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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A DICTIONARY OF THE ACTION OF HEAT UPON CERTAIN METALLIC SALTS (1883)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 5 (1883), S. 135-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja02155a019
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation and Microscopic Identification of Gallium in Presence of Aluminum (1954)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 26 (1954), S. 546-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60087a034
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pre-diabetes in the spontaneously diabetic BB/E rat: lymphocyte subpopulations in the pancreatic infiltrate and expression of rat MHC class II molecules in endocrine cells (1985)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 28 (1985), S. 464-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Pre-diabetes ; BB rat ; lymphocyte subsets ; β cell ; MHC class II expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Use of monoclonal antibodies specific for rat lymphocyte subsets and an anti-insulin marker has allowed us to document the following sequence of events leading to the development of clinical diabetes in this animal model. The first change observed in the pancreas is increased expression of MHC class II molecules on vascular endothelium and this precedes lymphocytic infiltration. Next, T cells of the T helper phenotype infiltrate the pancreas around blood vessels. Many of the infiltrating T cells show class II expression indicating that they are activated. A few cytotoxic and suppressor cells and B lymphocytes are also present and their numbers increase proportionately with rat age. Some macrophages are also seen. Finally, at a late stage class II MHC molecules can be detected in partially destroyed islets on β cells which are still actively synthesising insulin. We have never observed expression of class II molecules on glucagon or somatostatin secreting cells which are invariably well preserved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280892
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma insulin and glucose levels in maturity onset diabetics treated with chlorpropamide (1977)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 13 (1977), S. 367-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; maturity onset ; chlor-propamide ; plasma insulin ; plasma chlorpropamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 19 diabetic patients taking various doses of chlorpropamide were studied throughout a normal day. Plasma chlorpropamide levels were related to the daily dose of the drug and were relatively constant throughout the day. Blood glucose concentration was highest and the plasma insulin concentration lowest in patients taking the largest dose of chlorpropamide. Patients on a small daily dose of chlorpropamide were well controlled and had higher than normal plasma insulin levels. — 12 patients were restudied 10 days after stopping chlor-propamide. Although diabetic control deteriorated in all patients, plasma insulin concentration did not change significantly. This suggests that the long-term hypoglycaemic action of chlorpropamide is not dependent on an effect on the concentration of insulin in peripheral venous blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01223280
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attenuation of the pancreatic beta cell response to a meal following hypoglycaemia in man (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 18 (1980), S. 297-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Hypoglycaemia ; beta-cell function ; C-peptide ; insulin secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma concentration of C-peptide, insulin (IRI) and glucose was measured in 9 healthy subjects during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia followed by a meal. Identical observations were made in the same subjects after an equivalent period of fasting without hypoglycaemia (control study). Endogenous secretion of insulin was suppressed following administration of exogenous insulin and this persisted long after the blood glucose concentration had returned to normal. After the meal the mean blood glucose rose to a peak of 8.4±0.3 mmol/l (mean ± SEM) at 60 min and was still raised at 7.5±0.3 mmol/l at 120 min, compared with a peak value of only 5.1±0.2 mmol/l at 30 min after the meal in the control study. Following hypoglycaemia the mean plasma IRI rose from 8.3±1.3 mU/l to a delayed peak of 81.6±12.7 mU/l at 60 min and was 123.5±14 mU/l at 120 min post-prandially, compared with a peak of 72.4±0.5 mU/l at 30 min after the meal in the control study. Acute hypoglycaemia may thus induce an abnormal pattern of insulin secretion in response to a meal, with impaired carbohydrate tolerance in normal subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00251009
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microencapsulated islet grafts in the BB/E rat: a possible role for cytokines in graft failure (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 231-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Microencapsulation ; interleukin-1β ; pancreatic islets ; biocompatibility ; transplantation ; diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Alginate-polylysine microencapsulation has been proposed as a method of protecting transplanted pancreatic islets against immunological attack. Using this technique, prolonged graft survival has been reported in some diabetic animals. However, in the spontaneously diabetic insulindependent BB/E rat we found that intraperitoneal implantation of microencapsulated islets had only a short-lived effect on hyperglycaemia. Recovered microcapsules (both those implanted empty and containing islets) were surrounded by a foreign body type cellular overgrowth and, although many capsules remained intact, encapsulated islets were observed to be disintegrating. Loss of Beta cells was confirmed by immunohistology. Various polymer materials used in artificial membranes have been shown to activate macrophages involved in foreign body reactions and induce synthesis of interleukin-1β, a known Beta-cell toxin. Reduced secretion of insulin and progressive islet damage (indicated by a significant reduction in residual islet insulin and DNA content) were demonstrated when microencapsulated islets were incubated with interleukin-1βin vitro for 9 days. Similar effects were seen following exposure to a combination of gamma interferon and alpha tumour necrosis factor. Successful use of microencapsulation in islet transplantation depends upon the development of biocompatible membranes. The exclusion of smaller molecules, such as cytokines, which may be involved in foreign body mediated damage and microencapsulated islet graft rejection, could also be important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400922
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HbA1 in assessment of metabolic control in diabetic BB/E rats (1990)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 33 (1990), S. 257-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: HbA1 ; BB/E rat ; metabolic control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Estimations of HbA1 levels have been used to assess long-term glycaemic control in spontaneously diabetic BB/E rats. The degree of metabolic control achieved by once daily insulin injections and continuous insulin infusion by osmotic minipump was compared. Citrate gel electrophoresis of lysed erythrocytes, previously washed and incubated in 0.9% NaCl, gave accurate HbA1 values without interference from either abnormal Hb variants or labile glycosylation products. Over a 12 week period there was no significant difference in the mean random weekly plasma glucose concentrations between diabetic rats maintained on insulin injections or continuous infusion therapy. The HbA1 values in the injection-treated animals remained unchanged throughout the study period (mean±SEM = 5.1±0.1%). Diabetic rats treated by osmotic minipump showed a steady decline in values over the same period (4.1±0.1%; p〈0.001 vs injected rats) but levels remained higher than those recorded in non-diabetic control rats (2.9±0.01%; p〈0.001 vs pump-treated rats). These differences in HbA1 were reflected in the plasma glucose values obtained during a 30 h glucose profile performed after six weeks of insulin therapy. Diabetic rats on injection therapy showed considerable diurnal variation in plasma glucose concentration (5.5–11.2 mmol/l; mean 8.9±0.5) but continuous insulin infusion eliminated the fluctuations giving a significantly lower mean glucose level over the 30 h period (7.3±0.1 mmol/l; p〈0.005). HbA1 levels show a poor correlation with random plasma glucose estimations (r=0.43) but provide a simple and accurate assessment of long-term glycaemic control without the need for multiple 24 h glucose profiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403317
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Candidate gene studies in pedigrees with maturity-onset diabetes of the young not linked with glucokinase (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1055-1060 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Maturity-onset diabetes of the young ; glucokinase ; adenosine deaminase ; pituitary adenylate cyclase-activation polypeptide receptor ; hexokinase II ; glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor ; polymerase chain reaction ; linkage analysis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a form of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus characterised by an early age of onset and an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Only a proportion of cases are due to mutations in the glucokinase gene. We have studied five Caucasian MODY families, including the first MODY family to be described, with five candidate genes implicated in regulation of insulin secretion. The affected subjects showed more marked hyperglycaemia than that found in subjects with glucokinase mutations. We assessed polymorphic markers close to the genes for glucokinase, hexokinase II, adenosine deaminase, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor. Linkage analysis with diabetes gave cumulative log of the odds (LOD) scores of less than –3, implying that mutations in these genes are unlikely to provide a major genetic contribution to this form of MODY. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 1055–1060]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402175
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue ascorbic acid and polyol pathway metabolism in experimental diabetes (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 516-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Ascorbic acid ; polyol pathway ; streptozotocin-diabetic rat ; spontaneously diabetic BB rat ; oxidative stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous studies demonstrating reduced plasma concentrations of ascorbic acid (AA) in diabetes and interactions between this vitamin and biochemical mechanisms such as synthesis of structural proteins, oxidative stress, polyol pathway and non-enzymatic glycation of proteins suggest that disturbed AA metabolism may be important in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy. However, limited information is available on the concentration of AA in tissues which develop diabetic complications. This study demonstrates reduced renal but not sciatic nerve or plasma AA concentration in two animal models of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, namely the STZ-diabetic rat and the spontaneously diabetic BB rat. Decreased lens AA concentration was also observed in STZ-diabetic rats. Improvement of glycaemic control by insulin treatment (albeit insufficient to achieve normoglycaemia) partially corrected lens and renal AA concentration in STZ-diabetic rats. AA treatment increased kidney and lens AA concentrations of STZ-diabetic and non-diabetic rats and corrected the abnormalities observed for untreated diabetic rats. Sciatic nerve AA concentration was not increased by AA treatment in any group. Tissue ratios of dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA)/AA, one index of oxidative stress, were not different between the diabetic and non-diabetic groups and were unaltered by AA supplementation. AA treatment of STZ-diabetic rats had no effect on elevated tissue concentrations of glucose, sorbitol and fructose or reduced myo-inositol concentration. The effect of reduced tissue AA levels in diabetes on either collagen synthesis or ability to combat increased free radical production is not known. However, correction of abnormal kidney and lens AA concentrations in experimental diabetes by AA supplementation suggests that if AA does have a role in the development or progression of the renal and ocular complications of diabetes, this treatment could be beneficial. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 516–523]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050940
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Candidate gene studies in pedigrees with maturity-onset diabetes of the young not linked with glucokinase (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1055-1060 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young ; glucokinase ; adenosine deaminase ; pituitary adenylate cyclase-activation polypeptide receptor ; hexokinase II ; glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor ; polymerase chain reaction ; linkage analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a form of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus characterised by an early age of onset and an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Only a proportion of cases are due to mutations in the glucokinase gene. We have studied five Caucasian MODY families, including the first MODY family to be described, with five candidate genes implicated in regulation of insulin secretion. The affected subjects showed more marked hyperglycaemia than that found in subjects with glucokinase mutations. We assessed polymorphic markers close to the genes for glucokinase, hexokinase II, adenosine deaminase, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor. Linkage analysis with diabetes gave cumulative log of the odds (LOD) scores of less than -3, implying that mutations in these genes are unlikely to provide a major genetic contribution to this form of MODY.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402175
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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