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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The removal of extracellular calcium: a novel mechanism underlying the recruitment of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in neurotoxicity (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The involvement of NMDA-type glutamate receptor in neuronal injury established in experimental stroke and neurotrauma models has been recently challenged by failures in treatment of stroke/neurotrauma patients with NMDA receptor antagonists. NMDA receptor activity is known to be essential for mediating a multitude of physiological functions. However, how NMDA receptors are recruited to cause neuronal injury remains unclear. Here we report that the time period during which initial NMDA receptor up-regulation occurs is critical for the recruitment of NMDA receptors causing neuronal injury during extracellular calcium (Ca2+) reperfusion in cultured hippocampal neurons, and represents the key period for neuronal protection by NMDA receptor antagonists. Furthermore, we identified that via intracellular sodium (Na+), extracellular Ca2+ depletion induces the up-regulation of NMDA receptor gating. Taken together, our study provides direct experimental evidence suggesting that determination of when and how NMDA receptors are recruited to cause neurotoxicity is essential for guiding treatment via antagonism of NMDA receptor functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.03888.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence versus empiricism: rational use of systemic antimicrobial agents for treatment of periodontitis (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Periodontology 2000 10 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0757
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.1996.tb00067.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of gingival attachment level measurements with an automated periodontal probe and a pressure-sensitive probe (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 22 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An automated periodontal probe (APP) has been developed which measures gingival attachment level using the occlusal or incisal surface of the tooth as a fixed landmark and which transfers data directly to a computer. To assess the precision of data obtained with the new probe, duplicate measurements of gingival attachment level were made. Differences between paired data (d values) were compared with those obtained with a pressure-sensitive probe (PSP) in order to test the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the distribution of d values between the two probes. Duplicate measurements were made 1 wk apart around 220 teeth in 19 patients using the automated probe and around 218 teeth in 24 patients with the pressure-sensitive probe. A probing force of 0.50 N was used for both probes. Greater than 83% of the d values obtained with the automated probe were less than 0.5 mm. There was no significant difference between the frequency distribution of d values for the automated probe (d = 0.28 ± 0.28 mm) and the pressure-sensitive probe (d = 0.23 ± 0.42 mm). Further, no significant differences between the two different probes were observed in maxillary, mandibular and anterior teeth. The PSP did exhibit slightly fewer d values greater than 1.0 mm for posterior teeth in comparison to the APP (0.9% for PSP, 4.4% for APP). However, d values obtained with the APP exhibited significantly less variance than the PSP for all areas of the mouth (p 〈 0.005). These findings support the null hypothesis that the precision of data obtained with the automated probe is not significantly different from the pressure-sensitive probe. The automated nature of the new probe and its utility in providing rapid, unbiased and precise measurements of gingival attachment level suggest that it would be very useful for the study of the natural history of periodontitis in human populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1987.tb01597.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of polymorphonuclear leukocyte collagenase and gelatinase activities in mouthrinse samples: Correlation with periodontal disease activity in adult and juvenile periodontitis (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 25 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In previous studies, elevations in the levels of active and latent collagenase in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) have been correlated positively with periodontal disease activity. To provide a simple diagnostic approach for testing collagenolytic activity, the feasibility of using a 3.0 ml water mouthrinse to collect GCF simultaneously from all sites in the mouth was assessed. Patients with adult periodontitis (AP, n = 23) and local juvenile periodontitis (LJP, n = 7) were sampled before periodontal therapy and some (12 AP, 4 LJP) were also assessed longitudinally after scaling and root planing, administration of antibiotics, and following periodontal surgery. Healthy patients (n = 19) were used as controls. The levels of active collagenase, procollagenase, and collagenase inhibitor activity were determined by functional assays and quantitated after SDS-PAGE and fluorography. Gelatinase and progelatinase were assayed by enzymography on gelatin-substrate gels. Active collagenase levels were found to be significantly higher (14- to 20-fold) in AP and LJP patients compared to controls, whereas matrix metalloproteinase activity was not detected in mouthrinses from edentulous patients. Collagenase inhibitor levels were generally low in all groups of subjects tested. Following clinical treatment the levels of active collagenase and gelatinase were reduced; the reduction was significant for active collagenase after tetracycline treatment and scaling in LJP patients. Of the clinical indices recorded (gingival index, plaque index, and pocket depth) there were no significant correlations with enzyme activity but similar trends were observed between the changes in active collagenase and gingival index. In patients with untreated periodontal disease, collagenase occurred predominantly in the active form. N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and p-aminophenylmercuric acetate (AMPA) were equally effective as activators of the latent collagenase, indicating that the collagenase was derived from PMNs, which were also the source of the gelatinase. The results of these studies indicate that measurement of active collagenase and gelatinase in mouthrinse samples is potentially useful in the diagnosis and assessment of periodontal disease activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1990.tb00914.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymph and interstitial fluid dynamics in labial gingival tissues of sheep (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 31 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lymphatic drainage and circulation in periodontal tissues have been cited as important components of host defence and pathogenic mechanisms, but quantitative data are sparse because of the technical difficulties associated with small animal lymphatic studies. However, the lymphatic vessels draining the periodontal tissues and surrounding region are sufficiently large in sheep to permit surgical placement of lymphatic catheters. Consequently, lymph and recirculating lymphocytes can be continuously collected and this permits the quantitative assessment of local immune responses in these tissues. We have studied the lymphatic drainage pathways from the labial gingival tissues in sheep by two methods. First, in a series of anatomical studies (n=6), a complex of Evan's blue dye and albumin was injected into the labial gingival tissues. One hour after injection the animals were sacrificed and the submandibular and cervical regions were dissected to expose the stained lymphatics. This anatomical study demonstrated 2 major drainage pathways: 1) cervical lymph ducts and; 2) efferent prescapular lymphatics. Secondly, to compare the relative importance of these two drainage pathways, radiolabeled protein (125I-albumin) was injected directly into the gingival tissues and its appearance in the cervical and prescapular lymph was measured (n=7). Despite the technical difficulties encountered in the experiments, data collected showed that over 7.5 h, 64.7% of the injected protein was recovered in the prescapular and cervical lymph vessels (31.8±6.5% and 32.9±8.5%, respectively). In addition, 11.9±2.1% of the injected protein was transported to the blood by routes not involving the cannulated cervical and prescapular lymph vessels. With most of the remaining radiolabeled protein (17.9±4.9%) recovered from the injection site, we were able to account for approximately 95% of the injected protein. This study suggests that the lymph drainage from this region in the sheep model could provide one of the best described closed and contained systems and thus, could be a useful system for future continous monitoring of inflammatory responses during experimental periodontal diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00522.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of fibroblast subpopulations in periodontal physiology and pathology (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 26 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fibroblasts are the principal cell type in the soft connective tissues of the periodontium; they perform important functions in development, physiology, and disease. A growing number of reports have indicated site-specific phenotypic variation of fibroblasts. Heterogeneity of metabolic traits has been demonstrated in cells from healthy and diseased tissues. The tissue distribution and relative proportions of fibroblast subpopulations have a significant impact on the regulation of connective tissue function in health and disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1991.tb01638.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The periodontal ligament: a unique, multifunctional connective tissue (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Periodontology 2000 13 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0757
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00094.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of physical forces in regulating the form and function of the periodontal ligament (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Periodontology 2000 24 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0757
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0757.2000.2240104.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue engineering: a new paradigm for periodontal regeneration based on molecular and cell biology (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Periodontology 2000 24 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0757
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0757.2000.2240113.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship of cellular proliferation to expression of osteopontin and bone sialoprotein in regenerating rat periodontium (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 285 (1996), S. 491-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Periodontium ; Osteopontin ; Bone sialoprotein ; Cell proliferation ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Cellular repopulation was studied in a model in which adjacent mineralising and soft connective tissue matrices are regenerated. Window wounds were created through alveolar bone, with either preservation or removal of periodontal ligament, in 30 male Wistar rats. Three animals per time period were killed on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 after surgery for each wound type. Cellular proliferation in alveolar bone and periodontal ligament was assessed by 3H-thymidine labelling 1 h before death, followed by radioautographic analysis. Cellular differentiation was determined by the temporal expression of the bone-related markers osteopontin and bone sialoprotein, using immunohistochemical methods. In regenerating periodontium, osteopontin was expressed earlier than bone sialoprotein, which was restricted to alveolar bone. After wounding, transient expression of osteopontin was detected in the periodontal ligament at days 1 and 3. In general, wounding induced fivefold higher proliferation and clonal growth of periodontal ligament cells compared to the unwounded (control) side. Combined immunostaining and radioautography demonstrated colocalisation of osteopontin in sites with high numbers of labelled cells in both nascent periodontal ligament and regenerating alveolar bone at days 3 and 7. In contrast, bone sialoprotein, which appeared in regenerating alveolar bone on days 14–28 after wounding, was expressed much later than the peak of cellular proliferation. We conclude that (1) the intact periodontal ligament influences cell proliferation and osteopontin expression; (2) osteopontin is an early marker of periodontal tissue regeneration that is temporally and spatially associated with intensive cell proliferation and migration in osteogenic and periodontal ligament cell populations; and (3) bone sialoprotein is expressed after proliferation at sites of mineralising bone formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050665
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