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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The analgesic efficacy of diclofenac dispersible and ibuprofen in postoperative pain after dental extraction (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. 587-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Analgesia ; Diclofenac ; Ibuprofen ; post-operative pain ; dental surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have compared single oral doses of drinkable diclofenac dispersible (50 mg) with ibuprofen (400 mg) and placebo in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial in 127 adults complaining of at least moderately severe pain after removal of an impacted third molar. Within 40 min both diclofenac and ibuprofen produced significant pain relief that persisted for 6 h. There were no differences between diclofenac and ibuprofen in analgesic efficacy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02440865
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Terbinafine in the treatment of onychomycosis: a review of its efficacy in high-risk populations and in patients with nondermatophyte infections (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 150 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  The prevalence of onychomycosis is higher in certain high-risk populations, such as the immunocompromised, diabetics and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. These patients can also develop onychomycosis due to nondermatophyte fungi. Although the efficacy of terbinafine is well demonstrated in the treatment of conventional dermatophyte nail infection, there are few data on the efficacy of terbinafine in high-risk patient groups or in nondermatophyte fungi, which can be difficult to treat.Objectives  To review previously published data regarding the safety and efficacy of terbinafine in special patient populations, such as those with diabetes mellitus or HIV infection, those receiving immunosuppressive therapy, and patients with onychomycosis due to nondermatophyte fungi.Methods  A Medline literature search up to October 2002 was performed in order to identify relevant studies. Pertinent abstracts presented at international meetings were also included. Cure rates (per-protocol and intention-to-treat) were extracted or calculated. All available safety data were also collated.Results  Terbinafine was highly effective and well tolerated in patients with diabetes mellitus. Mycological cure rates of 62–78% were achieved in three studies, which is comparable with the efficacy in nondiabetic populations. Mycological cure rates of 64–91% were achieved in subsets of diabetic patients with Candida-positive nail cultures. The efficacy of terbinafine in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy was also similar to that reported in immunocompetent patients. Levels of ciclosporin in the blood clearly decreased, with little clinical consequence; however, consideration should be given to the monitoring of ciclosporin levels in patients concomitantly receiving immunosuppressive therapy and terbinafine. Two small studies reported that terbinafine was also effective in treating onychomycosis in HIV-positive patients. Terbinafine was also effective and well tolerated in the treatment of nondermatophyte onychomycosis.Conclusions  This review suggests that terbinafine is a safe and effective treatment for onychomycosis in high-risk populations. However, the majority of these studies only included small numbers of patients and larger clinical trials are needed, especially in patients with HIV infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05726.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI in cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage: analysis of 50 consecutive cases (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 401-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Haemorrhage intraventricular ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract MRI of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) has not been studied formally. We aimed to describe the degradation rate and patterns shown on 1.5 T MRI in IVH, comparing them to other coexisting brain hemorrhage. We studied 50 consecutive cases using T1-, proton-density, and T2-weighted images. IVH was seen in two forms: layered (free-flowing in ventricles) (37 cases) and/or clotted (31). Both were best shown by proton-density image. Layered IVH was seen in the dependent portions of the lateral ventricles with fluid (“blood-CSF”) levels, degrading more slowly than both clotted IVH and intraparenchymal hemorrhages (IPH) (acute blood products persisting for several more days; P 〈 0.05). Clotted IVH degraded at a rate comparable to IPH. IVH cleared rapidly and did not form hemosiderin. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) cleared faster and was less conspicuous than IVH. Hypertensive (22), aneurysmal (11), traumatic (2), idiopathic (9), or vascular malformation-related (6) IVH were seen. IVH coexisted with IPH (30) or SAH (12), or both (12). The high rate of layering with blood-CSF levels in IVH is most likely due to different densities of blood components and CSF and the fibrinolytic capability of the latter. Delayed degradation of layered IVH probably reflects high intra-ventricular oxygen and glucose content. Further study is necessary to determine if MRI characteristics of IVH are helpful in excluding other intraventricular diseases such as neoplasia and pyocephalus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050773
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI in chronic toluene abuse: low signal in the cerebral cortex on T2-weighted images (1998)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 519-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Toluene ; Organic solvents ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Iron ; brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract MRI may be helpful in showing brain toxicity associated with chronic toluene inhalation. We report clinical and MRI findings over 3 years in a man with gradual neurologic decline secondary to toluene abuse. Cerebral atrophy most prominently involved the corpus callosum and cerebellar vermis. On T2-weighted images, loss of gray-white matter contrast, diffuse supratentorial white matter high-signal lesions, and low signal in the basal ganglia and midbrain were seen. In addition, MRI showed abnormal labor cortical low signal on T2-weighted images, most prominent in the primary motor and visual cortex. This cortical T2 shortening, not previously described in this condition, may reflect iron deposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050637
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cerebral intravascular enhancement sign is not specific: a contrast-enhanced MRI study (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 80-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Magnetic resonance imaging ; Inflammations ; Venous thrombosis ; Intravascular enhancement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The intravascular enhancement (IVE) sign, also known as the “arterial enhancement sign”, is an abnormal finding in the brain on contrast-enhanced MRI studies. IVE has been described in arterial cerebrovascular disorders, most commonly in acute or subacute arterial ischemic infarcts. However, the specificity of this sign has not been established. We describe four patients with disorders other than arterial strokes in whom gadolinium-enhanced high-field (1.5 T) MRI suggested IVE. The conditions were herpes simplex viral encephalitis, idiopathic cerebellitis, pneumococcal meningitis, and superior sagittal sinus thrombosis with venous infarction. IVE in these cases may be due to multiple factors, including arterial, venous, perivascular, and leptomeningeal or sulcal contrast medium accumulation. Our observations suggest that arterial ischemia, previously described as the cardinal cause of IVE, probably does not explain all instances, and urge caution in interpreting this sign as a specific MRI manifestation of acute arterial infarction or ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050710
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy and tolerability of diclofenac dispersible in painful osteoarthrosis (1993)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 12 (1993), S. 57-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Osteoarthrosis ; Analgesia ; Diclofenac Dispersible ; Efficacy ; Tolerability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A multicentre, twelve-week, double-blind, randomized trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of diclofenac dispersible in patients suffering from osteoarthrosis of the knee and/or hip. Symptomatic adult patients (N=129) of either sex were treated with diclofenac dispersible or the conventional enteric-coated tablet of diclofenac sodium 50 mg orally, thrice daily. Both formulations of diclofenac led to comparable and clinically significant reductions in the intensities of pain at rest and during activity within 1 week of therapy initiation. More than 70% of patients in both treatment groups had no or mild pain on full passive movement by the end of the study with the Lequesne Index showing a reduction of around 50% from initial values. Overall assessments of efficacy by the patient and the investigator indicated a positive response rate for both diclofenac formulations ranging between 71% and 82%. The proportion of patients reporting adverse effects, predominantly gastro-intestinal, was slightly higher in the dispersible group, 40.3%, compared to 37.3% with enteric-coated diclofenac sodium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02231560
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal time-varying potential control (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 23 (1993), S. 715-727 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract As an illustration of the potential utility of optimal-control theory, we determine the time-varying electrode potential which maximizes the desired product produced from a coupled, chemical-electrochemical reaction sequence occurring in a well-mixed batch reactor for a specified reaction time. The reactant is electrochemically reduced to a stable intermediate which is itself a reactant for two competing parallel reactions: a homogeneous chemical decomposition to the desired product, or a further electrochemical reduction to an undesired product. If the transfer coefficient of the first reaction is greater than that of the second, then chattering control, in which the potential switches at an infinite frequency between two limits, is optimal. If the transfer coefficients have the opposite relationship, then a continuous, time-varying potential is optimal. We compare the results of applying the optimal, chattering-potential control with those resulting from the best continuous and steady controls. Improved selectivity results from a chattering control and may be effected even in the presence of significant mass-transfer resistance. Since an infinite-frequency control cannot be actually implemented, we discuss how a high-frequency, rectangular waveform can be determined which results in essentially the same product distribution as a chattering control. A qualitative, simple-to-apply method to determine whether selectivity enhancement is attainable using chattering controls is also illustrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00243341
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal time-varying cell-voltage control of a parallel-plate reactor (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 24 (1994), S. 1116-1123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract As a means to illustrate the calculation of an optimal cell-voltage control for a parallel-plate reactor, we determine the time-varying cell voltage that maximizes p-aminophenol produced from the electroreduction of nitrobenzene in a differential-conversion reactor operated in a batch mode; that is, the electrolyte is continuously recirculated from a batch holding tank through the reactor in which a low conversion per pass occurs. A rationale is given for restricting the search for the optimal control for this particular reaction network to a chattering-cell voltage that switches between a priori chosen minimum and maximum values. The optimal, time-varying duty cycle is computed using a gradient-search technique. The predicted concentrations are dependent upon the reaction time; for the conditions examined here, an improvement of twenty-five percent in the production and nine-hundred percent in the selectivity of p-aminophenol may be achieved by using the optimal, time-varying voltage in comparison to the best steady value. Since a chattering control is a mathematical construct, we illustrate that a rectangular, high-frequency waveform may be applied to yield results which are indistinguishable from those effected by a chattering cell voltage. The period of the waveform must be short enough so that surface concentrations are time invariant over it and yet, simultaneously, must be long enough so that double-layer charging does not account for a significant passage of coulombs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00241309
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