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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitosis-specific phosphorylation of histone H3 initiates primarily within pericentromeric heterochromatin during G2 and spreads in an ordered fashion coincident with mitotic chromosome condensation (1997)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 106 (1997), S. 348-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We have generated and characterized a novel site-specific antibody highly specific for the phosphorylated form of the amino-terminus of histone H3 (Ser10). In this study, we used this antibody to examine in detail the relationship between H3 phosphorylation and mitotic chromosome condensation in mammalian cells. Our results extend previous biochemical studies by demonstrating that mitotic phosphorylation of H3 initiates nonrandomly in pericentromeric heterochromatin in late G2 interphase cells. Following initiation, H3 phosphorylation appears to spread throughout the condensing chromatin and is complete in most cell lines just prior to the formation of prophase chromosomes, in which a phosphorylated, but nonmitotic, chromosomal organization is observed. In general, there is a precise spatial and temporal correlation between H3 phosphorylation and initial stages of chromatin condensation. Dephosphorylation of H3 begins in anaphase and is complete immediately prior to detectable chromosome decondensation in telophase cells. We propose that the singular phosphorylation of the amino-terminus of histone H3 may be involved in facilitating two key functions during mitosis: (1) regulate protein-protein interactions to promote binding of trans-acting factors that “drive” chromatin condensation as cells enter M-phase and (2) coordinate chromatin decondensation associated with M-phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004120050256
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RNA polymerase II transcription and the functional organization of the mammalian cell nucleus (1995)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 103 (1995), S. 509-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The study of RNA pol II-mediated transcription regulation has been dominated by molecular biological approaches. Although these methods continue to provide important insights, other approaches are required to insure against an oversimplified view of gene expression. Improvements in EM methods and the development of the confocal light microscope have provided alternative and complementary means of investigating gene regulation. Information on the “context” in which cis-and trans-acting factors operate can be achieved with these techniques. As a result, the spatial compartmentalization of nuclear processes involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional processing has received considerable attention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00355315
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling the 3-D RNA distribution in the Balbiani Ring granule (1994)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 103 (1994), S. 302-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mature Balbiani Ring (BR) granules in situ were stained with the nucleic acid specific stain, osmium ammine-B, recorded by electron spectroscopic imaging and reconstructed by electron microscope tomography to examine the three-dimensional (3-D) distribution of BR heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). The BR2 granules contain ca. 37 kb of mRNA. Reconstructed BR granules were selected to emphasize one of the prevalent conformations seen in the sectioned salivary glands, the en face or “pin-wheel” conformation. A variety of image processing and volume-rendering operations were applied to the set of reconstructed BR granules. Some of the conclusions of this study are the following: (1) RNA distribution is not uniform throughout the granule; (2) RNA is condensed into about ten particles per granule, which all appear to possess approximately the same RNA stain density; (3) heterogeneity exists in the positions and sizes of particles within the various BR granules. These data argue for the folding of a beaded ribbon, consisting of connected particulate condensations of BR mRNA, possessing considerable 3-D flexibility, even in the packaged state. A comparison of this beadedribbon model and a prior folded hnRNP fiber model is also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417877
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fixation-dependent organization of core histones following DNA fluorescent in situ hybridization (1997)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 106 (1997), S. 114-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We have evaluated the effects of different DNA denaturation protocols commonly used in DNA fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments on chromatin structure using indirect immunofluorescence. The use of antibodies to acetylated histones H3 and H4 demonstrates that the different procedures differ considerably in their extent of histone displacement. Procedures involving paraformaldehyde fixation were found to be compatible with the structural preservation of acetylated chromatin organization by indirect immunofluorescence. These results provide a basis for interpreting DNA FISH experiments aimed at determining chromatin organization of individual loci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004120050231
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscope tomography of Balbiani Ring hnRNP substructure (1993)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 102 (1993), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructions, by electron microscope tomography, of selectively stained, contrast enhanced Balbiani Ring (BR) hnRNP granules reveal a complex spatial arrangement of RNA-rich domains. This particulate substructure was examined by volume rendering computer graphics. Modeling the arrangement of RNA-rich domains is made difficult by apparent structural flexibility and/or heterogeneity of composition. Formulation of a consensus 3-D arrangement of RNA-rich domains will require an expanded data base of reconstructed BR granules and the development of new image manipulation and analysis techniques. This study demonstrates the potential for ultra-structural cell biology of combining several new techniques: selective nucleic acid staining, electron spectroscopic imaging to enhance contrast, electron microscope tomography and volume rendering computer graphics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00356031
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RNA polymerase II transcription and the functional organization of the mammalian cell nucleus (1995)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 103 (1995), S. 509-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The study of RNA pol II-mediated transcription regulation has been dominated by molecular biological approaches. Although these methods continue to provide important insights, other approaches are required to insure against an oversimplified view of gene expression. Improvements in EM methods and the development of the confocal light microscope have provided alternative and complementary means of investigating gene regulation. Information on the “context” in which cis- and trans-acting factors operate can be achieved with these techniques. As a result, the spatial compartmentalization of nuclear processes involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional processing has received considerable attention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00355315
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling the 3-D RNA distribution in the Balbiani Ring granule (1994)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 103 (1994), S. 302-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Mature Balbiani Ring (BR) granules in situ were stained with the nucleic acid specific stain, osmium ammine-B, recorded by electron spectroscopic imaging and reconstructed by electron microscope tomography to examine the three-dimensional (3-D) distribution of BR heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). The BR2 granules contain ca. 37 kb of mRNA. Reconstructed BR granules were selected to emphasize one of the prevalent conformations seen in the sectioned salivary glands, the en face or “pin-wheel” conformation. A variety of image processing and volume-rendering operations were applied to the set of reconstructed BR granules. Some of the conclusions of this study are the following: (1) RNA distribution is not uniform throughout the granule; (2) RNA is condensed into about ten particles per granule, which all appear to possess approximately the same RNA stain density; (3) heterogeneity exists in the positions and sizes of particles within the various BR granules. These data argue for the folding of a beaded ribbon, consisting of connected particulate condensations of BR mRNA, possessing considerable 3-D flexibility, even in the packaged state. A comparison of this beaded-ribbon model and a prior folded hnRNP fiber model is also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417877
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eukaryotic transcription complexes (1984)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 62 (1984), S. 97-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Accurate transcription of eukaryotic genes in vitro is preceeded by the assembly of the template DNA into stable DNA-protein complexes. Such complexes have been reported for genes transcribed by each of the three eukaryotic RNA polymerases. DNAase I protection or footprint assays have yielded information as to the sites of protein factor binding. These sites correlate with many of the sequences which have been implicated as promoter elements through analysis of deletion mutants. Stable transcription complexes are also formed in microinjected Xenopus oocytes and such complexes can be shown to exist in vivo in nuclei and chromatin. The propagation of active transcription complexes may prove to be a crucial element in cellular differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223300
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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