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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: pefloxacin ; cirrhosis ; pharmacokinetics ; ascites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma and ascitic fluid concentrations of pefloxacin in 10 cirrhotic patients and 8 healthy volunteers were determined following administration of a single oral dose of 400 mg. The mean elimination half-life was significantly increased in the patients (29.0 h) compared to in 8 healthy volunteers (12.3 h). In patients, the total plasma clearance (2.71 vs 6.85 l/h) and volume of distribution (1.12 vs 1.67 l/kg) were decreased. Estimated by the ratio of the AUC in peritoneal fluid and plasma, ascitic fluid penetration was 68% after one oral dose, and pronounced accumulation of pefloxacin in ascites was found after repeated doses. Oral pefloxacin would seem to be a convenient and useful treatment of spontaneous, gram-negative, bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis. However, the decreased hepatic metabolism of the drug leads to a marked accumulation in plasma and ascites after repeated doses, and a reduced dose is required in these patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 261-265 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: oflaxacin ; ascitic fluid ; cirrhosis ; drug penetration ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma and ascitic fluid concentrations of ofloxacin were determined in 12 cirrhotic patients after a single dose and repeated 200 mg oral doses. The single dose kinetics were compared to those obtained in 12 healthy volunteers. Mean plasma elimination half-life was 11.6 h in cirrhotics and 7.0 h in controls. Mean total clearance was 2.3 times lower in patients than in controls, due to a significant decrease of renal clearance of the drug, unrelated to creatinine clearance. Mean apparent volume of distribution was 1.2 l/kg in patients and 1.8 l/kg in controls. Estimated by the ratio of AUC in peritoneal fluid and plasma, ascitic fluid penetration was 80% after the first oral dose. Ascitic fluid concentrations equaled corresponding plasma concentrations after 10 h, without pronounced accumulation of ofloxacin in ascites. We may conclude that, in cirrhotic patients with normal serum creatinine, a significant impairment of renal tubular handling of ofloxacin could be observed and led to a delayed elimination half-life of the drug. Because of its broad sprectrum of activity, low side-effect profile, and large ascitic fluid penetration after oral administration, ofloxacin appears to be a new therapeutic approach of severe infections in cirrhotic patients, in particular spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Congenital biliary cyst ; Choledochal duct ; Common bilio-pancreatic duct
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report, in an adult, an asymptomatic association between cystic dilatation of the bile duct (type IV A in Todani’s classification) and anomalous pancreatico-biliary ductal union (APBD) with stones in a long common channel. In APBD, the connection between the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct is located outside the duodenal wall and is therefore not under the influence of the sphincter of Boyden. An abnormally long common channel is in excess of 15 mm. Two types of convergence anomalies are defined according to whether the bile duct opens into the main pancreatic duct (BP) or the main pancreatic duct into the bile duct (PB). In APBD, there is probably a reverse pressure gradient between the bile and pancreatic ducts, with regurgitation of pancreatic juice into the bile duct, repeated attacks of cholangitis, stenosis and cystic dilatation. A long common channel is associated with a higher incidence of carcinoma of the gall bladder or the bile duct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Congenital biliary cyst ; Choledochal duct ; Common bilio-pancreatic duct
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous rapportons, chez l'adulte, une association asymptomatique d'un kyste cholédocien (type IV A de la classification de Todani) et d'une anomalie de la convergence bilio-pancréatique (APBD), avec présence de calculs dans un canal commun long. En présence d'APBD, la réunion entre la voie biliaire principale et le conduit pancréatique se fait en dehors de la paroi duodénale et échappe au contrôle du sphincter hépato-pancréatique. Un canal commun long est considéré comme pathologique s'il est 〉 15 mm. S'il apparît que le canal pancréatique vient se jeter dans la voie biliaire, cette anomalie correspond au type P-B. S'il s'agit du canal cholédocien qui vient se jeter dans la voie pancréatique, l'anomalie est de type B-P. Dans ces anomalies de la convergence bilio-pancréatique, il est probable qu'il existe une inversion du gradient de pression bilio-pancréatique avec reflux de liquide pancréatique dans les voies biliaires engendrant cholangite, sténose et dilatation kystique. Un canal commun bilio-pancréatique long est associé, avec une grande fréquence, un cancer de la vésicule ou des voies biliaires.
    Notes: Summary We report, in an adult, an asymptomatic association between cystic dilatation of the bile duct (type IV A in Todani's classification) and anomalous pancreatico-biliary ductal union (APBD) with stones in a long common channel. In APBD, the connection between the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct is located outside the duodenal wall and is therefore not under the influence of the sphincter of Boyden. An abnormally long common channel is in excess of 15 mm. Two types of convergence anomalies are defined according to whether the bile duct opens into the main pancreatic duct (BP) or the main pancreatic duct into the bile duct (PB). In APBD, there is probably a reverse pressure gradient between the bile and pancreatic ducts, with regurgitation of pancreatic juice into the bile duct, repeated attacks of cholangitis, stenosis and cystic dilatation. A long common channel is associated with a higher incidence of carcinoma of the gall bladder or the bile duct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: polyethylene stents ; malignant biliary stricture ; norfloxacin ; ursodeoxycholic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a prospective randomized multicenter trial that tested the efficacy of combining ursodeoxycholic acid and norfloxacin in the prevention of polyethylene stent clogging in patients with obstructive jaundice due to an unresectable malignancy at the level of the common bile duct. After insertion of a 10-Fr straight polyethylene stent, patients were allocated to receive oral treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid and norfloxacin, or conservative treatment. The primary outcome measure was stent blockage within six months. Thirty-three patients (group I) received ursodeoxycholic acid and norfloxacin, and 29 received conservative treatment (group II). At six months, cumulative stent patency rate did not differ significantly between group I (47 ± 11%, mean ± se, median 149 days) and group II patients (24 ± 10%, mean ± se, median 100 days, P = 0.23, log-rank test). Four stents were clogged by ursodeoxycholic acid. Survival did not differ between the two groups. Combined therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid and norfloxacin failed to improve stent patency. Moreover, ursodeoxycholic acid can cause stent obstruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 26 (1981), S. 860-861 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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