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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MR Spectroscopy: A Powerful Tool for Investigating Brain Function and Neurological Diseases (2000)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 25 (2000), S. 1365-1372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Proton MR spectroscopy ; brain tumors ; multiple sclerosis ; inborn errors of metabolism ; N-acetylaspartate ; review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has attracted much attention in recent years and has become an important tool to study in vivo particular biochemical aspects of brain disorders. Since the proton is the most sensitive stable nucleus for MRS, and since almost all metabolites contain hydrogen atoms, investigation by in vivo 1H MRS provides chemical information on tissue metabolites, thus enabling a non-invasive assessment of changes in brain metabolism underlying several brain diseases. In this review a brief description of the basic principles of MRS is given. Moreover, we provide some explanations on the techniques and technical problems related to the use of 1H MRS in vivo including water suppression, localization, editing, quantitation and interpretation of 1H spectra. Finally, we discuss the more recent advancement in three major areas of neurological diseases: brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, and inborn errors of metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007660632520
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Levels and uptake of taurine in various brain regions after druginduced generalized convulsions (1979)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 4 (1979), S. 457-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a study of the role of taurine in the genesis of epilepsy the effects of metrazol-induced convulsions on the uptake and distribution of taurine in the brain were measured.In vivo we found no significant uptake of taurine in the mouse brain; in rabbit brain in most areas significant taurine uptake was found. The physiological levels of taurine were much higher in mouse brain than in rabbit brain.In vivo the regional levels and the uptake of taurine were not significantly changed after generalized convulsions. Uptakein vivo was lowered in slices obtained from mice treated with metrazol. The lack of effect of metrazol convulsions on cerebral taurinein vivo indicates that further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between taurine, a putative inhibitory transmitter, and epilepsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00964640
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect ofl-dopa treatment on cerebral amino acid levels in rats after portocaval anastomosis (1981)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 6 (1981), S. 649-658 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract l-Dopa therapy has been suggested as effective in the reversal of hepatic coma both in humans and in animals. Beneficial effects have been reported also in chronic hepatic encephalopathy. There are many possible mechanisms through whichl-dopa could ameliorate this pathological state. The present study was carried out to clarify whether thel-dopa effect could be mediated through an improvement of the brain neutral amino acid patterns, since it competes for the same transport carrier at the blood-brain barrier. A first group of rats was orally administeredl-dopa (10 mg/100 g body weight daily) for 1 month following portocaval anastomosis. A second group was intraperitoneally injected (1.5 mg/100 g body weight daily) for 1 week, a month after portocaval shunt. Amino acid levels were determined in plasma and in four cerebral regions. No beneficial effects were observed clinically (in general condition, body weight, or hypertonic posture) in rats receivingl-dopa compared to controls. The large increase of tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine, and glutamine that occurs in the cerebral tissue after portocaval shunt was also not affected byl-dopa administrations. In conclusion, in this experimental condition we had no clinical improvement in shunted animals receivingl-dopa. Moreover, this compound did not seem to influence the pathological increase of aromatic amino acids in the brain, which is considered to play an important role in hepatic encephalopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00963881
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of some anticonvulsant drugs on brain GABA level and GAD and GABA-T activities (1984)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 9 (1984), S. 225-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of anticonvulsant drugs was examined on brain GABA levels and GAD and GABA-T activities. The level of GABA was increased by the treatment with diphenylhydantoin. The drug had no effect on GABA-T activity, whereas GAD activity was inhibited. Carbamazepine increased the GABA level but did not effect GAD and GABA-T activities. Diazepam had no effect on GABA level and GAD activity, whereas it caused a slight inhibition of GABA-T activity. Phenobarbital administration decreased GABA level only at the higher concentration. Clonazepam effected only GAD activity. Some anticonvulsant drugs generally increase brain GABA level; however the lack of correlation with an effect on the GAD and GABA-T activities indicate that other factors than metabolism, such as membrane transport processes, are involved in the mechanism of action of anticonvulsant drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00964170
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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