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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Newborn screening for HLA markers associated with IDDM: Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 807-812 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; HLA class II alleles ; newborn screening ; autoimmunity.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Autoimmunity causing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) begins in early childhood due to interactions between genes and unknown environmental factors that may be identified through follow-up of a large cohort of genetically susceptible children. Such a cohort has been established using a simple and rapid cord blood screening for HLA alleles. The DRB1 and DQB1 second exon sequences were co-amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and hybridized with single and pooled sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes. Four individual probes were used to detect the susceptibility alleles DRB1*03, DRB1*04, and DQB1*0302 as well as the usually protective DRB1*15/16 (DR2) alleles. In addition, pooled probes allow the distinction of DR3/3 from the DR3/x genotype (where x is neither DR2, 3, nor 4) and DR4/4 from DR4/x. Among 5000 newborns from the general Denver population, we have found the high-risk genotype (DRB1*03/DRB1*04, DQB1*0302) to be present in 2.4 % of non-Hispanic whites, 2.8 % of Hispanics, and 1.6 % of African Americans. The moderate-risk genotypes (DRB1*04, DQB1*0302/DRB1*04, DQB1*0302, DRB1*04, DQB1*0302/x, or DRB1*03/DRB1*03) are present in 17 % of American non-Hispanic whites, 24 % of Hispanics and in 10 % of African Americans. These results demonstrate the feasibility of a large-scale newborn screening for genes associated with IDDM. The ultimate role for such a screening in future routine prediction and prevention of IDDM will depend on the availability of an effective and acceptable form of clinical intervention. [Diabetologia 1996) 39: 807–812]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050514
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HEAT INACTIVATION OF TRYPSIN INHIBITOR IN FRESH GREEN SOYBEANS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF RATS FED THE BEANS (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 45 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fresh green soybeans were heated in boiling water for up to 9 min to destroy trypsin inhibitor (TI) activity. The beans were tested for TI activity and fed to rats to ascertain physiological responses. TI activity was destroyed rapidly; after 1 min, 62.4% was destroyed and after 3 min, 90%. As expected, raw (unheated) beans had an adverse effect on weight gain; however, rats receiving beans from all heating durations exhibited less gain than rats fed casein. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) was 1.20 when rats were fed raw beans. However, PER increased with time of heating such that at 9 min PER was 1.90. Pancreatic hypertrophy occurred only in rats fed raw beans. The liver weighed less in rats fed raw beans than in rats fed heated beans or casein. Lipid content of liver from rats fed raw beans was greater than that from rats fed heated beans or casein. The protein content of liver from rats fed raw beans was lower than that from rats fed heated beans or casein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1980.tb04097.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetically driven, acoustically tracked, translating-ball rheometer for small, opaque samples (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1399-1404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new rheometer has been designed to measure the rheological properties at low Reynolds number of microliter quantities of opaque suspensions. The rheometer uses a falling-ball technique to measure steady-state viscosity and a vertically oscillating, magnetically driven ball for viscoelastic measurements. The motion of the ball is tracked by ultrasound echo location, in which sound waves are transmitted and received by an ultrasound transducer mounted at the base of the tube. Concentrated suspensions of red blood cells are used as opaque test samples. The results obtained are in good agreement with those reported in the literature. The data confirm the fact that a concentrated suspension of red blood cells behaves as a shear thinning material and that the energy stored by the suspension during an oscillatory cycle increases with frequency. Testing of the rheometer is also made by using a Newtonian silicone oil. Viscosity measurements obtained with both the falling- and oscillating-ball methods are consistent and are within 2% of the value of 47.3±0.5 cP given by the Cannon-Fenske viscometer. However, it is found that the oscillating-ball technique gives the largest standard deviation, 6%, as opposed to 2% for the falling-ball technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139676
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular Genetic Manipulation of Mosquito Vectors (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 40 (1995), S. 359-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.40.010195.002043
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of the Sindbis replicon system for expression of LaCrosse virus envelope proteins in mosquito cells (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 143 (1998), S. 1365-1377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  The Sindbis replicon expression system was used to express La Crosse (LAC) virus envelope glycoprotein genes in both mammalian and mosquito cell culture. Replicon expressed LAC proteins had correct molecular mass (Mr) and were antigenically similar to wild type LAC envelope proteins. In addition, LAC G1 and G2 proteins colocalized when expressed from separate constructs in both mammalian and mosquito cells suggesting that they were trafficked through the cell similarly to wild type LAC proteins. A truncated form of the G1 protein was secreted from mosquito cells when expressed alone. The truncated G1 protein was also secreted from mosquito cells when expressed with the G2 protein, but to a lesser extent than when expressed alone, suggesting that the G2 protein sequestered G1 protein intracellularly. The Sindbis replicon system is a powerful tool for the study of LAC virus protein maturation within mosquito cells and mosquitoes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050381
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of the number of full sibling families at an oviposition site using RAPD-PCR markers: applications to the mosquito Aedes aegypti (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 86 (1993), S. 991-1000 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: RAPD-PCR ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Sibling analysis ; Oviposition ; Aedes aegypti
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract There are many species in which groups of individuals encountered in the field are known to consist of mixtures of full-sibling families. We describe a statistical technique, based on the use of random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) markers, that allows for the estimation of the number of families contained in these groups. We test the technique on full-sibling families of the mosquito Aedes aegypti, a species that distributes its eggs among several locations. Mixtures of 10 families with 15 individuals per family were analyzed using 40 RAPD-PCR loci amplified by 5 primers. Our analysis accurately estimated the number of families. The technique was accurate when the number of families was small or when family sizes were small and variable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211052
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genomic stability of La Crosse virus during vertical and horizontal transmission (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 108 (1989), S. 89-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have used ribonuclease T 1 oligonucleotide fingerprint analysis to study genomic stability of La Crosse virus (Bunyaviridae) during vertical and horizontal transmission in the laboratory. No RNA genomic changes were detected in vertebrate cell culture-propagated virus isolated (following ingestion and replication) from the natural host,Aedes triseriatus. Genomic changes were not detected during transovarial passage of the virus through two generations of mosquitoes, nor were changes detected in the genomes of virus isolated from suckling mice that had been fed upon by second generation transovarially-infected mosquitoes. These results demonstrate that despite the well-documented phenomena of rapid nucleotide change in RNA virus genomes under various conditions, the La Crosse virus genome can remain stable during transovarial transmission in the insect host and during transfer between the insect and vertebrate hosts. The evolutionary implications of these results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313746
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