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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 398 (1999), S. 681-684 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Ice exhibits many solid-state transformations under pressure, and also displays a variety of metastable phases. Most of the high-pressure phases of ice can be recovered at ambient pressure provided that they are first cooled below about 100 K. These ice polymorphs might exist on the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Methane hydrate is thought to have been the dominant methane-containing phase in the nebula from which Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and their major moons formed. It accordingly plays an important role in formation models of Titan, Saturn's largest moon. Current understanding assumes that methane ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 1735-1737 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Full structural studies of condensed media under high pressure by neutron powder diffraction have been limited in practice to 2–3 GPa for several decades. This range is in general too small to allow a precise determination of the pressure dependence of atomic coordinates. As a consequence, almost no direct measurements exist, for example, of the pressure dependence of the bond lengths in H2 and the planetary ices. In this letter, a technique is presented which makes it possible to pressurize samples of 35 mm3 volume up to 30 GPa and to collect neutron diffraction patterns in a few hours by time-of-flight techniques. This method provides data which can be treated by Rietveld profile refinement methods, as demonstrated on a sample of D2O ice VII at 26 GPa. This represents a tenfold increase of the pressure range over which refinable neutron diffraction data can be obtained and should have a number of applications in such fields as fundamental physicochemistry, and geo- and planetary sciences. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1188-1190 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Neutron powder diffraction can provide important structural information on hydrogenous compounds which are gases at ambient temperature. For high pressure studies, however, this technique has been seriously limited by the fact that it was impossible (a) to load such gases in large volume devices and (b) to compress them to elevated pressures above some 1 GPa. In this letter we show that, using a previously described pressure cell, a wide range of gaseous samples may be loaded and compressed to ∼10 GPa with standard tungsten carbide anvils. We illustrate the effectiveness of the technique with neutron powder diffraction data recently collected on deuterated ammonia ND3 phase IV, where accurate structural data were obtained after a few hours collection time. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 23 (1990), S. 392-396 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The integrated intensities measured in X-ray single-crystal high-pressure structural studies using a diamond-anvil cell are shown to be reduced substantially when the diamonds diffract at the same setting as the sample – by as much as 50% in some cases. The pressure and wavelength dependence of this process have been studied and also the effect of changing the beam divergence by the use of a synchrotron beam. The consequences for the accuracy of structural information derived from data sets collected at high pressure are considered and a data-collection strategy for detecting and avoiding the effects of diamond diffraction is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 27 (2000), S. 225-233 
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Keywords: Key words Hydrogen bonding ; Neutron diffraction ; Dense hydrous magnesium silicate (DHMS) ; Crystal structure ; High pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  Neutron powder diffraction data of phase A (Mg7Si2O8(OH)6) were collected at ambient pressure and 3.2 GPa (calculated from the compressibility of phase A) from the deuterated compound, and the structure was refined using the Rietveld method. The derived crystal structure implies that hydrogen atoms occupy two distinct sites in phase A, both forming hydrogen bonds of different lengths with the same oxygen atom. This picture is supported by IR spectra, which exhibit two absorption bands at 3400 and 3513 cm−1 corresponding to OH stretching vibrations, and proton NMR spectra, which display two peaks with equal intensities and isotropic chemical shifts of 3.7 and 5 ppm. The D-D distance [D(1)-D(2) distance] at ambient pressure was found to be 2.09 ± 0.02 Å from the neutron diffraction data and 2.09 ± 0.05 Å from the NMR spectra. At 3.2 GPa, there is no statistically significant increase in the O-D interatomic distance while the hydrogen bonding interaction D···O appears to increase for one of the hydrogen sites, D(1), which has the stronger hydrogen bonding interaction compared with the other hydrogen, D(2), at ambient pressure. The O-D bond valences, determined indirectly from the D···O distances were 0.86 and 0.91 at ambient pressure, and 0.83 and 0.90 at 3.2 GPa, for D(1) and D(2), respectively.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  The structures of deuterated pyrochroite, Mn(OD)2 and β−Cο(OD)2 have been refined using the Rietveld method and neutron powder diffraction data collected in an opposed-anvil high pressure (Paris-Edinburgh) cell from room pressure to 9 GPa. The equation of state for Mn(OD)2 was determined (K=41(3) GPa for fixed K′=4.7) and found to be consistent with previous studies of the isostructural brucite, Mg(OD)2. The compressibility of β−Cο(OD)2 on the other hand is apparently anomalous. The c-axis initially decreases at 3 times the rate of decrease of the a-axis; the ratio decreases to about 1.5 at an estimated 6 GPa before increasing again beyond this pressure. There is no obvious corresponding anomaly in the details of the atomic structure. In both materials there is an increase in the D-site disorder with pressure. A split-site model for the D-positions best fits the data at pressures above 8 GPa. There is no statistically significant increase in the O-D interatomic distance at increased pressure while the hydrogen bonding interaction D...O appears to increase as this distance decreases and the O-D...O angle increases. The intramolecular O-D bond valences, determined indirectly from the intermolecular D...O distances, decrease steadily for both materials as pressure is increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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