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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 21 (1980), S. 1923-1924 
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 64 (1977), S. 278-279 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 219 (1978), S. 430-430 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The indications of lingual tonsillectomy are conditioned by the symptoms of the patient. Without symptoms, no operation. If the conservative treatment does not minimize the clinical signs, surgical treatment is indicated. The surgical procedures vary with the degree of hyperplasia from the electrosurgical resection to an operative procedure with a lingual and laryngeal phase and previous tracheotomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Isotopic composition of H2O ; water vapour transport ; stratospheric-tropospheric exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Simultaneous measurements of the three rare isotopes Deuterium (D), Tritium (T), and Oxygen-18 (18O) in water vapour were made for the first time in the vicinity of the northern hemisphere tropopause. In contrast to expectation, high D/H and 18O/16O ratios, but relatively low T/H ratios, were found within the lowermost stratosphere. Since water vapour in the low-latitude upper troposphere shows a similar isotopic signature, we conclude that in the mid-latitudes considerable amounts of tropospheric water vapour are injected into the lowermost stratosphere, probably resulting in a hydration of the lower stratosphere. In addition, T can serve as tracer for precipitation of water containing stratospheric aerosol particles, because the T/H ratio in stratospheric water vapour is orders of magnitude higher than in the upper troposphere. Thus, even a small contribution of water of stratospheric origin should be detectable in the tropopause region. In our measurements performed in the Arctic we did not find isotopic evidence for sedimentation of PSC particles down to the tropopause. This may be caused by the low spatial and temporal coverage of our observations; however, it may also be due to the much weaker wintertime dehydration of the Arctic vortex compared to the Antarctic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Das Verhalten von Sequenzen von Monomereinheiten während der polymeranalogen Reaktion eines Homopolymeren zu einem Copolymeren wird im Hinblick auf Kinetik und Statistik durch Simulation mit einem Digitalrechner untersucht. Drei Grundreaktionen werden angenommen, bei denen die reagierende Monomereinheit in der Kette von keiner, einer oder zwei bereits umgesetzten Monomereinheiten umgeben ist. Die Änderung der Wahrscheinlichkeiten für die Monaden, Diaden, Triaden, Tetraden und Pentaden mit dem Umsatz oder der Zahl der Zufallszahlenereignisse wird in Abhängigkeit von den Wahrscheinlichkeiten für die drei Grundreaktionen ermittelt. Die Sequenzwahrscheinlichkeiten und die Reaktionswahrscheinlichkeiten werden in Zusammenhang mit der Alternierung und Blockartigkeit der Copolymeren diskutiert. Der Zusammenhang zwischen der durch Simulation und der durch eine tatsächliche polymeranaloge Reaktion erhaltenen Kinetik der Sequenzen wird ermittelt. An einer tatsächlichen polymeranalogen Reaktion werden die Verhältnisse der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten durch Anpassung von simulierten Kurven der Triadenwahrscheinlichkeiten an die experimentellen Triadenwahrscheinlichkeiten erhalten. Es wird gezeigt, ß die Statistik der Sequenzen bei einer polymeranalogen Reak-tion im generellen Falle nicht-MARKovscher Art ist. Bedingte Wahrscheinlichkeiten ver-schiedener Ordnung werden berechnet und miteinander verglichen, um die fur eine aus-reichend genaue Berechnung von langeren Sequenzen no twendige niedrigste Ordnung festzustellen.
    Notes: The behavior of sequences of monomer units during the polymer analogous reaction of a homopolymer to a copolymer is investigated with respect to its kinetics and statistics by simulation with a digital computer. Three basic reactions are presupposed with a reacting monomer unit in the chain being surrounded by none, one, or two already reacted units. The change in the probabilities of the monads, diads, triads, tetrads, and pentads with conversion, or with the number of random number events, is recorded in dependence of the probabilities for the three basic reactions. Sequence probabilities and reaction probabilities are discussed in terms of alternation and blockiness of the copolymers. The relation between the kinetics of the sequences obtained by simulation and by an actual polymer analogous reaction is determined. On an actual polymer analogous reaction the ratios of the reaction rate constants are found by fitting computer simulated curves for the triad probabilities to the experimental triad probabilities. The statistics of the sequences is shown to be non-MARKOVian, in general. Conditional probabilities of different orders are calculated and compared with each other to find the lowest order necessary to calculate longer sequences with reasonable accuracy.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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