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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural subtypes of glutamate-immunoreactive terminals on rat trigeminal motoneurones and their relationships with GABA-immunoreactive terminals (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 114 (1997), S. 99-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Synapse ; Axo-axonic synaptic contacts ; Trigeminal motor nucleus ; Immunogold ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Electron-microscopic immunolabelling methods were used to study the relationships between glutamate-immunoreactive and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive synapses on trigeminal motoneurones labelled by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Serial sections were cut through the motor nucleus, alternate sections were incubated with antibodies to glutamate and GABA, and the immunopositive nerve terminal profiles were recognized using a quantitative, postembedding immunogold method. Boutons exhibiting high levels of glutamate immunoreactivity and GABA-immunoreactive boutons both formed axo-dendritic and axo-somatic synaptic contacts on labelled motoneurones. Boutons strongly immunopositive for glutamate were not immunopositive for GABA, and vice versa. Strongly glutamate immunoreactive boutons received axo-axonic synaptic contacts but did not form such contacts, while GABA-immunoreactive boutons formed axo-axonic synapses but did not receive them. The presynaptic elements at all axo-axonic synapses on to glutamate-immunoreactive boutons sampled were GABA-immunopositive. These data provide ultrastructural evidence in support of the roles of glutamate and GABA as transmitters at synapses on trigeminal motoneurones, and for presynaptic control of transmission at glutamatergic synapses by GABA acting at receptors at axo-axonic synapses. The vast majority (more than 90%) of strongly glutamate immunoreactive boutons contained spherical synaptic vesicles, in contrast to GABA-immunoreactive boutons, which contained pleomorphic vesicles. Most of the glutamate-immunoreactive boutons (67%) formed asymmetrical synaptic active zones, many of which (47% of total) were associated with subsynaptic dense ”Taxi” bodies (T-terminals), while a smaller population of boutons (21%) formed symmetrical synapses, and a few (11%) made synapses associated with subsynaptic cisternae (C-terminals). The heterogeneity of active zone ultrastructure of boutons identified as being glutamatergic on the basis of their high levels of immunolabelling is discussed in relation to possible differences in co-transmitters released, origins of the synaptic input or post-synaptic receptor subtypes activated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005627
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CGRP in Brain Stem Motoneurons (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 657 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb22799.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of protein A-coated colloidal gold particles for immunoelectronmicroscopic localization of ACTH on ultrathin sections (1979)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 60 (1979), S. 317-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary ACTH was localized in dissociated porcine adenohypophysial cells using a novel indirect EM immunocytochemical technique. Incubation of ultrathin resin sections in anti-ACTH was followed by incubation with protein A-coated colloidal gold particles. Protein A binds specifically to the Fc part of the IgG molecule, and thus the ACTH-containing secretory granules became labelled with electron-dense gold particles. With this method, the dissociated porcine ACTH cell was identified as containing numerous round or ovoid 170–300 nm, secretory granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500659
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circadian changes in prolactin cell activity in the pituitary of the teleost Poecilia latipinna in freshwater (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 165 (1976), S. 267-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prolactin cell ; Poecilia latipinna ; Circadian changes ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Quantitative morphometric studies with the electron microscope were made on the prolactin cells of wild freshwater sailfin mollies taken in Florida in August at four different times of day. The results indicate a circadian rhythm in the prolactin cell, the period of highest synthetic activity being from midday to evening, as indicated by the condition of nucleus, Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and by the incidence of granule release profiles. No circadian changes were detected in the ACTH cells. Several distinct sites of prolactin granule release were recognised. However, there was no conclusive evidence of granule release by any mechanism other than classical exocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226664
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical investigation of forebrain control by somatostatin of the pituitary in the teleost Poecilia latipinna (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 242 (1985), S. 115-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Brain ; Pituitary ; Teleost fish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An extensive system of somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons has been localized in the forebrain and pituitary of the molly (Poecilia latipinna), using the unlabelled antibody immunocytochemical method. In the hypothalamus, reactive perikarya were scattered throughout the parvocellular divisions of the preoptic nucleus. These cells were smaller in size and more ventral in position than those which stained with antisera to the neurohypophysial hormones, vasotocin and isotocin. A few very small somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were observed in the tuberal region and in the nuclei of the lateral and posterior recesses — areas which were rich in somatostatin-immunoreactive fibres. Somatostatin cells were also found in a small area of the ventral thalamus, mainly in the dorsolateral nucleus. Some of these neurons were large and multipolar, and appeared to form tracts of fibres into the posterior hypothalamus. In the telencephalon there were a few stained cells in the ventral area, with a complex pattern of fibres occurring in parts of the dorsal area. Somatostatin-immunoreactivity was intense in the central and posterior neurohypophysis, and particularly in its finger-like projections into the proximal pars distalis, around groups of growth hormone cells. Examination of material from fishes under various experimental conditions provided evidence for the somatostatin fibres originating from the preoptic neurons being involved in the control of growth hormone secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225569
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative ultrastructural evidence of alterations in prolactin secretion related to external salinity in a teleost fish (Poecilia latipinna) (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 185 (1977), S. 129-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prolactin cells ; Adenohypophysis ; Teleost (Poecilia latipinna) ; Salinity ; Morphometry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Quantitative ultrastructural morphometric studies were made on the prolactin cells of Poecilia latipinna adapted to freshwater (FW), one-third seawater (1/3 SW) and full-strength seawater (SW), and at various times after transfers between 1/3 SW and FW. In fully-adapted fish the rates of prolactin (PRL) synthesis and PRL release are inversely related to environmental salinity. During adaptation to a new salinity the two rates are temporarily uncoordinated, with release increasing or decreasing more readily than synthesis. Synthesis appears to take 30 h or longer to come into balance with the increased release rate following transfer from 1/3 SW to FW, and 72 h or longer to adjust to the reduction in release rate that follows the reverse transfer. The excess PRL granules that accumulate in the latter situation appear to be removed by lysosomal digestion. As in other teleosts, in fish adapted to the external medium the size of the stored PRL granules is inversely related to external salinity, but this relationship breaks down during adaptation to a new salinity. The stellate cells which penetrate between the PRL cells are more prominent, more extensively ramified, and appear more metabolically active in FW-adapted fish than in the other groups. These cells seem to be closely related in function to the secretory activity of the PRL cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226674
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the neurohypophysis of the teleost Poecilia latipinna in relation to neural control of the adenohypophysial cells (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 185 (1977), S. 409-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurohypophysis ; Teleost (Poecilia latipinna) ; Axon types ; Hypothalamic control ; Morphometry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of the neurohypophysis of Poecilia latipinna (green molly, sailfin molly) was studied with the electron microscope. Profile diameters of neurosecretory granules in the non-myelinated neurohypophysial nerve fibres were measured and mathematically corrected for error due to section thickness. Six different types of nerve fibres could be distinguished by statistical classification of their granules and by other ultrastructural features. One fibre-type (type B) contained granules with a mean diameter of 85 nm, and the other five types (types Ala, Alb, A2, A3 and A4) all contained granules with mean diameters greater than 100 nm. Synaptic contacts were observed between type B fibres and all the adenohypophysial cell-types, although in the case of the ACTH cells the synapses were separated from the cell membrane by a continuous double basement membrane. Type A fibres were observed to contact the cells of the proximal pars distalis and pars intermedia, but did not form synapses. However, synapses occurred between type A fibres and pituicytes, and between type A fibres and the pericapillary basement membrane in the interior of the neurohypophysis. The possible roles of the different types of nerve fibres in controlling the adenohypophysial cells are discussed in the context of evidence from other teleosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220300
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