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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlled force measurements of gingival attachment level made with the Toronto automated probe using electronic guidance (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 17 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Precise reproduction of probe placement, probing force and probing angulation may influence the reliability of replicate gingival attachment level measurements (GAL). Reproducibility of GAL measurements was determined with the Toronto automated periodontal probe (TAPP) in which a novel electronic guidance system was incorporated to improve the precision of probing angulation. Bench testing of forces produced at the probe tip was performed with an electronic balance. Reproducibility and precision of force generation were tested in a variety of instrument configurations using laboratory models. The data indicated that highly precise and reproducible probing forces can be generated with the TAPP over a large (10 to 90 g) probing range. Instrument precision was ±0.27 mm when probing forces of 40–60 g were used. The guidance system provided accurate and reproducible measurements of the probe handle in both roll and pitch axes when compared with precisely machined wedges (R = 0.99, roll; R=0.98, pitch). Deviation of probing angulation greater than 5° on replicate measurements of GAL was associated with significant alterations in the location of circumferential probe placement and in the size of the difference between GAL measurements (ΔGAL). Clinical assessment of probing angulation in 6 patients demonstrated that ΔGAL was 0.40 ± 0.05 mm when probing angulation deviation was less than 5° but increased to 0.96 ± 0.11 mm when deviations exceeded 5°. Taken together, these data indicate that the regulation of probing angulation in clinical measurement of GAL with the TAPP is an important determinant of the reproducibility of periodontal probing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1990.tb01111.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gingival attachment level measurements with an automated periodontal probe (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 14 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The accurate and reproducible measurement of gingival attachment level is essential for studying the progression of periodontitis in human populations. An automated periodontal probe has been developed which measures gingival attachment level using the occlusal or incisal surface of the tooth as a fixed landmark and which transfers data directly to a computer. The probing force is adjustable and is regulated by changing the air pressure. A mercury level switch maintains uniform probe angulation during measurements. The reproducibility of measurements obtained with the automated periodontal probe was examined by making duplicate gingival attachment level measurements at 784 sites in 9 patients 1 week apart and comparing the difference between the paired values. A probing force of 0.30 N was used. There was no significant difference in the frequency distributions of measurement differences between either maxillary versus mandibular teeth or anterior versus posterior teeth. The data demonstrate that this device can be used to measure gingival attachment level without the need for stents or estimation of the level of the cementoenamel junction and that reproducible data can be obtained and automatically stored in a computer for subsequent analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1987.tb02255.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of gingival attachment level measurements with an automated periodontal probe and a pressure-sensitive probe (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 22 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An automated periodontal probe (APP) has been developed which measures gingival attachment level using the occlusal or incisal surface of the tooth as a fixed landmark and which transfers data directly to a computer. To assess the precision of data obtained with the new probe, duplicate measurements of gingival attachment level were made. Differences between paired data (d values) were compared with those obtained with a pressure-sensitive probe (PSP) in order to test the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the distribution of d values between the two probes. Duplicate measurements were made 1 wk apart around 220 teeth in 19 patients using the automated probe and around 218 teeth in 24 patients with the pressure-sensitive probe. A probing force of 0.50 N was used for both probes. Greater than 83% of the d values obtained with the automated probe were less than 0.5 mm. There was no significant difference between the frequency distribution of d values for the automated probe (d = 0.28 ± 0.28 mm) and the pressure-sensitive probe (d = 0.23 ± 0.42 mm). Further, no significant differences between the two different probes were observed in maxillary, mandibular and anterior teeth. The PSP did exhibit slightly fewer d values greater than 1.0 mm for posterior teeth in comparison to the APP (0.9% for PSP, 4.4% for APP). However, d values obtained with the APP exhibited significantly less variance than the PSP for all areas of the mouth (p 〈 0.005). These findings support the null hypothesis that the precision of data obtained with the automated probe is not significantly different from the pressure-sensitive probe. The automated nature of the new probe and its utility in providing rapid, unbiased and precise measurements of gingival attachment level suggest that it would be very useful for the study of the natural history of periodontitis in human populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1987.tb01597.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Bioerodible Polymer Insert for the Controlled Release of Metronidazole (1994)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 11 (1994), S. 1605-1609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: bioerodible association polymer ; metronidazole ; cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) ; Pluronic L101 ; periodontal pocket insert ; controlled drug delivery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This study evaluates a new class of bioerodible polymers as periodontal inserts for the controlled release of metronidazole. The system is based on association polymers formed from compatible blends of cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and a hydrophobic block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene, Pluronic L101. In addition to characterizing these polymers by thermal analysis, their erosion and metronidazole release characteristics were determined both in vitro, and in vivo using a rat model. The results show that increasing the concentration of Pluronic L101 in the blend to 50% and above leads to a sharp reduction in the rates of polymer erosion and metronidazole release. The characteristics of these slowly eroding films are potentially suitable for use as periodontal drug inserts with an effective duration of up to several days. Depending on the blend composition, the mechanism of metronidazole release was found to range from a surface erosion-controlled process to an erosion-modulated diffusion process. In all in vivo experiments, no signs of adverse tissue reactions were detected. Based on these results, prototype delivery inserts were designed and subsequently evaluated in volunteer patients. Preliminary results from this pilot study show that the metronidazole concentration in the gingival crevicular fluid was significant throughout the sampling period of up to 3 hr and remained well above the minimum inhibitory concentration for most periodontal pathogens. In addition, no discomfort or irritation was reported by the test subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018913921956
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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