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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dose-related anti-inflammatory/analgesic effects of lornoxicam: A spinal c-Fos protein study in the rat (1998)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 47 (1998), S. 18-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Carrageenan — c-Fos — Dorsal horn — Lornoxicam — Nociception
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory/analgesic effects of lornoxicam in the carrageenan model of inflammatory nociception.¶Material and Methods: Three hours after intraplantar carrageenan (6 mg/150 μl of saline), we assessed the effects of pre-administered lornoxicam (0.1, 0.3, 1, 3 and 9 mg/kg i.v., n = 10 rats for each group) on both the peripheral oedema and number of c-Fos-protein-like immunoreactive (c-Fos-LI) neurons in the lumbar L4-L5 segments, in the awake rat.¶Results: Lornoxicam dose-relatedly reduced both the carrageenan evoked oedema (r = 0.63 and r = 0.53 for paw and ankle diameter respectively; p〈0.001 for both) and total number of spinal c-Fos-LI neurons (r = 0.79; p〈0.001), with the strongest effect corresponding to a 75 ± 2% reduction of the number of c-Fos-LI neurons (p〈0.001) for the highest dose (9 mg/kg), and a 45 ± 3% reduction (p〈0.001) for the low dose of 0.3 mg/kg. Reductions of both the peripheral oedema and spinal c-Fos expression were correlated (r = 0.74 and r = 0.57 for the paw and ankle diameter respectively; p〈0.001 for both).¶Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that lornoxicam reduces in parallel both the carrageenan-evoked oedema and spinal c-Fos expression, with clear evidence for a potent effect of low doses of lornoxicam. Correlated reductions in c-Fos expression and paw oedema suggest a predominantly peripheral site of action of lornoxicam.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050245
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbiological processes in soil organic phosphorus transformations in conventional and biological cropping systems (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 21 (1996), S. 138-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Organic soil P ; Acid phosphatase activity ; Soil microbial biomass ; Organic C mineralization ; Temporal fluctuations ; Farming systems ; P turnover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We studied microbiological processes in organic P transformations in soils cultivated with conventional and biological farming systems during the 13th and 14th year of different cropping systems. The treatments included control, biodynamic, bioorganic, and conventional plots and a mineral fertilization treatment. Different P fractions were investigated using a sequential fractionation method. Labile organic P, extracted by 0.5 M NaHCO3, was not affected by the farming systems. However, residual organic P remaining in the soil at the end of the sequential fractionation procedure showed that the biodynamic treatment, in particular, led to a modification of the composition of organic P. Labile organic P, organic P extractable in 0.1 M NaOH, and total residual P all showed temporal fluctuations. As total residual P consists of more than 70% organic P, it can be assumed that residual organic P contributed to these variations. This result indicates that chemically resistant organic P participates in short-term accumulation and mineralization processes. All biological soil parameters tested in this study showed significant temporal fluctuations, mainly attributed to differences in climatic conditions between years, but possibly also related to the growth cycle of the crop. The higher values of the biological soil parameters in the biodynamic and bioorganic treatments were explained by the greater importance of manure and the different plant protection strategies. The level of phosphatase activity and mineralization of organic C indicated a higher turnover of organic substrates, and thus of organic P, in the biodynamic and bioorganic treatments. Biological parameters were shown to be critical for assessing the significance of organic P in the soil P turnover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335925
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbiological processes in soil organic phosphorus transformations in conventional and biological cropping systems (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 21 (1996), S. 138-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Organic soil P ; Acid phosphatase activity ; Soil microbial biomass ; Organic C mineralization ; Temporal fluctuations ; Farming systems ; P turnover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We studied microbiological processes in organic P transformations in soils cultivated with conventional and biological farming systems during the 13th and 14th year of different cropping systems. The treatments included control, biodynamic, bioorganic, and conventional plots and a mineral fertilization treatment. Different P fractions were investigated using a sequential fractionation method. Labile organic P, extracted by 0.5 M NaHCO3, was not affected by the farming systems. However, residual organic P remaining in the soil at the end of the sequential fractionation procedure showed that the biodynamic treatment, in particular, led to a modification of the composition of organic P. Labile organic P, organic P extractable in 0.1 M NaOH, and total residual P all showed temporal fluctuations. As total residual P consists of more than 70% organic P, it can be assumed that residual organic P contributed to these variations. This result indicates that chemically resistant organic P participates in short-term accumulation and mineralization processes. All biological soil parameters tested in this study showed significant temporal fluctuations, mainly attributed to differences in climatic conditions between years, but possibly also related to the growth cycle of the crop. The higher values of the biological soil parameters in the biodynamic and bioorganic treatments were explained by the greater importance of manure and the different plant protection strategies. The level of phosphatase activity and mineralization of organic C indicated a higher turnover of organic substrates, and thus of organic P, in the biodynamic and bioorganic treatments. Biological parameters were shown to be critical for assessing the significance of organic P in the soil P turnover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335925
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil phosphorus dynamics in cropping systems managed according to conventional and biological agricultural methods (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 16 (1993), S. 111-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Available P ; Isotopic exchange kinetics ; Organic soil P ; Acid phosphatase activity ; Soil microbial biomass ; Farming systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of conventional and biological farming systems on soil P dynamics were studied by measuring some microbiological parameters after 13 years of different cropping systems. The treatments included control, biodynamic, bio-organic, and conventional plots and a mineral fertilizer treatment. The farming systems differed mainly in the form and quantity of nutrients applied and in the plant protection strategies. The results of a sequential fractionation procedure showed that irrespective of the form of P applied, neither 0.5 M NaHCO inf3 sup- nor 0.1 M NaOH-extractable organic P, but only the inorganic fractions, were affected. The residual organic P, not extracted by NaHCO3 or NaOH was increased in the biodynamic and bio-organic plots. The soil microbial biomass (ATP content) and the activity of acid phosphatase were also higher in both biologically managed systems. These results were attributed to the higher quantity of organic C and organic P applied in these systems, but also to the absence of or severe reduction in chemical plant protection. The relationship between acid soil phosphatase and residual organic P was interpreted as an indication that this fraction might be involved in short-term transformations. The measurement of the intensity, quantity, and capacity factors of available soil P using the 32P isotopic exchange kinetic method showed that P could not be the factor limiting crop yield in the biological farming systems. The kinetic parameters describing the ability of P ions to leave the soil solid phase, deduced from isotopic exchange, were significantly higher for the biodynamic treatment than for all other treatments. This result, showing a modification of chemical bonds between P ions and the soil matrix, was explained by the higher Ca and organic matter contents in this system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369411
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of response properties of spinal cord dorsal horn neurones to nonnoxious and noxious stimuli in the spinal rat (1977)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 27 (1977), S. 15-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Spinal cord ; Dorsal horn interneurones ; Pain mechanisms ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electrophysiological properties of neurones in the spinal cord dorsal horn were studied in decerebrated, immobilized spinal rats. Extracellular recordings were performed at the thoraco-lumbar junction level. Each track was systematically located by extracellular injection of pontamine sky blue. According to their responses to mechanical peripheral stimuli, cells were classified in four classes: Class 1 cells: Cells activated only by nonnoxious stimuli. They were divided into — 1A: hair movement and/or touch and 1B: hair movement and/or touch and pressure or pressure only. Class 2 cells: Cells driven by both nonnoxious and noxious stimuli, divided into — 2A: hair movement and/or touch, pressure, pinch and/or pin-prick, and 2B: pressure, pinch and/or pin-prick. Class 3 cells: Cells only activated by noxious stimuli (pinch and/or pin-prick). Class 4 cells: Cells responding to joint movement or pressure on deep tissues. Peripheral transcutaneous or sural nerve stimulation clearly showed that class 1 cells were activated only by A fiber input while 68% of classes 2 and 3 cells received A and C input. Histological examination indicated that cells driven only by noxious input were located either in the deepest part or in the marginal zone (lamina I) of the dorsal horn. Nevertheless, some lamina I cells were also driven by both nonnoxious and noxious stimuli. In addition, there is a great deal of overlap between class 1 and class 2 cells. This fact was confirmed by considering the wide distribution in the dorsal horn of cells receiving A and C input. However, spinal organization of the different classes of cells consists of a preferential distribution rather than a strict lamination. This study indicates that properties of dorsal horn interneurones in the rat have a high degree of similarity with those previously described in other species (cat and monkey).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234822
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence of pain inhibition from midbrain stimulation in the cat (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 20 (1974), S. 32-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Pain ; Analgesia ; Midbrain ; Spinal cord ; Dorsal horn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Midbrain stimulation in chronically implanted, awake cats in the vicinity of dorsal raphe nucleus evoked profound analgesia to peripherally applied noxious stimuli. Analgesia was not accompanied by other obvious sensory or motor deficits. The peripheral field of analgesia sometimes included the entire body and in other cases was restricted to the hindquarters. Analgesia generally outlasted brain stimulation by no more than 10 sec. Stimulation distant from dorsal raphe led to pronounced motor or emotional effects precluding an adequate test of analgesia. In anesthetized cats, effects of midbrain stimulation were studied on evoked activity in dorsal horn lamina 4 and 5 cells. Stimulation of wide regions of midbrain inhibited pain-evoked activity in most lamina 5 cells without affecting responses of most lamina 4 cells. In some lamina 5 cells, midbrain stimulation inhibited responses to noxious but not innocuous stimuli. The possible role of lamina 5 cells in nociception and the possible relationship between analgesia and lamina 5 cell inhibition are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239016
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation of benzene to a polymer after static pressurization to 30 GPa (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 6910-6915 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: After pressurization to 30 GPA, in a diamond anvil cell, benzene transforms, at room temperature, to a white solid which is stable at ambient pressure. We report here the infrared spectroscopy analysis performed under pressure and at ambient conditions. These preliminary results show that the transformation involves an opening of the benzene rings leading to a highly cross-linked polymer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.458278
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metastable ice VII at low temperature and ambient pressure (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 398 (1999), S. 681-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Ice exhibits many solid-state transformations under pressure, and also displays a variety of metastable phases. Most of the high-pressure phases of ice can be recovered at ambient pressure provided that they are first cooled below about 100 K. These ice polymorphs might exist on the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/19480
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional Distribution of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide-, Substance P-, Cholecystokinin-, Met5-Enkephalin-, and Dynorphin A (1–8)-Like Materials in the Spinal Cord and Dorsal Root Ganglia of Adult Rats: Effects of Dorsal Rhizotomy and Neonatal Capsaicin (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 55 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Biochemical mapping of five different peptide-like materials—calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), Met5-enkephalin (ME), cholecystokinin (CCK), and dynorphin A (1–8) (DYN)—was conducted in the dorsal and ventral zones of the spinal cord at the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar levels in 3-month-old rats 10 days after unilateral dorsal rhizotomy at the cervical level (C4-T2) or after neonatal administration of capsaicin (50 mg/kg s.c). In control rats, all peptide-like materials were more abundant in the dorsal than in the ventral zone all along the spinal cord. However, in both zones, absolute concentrations of CGRP, SP, ME, and CCK were significantly higher at the lumbar than at the cervical level. Rhizotomy-induced CGRP depletion (-85%) within the ipsilateral dorsal zone of the cervical cord was more pronounced than that due to neonatal capsaicin (-60%), a finding suggesting that this peptide is contained in both capsaicin-sensitive (mostly unmyelinated) and -insensitive (myelinated) primary afferent fibers. In contrast, similar depletions of SP (-50%) were observed after dorsal rhizotomy and neonatal capsaicin treatment, as expected from the presence of SP only in the capsaicin-sensitive small-diameter primary afferent fibers. Although the other three peptides remained unaffected all along the cord by either intervention, evidence for the existence of capsaicin-insensitive CCKergic primary afferent fibers could be inferred from the increased accumulation of CCK (together with SP and CGRP) in dorsal root ganglia ipsilateral to dorsal root sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb03114.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Vivo Electrochemical Monitoring of Serotonin in Spinal Dorsal Horn with Nafion-Coated Multi-Carbon Fiber Electrodes (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 65 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Biosensors sensitive for in vivo monitoring of serotonin (5-HT) in the CNS by differential normal pulse voltammetry were constructed by coating treated multi-carbon fiber electrodes (mCFEs) with Nafion (N-mCFE). In vitro sensitivities of mCFE and N-mCFE were compared in solutions ranging from 5 nM to 20 µM of uric acid (UA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and 5-HT. The mCFEs were three to seven times less sensitive for 5-HIAA or UA than for 5-HT. Nafion treatment dramatically decreased sensitivity for 5-HIAA and UA of N-mCFEs (∼103 times), whereas it remained in the nanomolar range for 5-HT. In vivo, in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord of anesthetized rats, the monoamine oxidase inhibitor clorgyline (10 mg/kg i.p.) produced a reduction (55 ± 3% at 180 min) of peak 3 of oxidation current (characteristic of 5-hydroxyindoles) monitored with mCFEs, but with N-mCFEs (in this latter case the peak was termed 3N) peak 3N increased to 135 ± 5% at 180 min. The 5-HT release-inducer p-chloroamphetamine (PCA; 6 mg/kg i.p.) induced a slight (12 ± 3% at 150 min) decrease in peak 3 measured with mCFEs, whereas with N-mCFEs PCA induced a rapid increase of peak 3N (137 ± 6% at 90 min). The xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol (10 mg/kg i.p.) produced a decrease (30 ± 3% at 180 min) in peak 3 (mCFEs), but peak 3N (N-mCFEs) was not affected (106% at 180 min). After pretreatment with allopurinol, PCA also produced an increase (135 ± 6% at 90 min) in peak 3N. These in vitro and in vivo data provide evidence for a highly preferential detection of 5-HT versus 5-HIAA and UA by N-mCFEs, which could be used to follow the extracellular 5-HT concentration within very discrete structures throughout the CNS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65031257.x
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