethanolamine in aqueous solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Circuit world 31 (2005), S. 21-25 
    ISSN: 0305-6120
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Purpose - To present the initial results from a project recently undertaken by Rohm and Haas Electronic Materials Europe Ltd, in collaboration with a number of European partners, to develop individual elements of the traditional PCB manufacturing process towards a sustainable and zero-discharge alternative. Design/methodology/approach - This paper presents initial results from work aimed at enabling PCB manufacturing to become more sustainable. Novel processes evaluated include special electroplating techniques, advanced oxidation methods to remove organic contaminants, and new ion exchange systems. Work has been carried out to develop these processes into viable demonstrators and the results of progress to date are reported. Descriptions of how these individual technologies may be combined to provide an integrated approach to a more sustainable PCB manufacturing methodology are also given. Findings - Initial results indicate that a more sustainable PCB manufacturing process may be achieved by combining the use of organic and metal capture resins with advanced oxidation and electrochemical recovery technologies. Originality/value - The value of the paper lies in its provision of information from a project that is integrating available treatment technologies in a novel approach that will take the PCB manufacturing process closer to a zero effluent discharge situation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0305-6120
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In September 1998 six European companies involved in PCB manufacturing and electronic packaging started collaborating in a development project known as "PRIME". The "Program for Re-engineering and Innovating (PCB) Manufacturing and Equipment" project lost one of its original members in late 1999, and Coates Circuit Products joined as the dielectric supplier. The project is now approaching the mid-term assessment (MTA), where alternative production scenarios will be discussed and the most attractive carried forward to fabricate test vehicles and ultimately demonstrator patterns. Some essential features of the project have already been demonstrated and these initial results will be presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0305-6120
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and other organic chelates are widely employed in electroless plating processes used by the printed circuit board and metal finishing industries. These chelating agents can pose problems with downstream waste water treatment, and metals and water recycling processes, due to their ability to complex heavy metal ions and their low biodegradabilities. Conventional treatment methods, such as carbon adsorption, air stripping and reverse osmosis can create secondary waste problems and are normally applied as "end of pipe" treatments. The development of new technology to address these problems would be welcomed. The ROCWAT project, funded by the EC under the "CRAFT" programme, detailed in this paper was undertaken to develop and deliver innovative techniques for the in situ destruction of chelates and other organics found in manufacturing process chemistries and effluent streams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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