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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 100 (1974), S. 207-217 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Coryneform Hydrogen Bacteria ; Taxonomical Classification ; Corynebacterium autotrophicum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Recently isolated coryneform hydrogen bacteria were investigated under taxonomical aspects. Strains 7 C, RH 10, and 14 g are characterized by the snapping type of cell division, 68.5 to 69.7% GC content, dl-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall, content of metachromatic granules, weak utilization of sugars and inhibitory effect of citrate. The strains are placed to the group 1—genus Corynebacterium—of the classification of coryneform bacteria of Yamada and Komagata (1972) and the name Corynebacterium autotrophicum sp.nov. is proposed. Strains 11 X and RH 12 are characterized by the bending type of cell division, a GC content of 70.2 and 70.5%, ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall, absence of metachromatic granules, utilization of several sugars and no changes in cell morphology by citrate. The strains have to be placed to group 6 of coryneform bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 101 (1974), S. 221-232 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Isoleucine-Valine-Leucine Biosynthesis ; Regulation of Pathway ; Threonine Deaminase ; Arthrobacter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Arthrobacter Stamm 23 führte die durch Mutation verursachte allosterische Unempfindlichkeit der Threonin-Desaminase zur dereprimierten Bildung der Enzyme im Isoleucin-Valin-Leucin-Biosyntheseweg. Derepression erfolgte auch, wenn Wildtypzellen in Gegenwart von α-Ketobuttersäure inkubiert wurden. In beiden Fällen wurde Isoleucin überproduziert und ins Kulturmedium ausgeschieden. Wie aus Wachstumsexperimenten hervorging, verursachte der Überschuß an α-Ketobuttersäure im Medium primär einen Valin- und Leucin-Mangel, der zu einer vorübergehenden Wachstumshemmung führte. Durch die dereprimierte Bildung der Enzyme im Isoleucin-Valin-Biosyntheseweg konnte die Wachstumshemmung überwunden werden. Der vorübergehende Hemmeffekt der α-Ketobuttersäure ließ sich auf eine Konkurrenz der Substrate am ersten gemeinsamen Enzym im Isoleucin-Valin-Biosyntheseweg, der Acetohydroxysäure-Synthase, zurückführen. Wegen des niedrigen K m-Wertes für α-Ketobuttersäure wird dieses Substrat vom Enzym bevorzugt umgesetzt. Durch gaschromatographische Bestimmungen der Acetoin- und Acetyläthylcarbinol-Bildung in Enzymtests mit variierten Substrat-Konzentrationen konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß relativ geringe Konzentrationen an α-Ketobuttersäure genügen, um die α-Acetolacetat-Bildung vollständig zu unterdrücken. Diese Ergebnisse erklären die durch α-Ketobuttersäure verursachte vorübergehende Wachstumshemmung bei Bakterien.
    Notes: Abstract In Arthrobacter strain 23 the allosteric insensitivity of threonin deaminase caused by mutation resulted in derepressed formation of the enzymes of the isoleucine-valine-leucine pathway. Derepression was also observed, when wild type cells were incubated in the presence of α-oxobutyrate. In both cases isoleucine was overproduced and excreted. As growth experiments indicated the excess of α-oxobutyrate in the medium caused endogenous valine and leucine deficiency and a transient inhibition of growth. Derepressed formation of the isoleucinevaline biosynthetic enzymes resulted in relief of growth inhibition. The transient inhibitory effect of α-oxobutyrate has been traced back to substrate competition at the first enzyme common to the isoleucine and valine pathway, acetohydroxy acid synthase. Due to the low K m of the enzyme for α-oxobutyrate this substrate is preferentially converted. As proven by gaschromatographical measurements of acetoin and acetylethyl carbinol produced in enzyme (acetohydroxy acid synthase) assays with varied substrate concentrations, relatively low concentrations of α-oxobutyrate are able to suppress the formation of α-acetolactate completely. These results explain the transient inhibitory effect of α-oxobutyrate on the growth of bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 75 (1971), S. 312-326 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aus dem neu isolierten Arthrobacter Stamm 23 wurde Threonin-Desaminase 11fach angereichert. Das Enzym ist in einem Isoleucin, Pyridoxalphosphat, EDTA und Dithioerythrit enthaltenden Phosphatpuffer von pH 7,9 bei 4° C mehrere Tage lang ohne Aktivitätsverlust haltbar. Für das Enzym wurden Substratsättigungskurven ermittelt, die in Abwesenheit von Isoleucin hyperbolisch, in Gegenwart des negativen Effectors Isoleucin sigmoid verliefen. Der Hill-Koeffizient von n=1,95 deutet auf zwei substratbindende Zentren am Enzymprotein hin. Isoleucin verändert nur den K m-Wert, beeinflußt aber nicht die maximale Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit des Enzyms. Das Enzym wird nicht nur durch Isoleucin, sondern auch durch Valin, Norvalin, Norleucin und im geringen Maße auch durch Leucin und α-Aminobuttersäure gehemmt. Kurzkettige Aminosäuren wie Alanin oder α-Aminoisobuttersäure hemmen das Enzym auch in hohen Konzentrationen nicht. Die Hemmkinetiken mit Isoleucin, Valin, Norvalin und Norleucin verlaufen sigmoid. Die Hill-Koeffizienten deuten auf zwei Bindungsstellen für alle Inhibitoren hin. Antagonistische Effekte zwischen Isoleucin und Valin oder den anderen negativen Effectoren waren nicht zu beobachten. Aus den kinetischen Daten war weiterhin zu schließen, daß die negativen Effectoren Valin, Norvalin und Norleucin an den gleichen Bindungsstellen des Enzymes angreifen wie Isoleucin. Das Enzym läßt sich durch Entzug seiner Effectoren inaktivieren. Eine Reaktivierung gelingt mit Isoleucin, Valin und Threonin und den möglichen Kombinationen dieser Aminosäuren.
    Notes: Summary Threonine deaminase (l-threonine hydro-lyase [deaminating], EC 4.2.1.16) has been partially purified (11-fold) from Arthrobacter strain 23 isolated recently in this laboratory. The enzyme is rather labile in the crude extract and in the partially purified state; in phosphate buffer pH 7.9 containing isoleucine, pyridoxal phosphate, EDTA and dithiothreitol at 4°C it can be kept for several days without loss of activity. The enzyme yielded substrate saturation curves which were hyperbolic unless the inhibitor isoleucine was present. Sigmoid saturation curves were obtained in the presence of isoleucine. The Hill-coefficient of n=1.95 indicates the enzyme to contain two substrate binding sites. Isoleucine changes the K m-value, but does not influence the maximal reaction velocity of the enzyme. The enzyme is not only inhibited by isoleucine, but also by valine, norvaline, norleucine and at a minor degree by leucine and α-aminobutyric acid. It is not inhibited by alanine or α-amino-isobutyric acid, even at high concentrations. Substrate saturation curves determined in the presence of isoleucine, valine, norvaline, and norleucine are sigmoid. The Hill-coefficients indicate the enzyme to contain two binding sites for the inhibitor. Antagonistic effects between isoleucine and valine or the other negative effectors have not been observed. From the kinetic data it can furthermore be concluded that the same binding sites are used by the negative effectors isoleucine, valine, norvaline, and norleucine. When being deprived of its effectors the enzyme becomes inactivated. A reactivation occurs when the enzyme is incubated in the presence of isoleucine, valine, or threonine or combinations of these amino acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words H-reflex ; Motor units ; Motor evoked potentials ; Motoneuron recruitment ; Transcranial magnetic stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The responses of 34 extensor-carpi-radialis motor units to graded transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electrical stimulation of the radial nerve were investigated in six human subjects. Simultaneously with the recording of the single motor-unit discharges, motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and H-reflexes evoked by the two types of stimulation were recorded by surface electrodes and expressed as a percentage of the maximal motor response (Mmax). Ten motor units were activated in the H-reflex when it was less than 5% of Mmax, but not in the MEP even when it was 15% of Mmax. The opposite was observed for three motor units. Eleven motor units were recruited by both stimuli, but with significantly different recruitment thresholds. Only ten motor units had a threshold similar to TMS and radial nerve stimulation. From these observations, we suggest that caution should be taken when making conclusions regarding motor cortical excitability based on changes in the size of MEPs, even when it is ensured that there are no similar changes in background EMG-activity or H-reflexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
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    Leiden : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman Period. 3 (1972) 7-29 
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  • 6
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    Leiden : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman Period. 4 (1973) 84-86 
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  • 7
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    Leiden : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman Period. 5 (1974) 34-40 
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  • 8
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    Leiden : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman Period. 17 (1986) 212-223 
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  • 9
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    Leiden : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman Period. 17 (1986) 257-259 
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 1 (1980), S. 207-209 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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