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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AIDS does not alter the total number of neurons in the hippocampal formation but induces cell atrophy: a stereological study (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 99 (2000), S. 643-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words AIDS ; HIV-1 infection ; Hippocampal ¶formation ; Stereology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although cognitive dysfunction is a common finding in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) its pathogenesis remains controversial. Given the involvement of the hippocampal formation in the processing of cognitive information and the scarcity of quantitative studies in this brain region, we have examined, using stereological methods, the hippocampal formations of AIDS patients. The study was performed in ten AIDS patients and ten age-matched controls. All cases were male. The Principle of Cavalieri was applied to estimate the volume of the layers of the dentate gyrus and of the CA3 and CA1 hippocampal fields. The fractionator and the nucleator were used as estimators of the total number, and mean somatic and nuclear volumes of the neurons in the cell-containing layers of all hippocampal subdivisions. No cell death was detected in AIDS patients but the global volume of their hippocampal formations was significantly decreased due to the reduced volume of its layers, mainly the cell-containing layers. Furthermore, the somatic and nuclear volumes of the neurons in the hippocampal formation were significantly decreased in AIDS patients. No correlation was found between the estimates obtained and the presence or absence of neurological involvement. Our results show that neurons in the hippocampal formation of AIDS patients display marked morphological changes, despite the maintenance of their total number. These alterations are likely to lead to dysfunction of the hippocampal circuitries and, thus, might contribute to explaining the demential features which occur in this condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051175
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipofuscin granules in cerebellar interneurons after long-term alcohol consumption in the adult rat (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 171 (1985), S. 61-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Lipofuscin ; Alcohol-ageing ; Cerebellar interneurons ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lipofuscin deposition in nerve cells is one of the most reliable and consistent neurocytological features correlated with ageing. Purkinje cells of long-term alcoholfed rats show large agglomerates of lipofuscin granules after six months of alcohol experiment, whereas in normal biological ageing, this happens only after 25 months of age. Cerebellar interneurons have specific patterns of lipofuscin accumulation during ageing concerning both its morphological type and chronology of deposition. We studied the effects of chronic alcohol treatment on cerebellar interneurons taking particular account of lipofuscin pigment accumulation. Control and alcohol-fed groups for 1, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months were used. A precocious and progressive accumulation of lipofuscin granules occurred in granule, Golgi and basket cells. Stellate cells remained pigment-free. The lipofuscin deposited in the granule and Golgi cells was of the granular type, whereas that of basket and stellate cells was lamellar (fingerprint-like pattern). These results parallel those observed during normal ageing, and reinforce the hypothesis of the existence of a close relationship between chronic alcohol consumption and precocious nerve cell ageing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319054
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dendritic abnormalities in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 52 (1980), S. 77-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis ; Golgi method ; Dendritic abnormalities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Golgi studies of three cortical biopsies from patients with SSPE reveal an abnormal pyramidal dendritic domain spine-loss, and reactive gliosis. These findings support results obtained in a previous ultrastructural study of this disease, and are in keeping with the pathological features observed in other situations in which mental changes occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687232
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial abnormalities in cortical dendrites from patients with early forms of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 63 (1984), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis ; Mitochondria ; Dendrites ; Mental changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Biopsy fragments from the frontal cortex of two patients with early forms of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) were studied with ultrastructural methods. Special attention was given to mitochondrial abnormalities observed in dendrites from the three superficial cortical layers. Some of the mitochondria presented atypical elongated cristae parallel to the longer axis of the organelle and closely apposite each other. The surface of these cristae is undulated, and the intracristal space is regularly septate. As these abnormal mitochondria appeared in dendrites, which in later stages of the disease are supposed to degenerate, it is advanced that these abnormalities could be precursors of dendritic changes and be possibly related to the precocious, insidious mental changes which characterize the early forms of the disease, as it is known that the disruption of the dendritic domain is linked with neuronal dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697193
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurofibrillary changes in the cerebral cortex of a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 48 (1979), S. 157-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis ; Neurofibrillary degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Biopsy fragments from the frontal cortex of one patient with SSPE were studied with ultrastructural methods. Special attention was given to the presence of neurofibrillary tangles observed in all cortical layers. These tangles were composed either of filaments with a diameter of 10–12 nm or of paired helical filaments 22–24 nm at their widest and periodically reduced to 10 nm about every 80 nm. These tangles were observed in all cortical layers, while those formed by single filaments were only visualized in layer 3. The simultaneous appearance of both types of tangles in the same patient suggests that they may be chemically related, which is in keeping with recent chemical data concerning the nature of the neurofilament protein subunit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691159
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The association connexions of the suprasylvian fringe (SF) and other areas of the cat auditory cortex (1975)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 23 (1975), S. 535-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Auditory cortex ; Cat ; Association connexions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The association connexions of the peri-auditory (SF, Ea and INS) and auditory (AI, AII and Ep) areas of the cat cortex were studied in silver impregnated material of 32 experiments with cortical lesions. The cortex of the lateral bank of the rostral part of the middle suprasylvian sulcus (SF) sends many fibres to AI and to the insular cortex (INS), and has scanty projections upon AII and Ep. In addition, it sends fibres to the visual area 17 as well as to the ventral bank of the medial part of the cruciate sulcus. It receives fibres from the three auditory areas AI, AII and Ep, as well as from Ea and INS. The dorsal part of the anterior ectosylvian gyrus (Ea) projects upon SF, AI, and AII. Ea sends few fibres to Ep, and receives relatively dense projections from AI and AII. The anterior sylvian gyrus (INS) projects heavily upon AII as well as upon the superficial part of SF. It sends few fibres also to Ep. INS receives heavy projections from AII and relatively lighter connections from SF, AI and Ep. The three auditory areas AI, AII and Ep are strongly mutually interconnected. AI and Ep have scanty projections upon the visual area 19, and AI also to the lateral suprasylvian visual area, as well as upon the ventral bank of the medial cruciate sulcus. Correlations of the association connexions with the functions of each area are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234921
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of reorganization in the hippocampal mossy fiber synapses of adult rats rehabilitated after prolonged undernutrition (1995)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 104 (1995), S. 249-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Undernutrition ; Hippocampal formation ; Mossy fiber-CA3 synapses ; Stereology ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have previously demonstrated that prolonged low-protein diet leads to irreversible cell loss in the hippocampal formation of the adult rat. Because the extent of the resulting hippocampal synaptic alterations is not well characterized, we studied the contacts between mossy fibers and the dendritic excrescences of CA3 pyramidal cells (MF-CA3 synapses) using quantitative methods. Moreover, we investigated whether rehabilitation from undernutrition would influence the morphology of hippocampal synapses. To address these issues, three groups of adult rats were compared: (a) rats fed with a normal diet for 12 months (control rats); (b) rats treated during the same period with low-protein diet (undernourished rats); and (c) rats undernourished for 6 months and then switched to normal diet for 6 months (recovery rats). Timm staining and electron microscopy were employed to estimate the volume of the mossy fiber system and the number and related quantitative features of MF-CA3 synapses. The volume of the suprapyramidal bundle of the mossy fiber system and its total number of synapses were smaller in undernourished rats than in control and recovery animals. These parameters did not differ between the latter two groups. The size of mossy fiber terminals and dendritic excrescences and the surface area of synapses were smaller in undernourished than in control and recovery groups. Conversely, in recovery animals, the volume of the suprapyramidal bundle of the mossy fiber system, the size of mossy fiber terminals and dendritic excrescences, and the total number and surface area of synapses were similar to those of controls. These findings indicate that, following rehabilitation, the pre- and postsynaptic compartments of MF-CA3 synapses undergo structural alterations which compensate for the neuronal loss induced by undernutrition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00242011
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dendritic trees of neurons from the hippocampal formation of protein-deprived adult rats. A quantitative Golgi study (1996)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 109 (1996), S. 419-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Malnutrition ; Hippocampus ; Dendrites ; Degeneration ; Regrowth ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have recently shown that lengthy periods of low-protein feeding of the adult rat lead to deficits in the number of hippocampal granule and pyramidal cells, and in the number of mossy fiber synapses. These findings prompted us to analyze the dendrites of these neurons to evaluate whether, under the same experimental conditions, degenerative and/or plastic changes also take place at the dendritic level. The hippocampal formations from five 8-month-old rats fed a low-protein diet (casein 8%) for 6 months from the age of 2 months and from five age-matched controls were Golgi-impregnated and the morphology of the dendritic trees quantitatively studied. We found that in malnourished animals there was a reduction in the number of dendritic branches in the dentate granule cells and in the apical dendritic arborizations of CA3 pyramidal neurons. In addition, in the dentate granule cells the spine density was markedly increased and the terminal dendritic segments were elongated in malnourished animals. No alterations were found in the apical dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells. The results obtained show that long periods of malnutrition induce marked, although not uniform, changes in the dendritic domain of the hippocampal neurons, which reflect the presence of both degenerating and regrowing mechanisms. These alterations are likely to affect the connectivity pattern of the hippocampal formation and, hence, the activity of the neuronal circuitries in which this region of the brain is involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229626
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence on the internal labor market during a process of rapid economic growth
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Development Economics 6 (1979), S. 261-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-3878
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-3878(79)90015-4
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning, sequencing and expression of stress genes from the ethanol-producing bacterium Zymomonas mobilis: the groESL operon
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Gene 148 (1994), S. 51-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: GroEL ; GroES ; Heat shock ; stress protein
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0378-1119(94)90232-1
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