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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leucoencephalopathy with multinucleated giant cells containing human immune deficiency virus-like particles and multiple opportunistic cerebral infections in one patient with AIDS (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 73 (1987), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) ; Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) ; Cerebral toxoplasmosis ; Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy ; Papovavirus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 29-year-old homosexual male with AIDS presented with progressive encephalopathy and cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia. Neuropathological examination revealed toxoplasma abcesses in corpus callosum, basal ganglia and cerebellar white matter; demyelinating foci in the parietal white matter, with microscopic changes typical of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy and intranuclear papovavirus inclusions in oligodendrocytes; and lesions of subacute encephalitis in the periventricular regions with large cells positive by immunostaining for CMV. Diffuse myelin loss was observed in the cerebral white matter. Multinucleated giant cells were numerous in the demyelinated areas, they were also observed in close relationship with papova, CMV and Toxoplasma lesions. Immunostaining of these cells was positive for histiocyte markers and negative with the leucocyte common antigen monoclonal antibody. Some of them contained virus-like particles measuring around 100 nm similar to human immune deficiency virus (HIV) as observed in human brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695508
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Almitrine neuropathy (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 73 (1987), S. 202-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Almitrine ; Toxic neuropathy ; Peroncal nerve morphometry ; Micro-angiopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report the quantitative and qualitative, light and electron microscopic studies, including teased fiber preparations of nerve biopsies obtained from eight patients, treated with almitrine, presenting with the characteristic association of a sensory peripheral neuropathy with a recent body weight loss. The data were consistent with (1) an axonal damage affecting (a) myelinated fibers, predominantly large ones and (b) to a lesser degree unmyelinated fibers, (2) some degree of segmental demyelination. Marked axonal regeneration was observed when the nerve biopsy was delayed after withdrawal of the drug, Microangiopathy secondary to the formation of concentric lamellae from the basement membrane was observed in five patients suffering from chronic hypoxemia. Almitrine is an agonist of the chemoreceptors. The pathogenesis of the toxic neuropathy induced by this compound remains obscure. Clinical features do not fit with a purely hypoxic mechanism at the origin of the neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693790
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute varicella-zoster virus ventriculitis and mengingo-myelo-radiculitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 86 (1993), S. 659-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ; Varicella-zoster virus ; Vasculopathy ; Ventriculitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 30-year-old AIDS patient with no history of cutaneous eruption, presented with rapidly progressive flaccid paraplegia, hypoesthesia, urinary retention, moderate psychomotor slowing and fever (39.8°C), leading to death within 1 week. CD4 count was 290/mm3. Cerebrospinal fluid contained 210 white blood cells and 238 mg/100 ml protein. Neuropathology revealed HIV encephalitis and diffuse ventriculitis with Cowdry type A inclusions in the ependymal cells. Extensive necrotic and hemorrhagic changes with marked recrotizing vasculitis involved the entire spinal cord and spinal roots. Immunocytochemistry revealed numerous inclusion bodies positive for varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and negative for cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, in ependymal cells, subpial glial cells, endothelial cells and Schwann cells. Electron microscopy confirmed herpes virus-like particles. In situ hybridization confirmed VZV genome in leptomeninges, brain, spinal cord and spinal roots. Comparable neuropathological findings and numerous VZV inclusion bodies were also found in the brain, spinal cord, and spinal roots of a 40-year-old AIDS patient who died from a fulminant ascending myeloradiculopathy previously reported as “necrotizing vasculitis of the nervous system”. Direct infection of the brain by VZV, in AIDS patients, has been shown to cause leukoencephalitis and cerebral non-inflammatory vasculopathies. Our observations demonstrate that, in AIDS patients, VZV infection of the central nervous system may also be responsible for meningo-myelo-radiculitis possibly secondary to ventriculitis as in CMV infection. The role of VZV in the pathogenesis of some AIDS-related vasculitides seems also very likely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294307
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monstrocellular heavily lipidized malignant glioma (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 69 (1986), S. 28-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Monstrocellular brain tumor ; Malignant glioma ; Foamy cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A man of 32 years was admitted with a 3-month history of temporal lobe epilepsy. CT-Scan showed a well-circumscribed area of heterogenous contrast enhancement in the right temporal lobe. Gross total resection was performed but the tumor recurred: the patient died 6 months after the onset of symptoms. There was no autopsy. Histology revealed a highly pleomorphic neoplasm with extensive zones of necrosis. Monster cells, up to several hundred micrometers in diameter, with multiple and/or multilobed nuclei were numerous and showed emperipolesis for polymorphonuclear, mononuclear, and small tumor cells. Abundant mitoses were observed. Tumor cells of all sizes had ground-glass or vacuolated cytoplasm which obscured their glial nature. GFAP was demonstrated in some neoplastic cells. Reticulin fibers were confined to perivascular areas where mononuclear inflammatory cells were sometimes noted. Vascular proliferation was mild. Electronmicroscopic study revealed that the cytoplasms of the tumor cells contained abundant lipid droplets, numerous mitochondria, and glio-filaments. Such a tumor has been reported recently as “malignant glioma with heavily lipidized tumor cells”. This rare entity, previously reported as xanthosarcoma of the brain, represents a subgroup of primitive monstrocellular cerebral tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687035
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skeletal muscle involvement in human immunodeficiency virus infection (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 81 (1991), S. 496-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: AIDS ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Skeletal muscle ; Immunocytochemistry ; In situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In addition to muscle changes due to peripheral nervous system involvement, primary myopathic changes associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have also been described. We studied seven cases: two had developed an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) four had seroconverted to HIV but were otherwise asymptomatic, one was HIV seronegative when the biopsy was performed and one was biopsied twice. Besides the HIV no other infectious agent was detected. Muscle biopsies showed: (a) muscle fiber necrosis and regeneration; (b) inflammatory changes with moderate perivascular infiltration; and (c) unusual myofibrillary disorganization. Immunocytochemical techniques using anti-HIV monoclonal antibodies showed the presence of the virus in one biopsy. HIV-RNA was detected by in situ hybridization in the same biopsy. With both techniques the HIV was detected in isolated mononuclear cells in the muscle endomysium and not within the muscle fibers. Muscle involvement associated with HIV infection may be related, at least in some cases, to the presence of the virus in interstitial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310129
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In-vitro development of corneal epithelial cells on a new hydrogel for epikeratoplasty (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 571-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This study demonstrates the adhesion and growth of bovine corneal epithelial cells on the surface of a new hydrogel. The hydrogel, containing 78% of water and 22% of AN-69 polymer (poly(acrylonitrile-sodium methallyle sulfonate)), was obtained by phase inversion of polymer–dimethylformamide solution in physiological saline (0.9% NaCl). Experiments were also carried out using hydrogel treated with arginine, human albumin and collagen IV. Covering of hydrogel samples by epithelial cells was completed within ten days, with good cell viability. The epithelial cells spread out and formed a consistent cell layer, confirmed by immunocytochemistry experiments against cytokeratins. Transmission electron micrographs showed numerous desmosomes between cells and the presence of some membrane differentiations at the cell/hydrogel interface. This study suggests therefore that the hydrogel might be suitable for the development of artificial epikeratoplasty grafts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018502915904
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathological findings in three non-japanese patients with the POEMS syndrome (1988)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 413 (1988), S. 357-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: POEMS syndrome ; Peripheral neuropathy ; Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia ; Osteosclerotic myeloma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pathological features of three European patients with plasma cell dyscrasia, osteosclerosis and a multisystem disorder, most frequent in Japan, that includes polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein anti skin changes (POEMS syndrome), are reported. The material was obtained from biopsies (peroneal nerve, lymph node) and general autopsy, including hypophysis, in one case. The most salient findings were: peripheral nerve lesions, including both segmental demyelination and axonal degeneration, with socalled uncompacted myelin lamellae (UML); angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (AFLNH); and non inflammatory vascular changes. Though not specific, it appears that UML and AFLNH may be contributive findings in atypical cases of POEMS syndrome (incomplete forms, lack of underlying malignant plasma cell dyscrasia or circulating monoclonal immunoglobulin). Among the various autopsy findings we emphasize the skin thickening which was secondary to a hyaline sclerosis of the papillary dermis, and the presence in adenohypophysis of numerous cells showing positive reactions with the anti-alpha MSH antibody. Though immunological, vascular and hormonal disturbancies have been implicated at the origin of several manifestations of the disorder, the pathogenesis of the POEMS syndrome remains obsecure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00783029
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatal brain stem encephalitis due to herpes simplex virus type 1 in AIDS (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 243 (1996), S. 491-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900509
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NMDA receptors contribute to the resting discharge of vestibular neurons in the normal and hemilabyrinthectomized guinea pig (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 81 (1990), S. 125-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibular compensation ; NMDA receptors ; Denervation Supersensitivity ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Excitatory amino acids (EAA) like L-Glutamate or L-Aspartate have been suggested to be the neurotransmitters at the synapses between primary vestibular afferents and second-order vestibular neurons. In the first part of our work, we have tested the possibility that EAA receptors are implicated in the control of posture by vestibular nuclei. Normal guinea pigs were implanted with minipumps delivering EAA antagonists in the vestibular nuclei. Their resting posture was monitored during the perfusion by using an X-ray photographic method. Chronic infusion of D-L-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV), a specific antagonist of NMDA receptors, in the vestibular nuclei induced a postural and oculomotor syndrome similar to the one observed following acute vestibular deafferentation. Administration of 6-cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2-3-dione (CNQX), a specific antagonist of kainate and quisqualate receptors, failed to induce any postural syndrome or eye deviation. These results suggest that, under physiological conditions, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, contrary to kainate and quisqualate receptors, are essential for the maintenance of a symmetric posture and of a normal eye position at rest. Previous electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that following unilateral labyrinthectomy the recovery of a resting discharge in the deafferented vestibular nuclei plays a key role in the compensation of postural disorders. In the second part of this study, we have tested whether NMDA receptors could be implicated in this postural recovery. APV minipumps were implanted in hemilabyrinthectomized guinea pigs after complete compensation. A postural decompensation was induced, which occurred after delivery of the same amount of APV which provoked a vestibular syndrome in intact guinea pigs. This result favors the hypothesis that denervation supersensitivity resulting from an increase in either the number and/or the sensitivity of NMDA receptors could be a factor in the recovery of the static syndrome following hemilabyrinthectomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230108
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ueber die Nachweisung fremder Farbstoffe im Wein (1879)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 18 (1879), S. 493-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01345473
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