Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 106-108 (1973), S. 1041-1043 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ozone measurements aboard commercial airliners over Scandinavia and on transpolar flights were analyzed for tropospheric ozone concentration. The results confirm a region of enhanced stratospheric-tropospheric exchange around 60° latitude which was expected from Sr-90 fallout measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 57 (1987), S. 341-347 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The bootstrap method, due to Bradley Efron, is a powerful, general method for estimating a variance or standard deviation by repeatedly resampling the given set of experimental data. The method is applied here to the problem of estimating the standard deviation of the estimated midpoint and spread of a sensory-performance function based on data sets comprising 15–25 trials. The performance of the bootstrap estimator was assessed in Monte Carlo studies against another general estimator obtained by the classical “combination-of-observations” or incremental method. The bootstrap method proved clearly superior to the incremental method, yielding much smaller percentage biases and much greater efficiencies. Its use in the analysis of sensory-performance data may be particularly appropriate when traditional asymptotic procedures, including the probittransformation approach, become unreliable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 12 (1964), S. 131-151 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary After a clinical review of the frequency of the so-called “central” acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage and of the multiplicity of its causative factors, attention is drawn to the fact that acute haemorrhages in the gastro-intestinal tract are often associated with lesions of the lungs. Experimental investigations have shown that with the acute gastro-intestinal haemorrhages after brain injury one is dealing not so much with a specific “neurogenic” mechanism as with a generalised “shock syndrome”. Following different injuries to the central nervous system not only do haemorrhages in the mucosa of the gastro-intestinal tract result, but in addition there is in every case acute haemorrhagic lung oedema which apparently develops beforehand. The hypothesis is put forward that the haemorrhagic lung oedema may be the cause of the gastro-intestinal haemorrhage. Apparently, during the peripheral vasoconstriction in normo-volaemic neurogenic shock, overloading of the pulmonary circulation occurs which leads to haemorrhages in the alveoli. The haemorrhagic lung oedema reaches such proportions that all the lobes of the lung are flooded with blood and the animal appears “to suffocate in its own blood”. The consequent reduction in the effective area of the respiratory epithelium leads to hypoxaemia which in our view provides the basis for the acute gastro-intestinal haemorrhage. Submucosal haemorrhages which develop simultaneously in the trachea, endocardium and in other viscera, emphasise the severity of the generalised shock syndrome. The therapeutic consequence of the animal experiments is that in addition to maintaining a free air-way, one should reduce the peripheral vasoconstriction and thus enlarge the active circulatory area. By these means, haemorrhagic lung oedema should occur less frequently. The early diagnosis of pulmonary oedema should be of particular interest because it is concerned with the acute gastro-intestinal haemorrhage (which often occurs as the first clinical symptom) and with irreversible organ changes in shock.
    Abstract: Résumé Après une revue clinique de la fréquence de l'hémorragie gastro-intestinale aiguë appelée aussi «centrale» et de la multiplicité des facteurs responsables, l'attention est attirée sur le fait que les hémorragies gastro-intestinales aiguës sont souvent associées à des lésions des poumons. Des investigations expérimentales ont montré que les hémorragies gastro-intestinales aiguës, survenant après lésion du cerveau, ne sont pas le plus souvent en rapport avec un mécanisme «neurogénique» spécifique, mais bien avec un syndrome de choc «généralisé». Dans diverses lésions du système nerveux central, il survient non seulement des hémorragies de la muqueuse gastro-intestinale mais aussi, dans chaque cas, hémorragie aiguë du poumon qui apparemment se développe avant. On émet l'hypothèse que l'oedème du poumon hémorragique est à l'origine d'une hémorragie gastro-intestinale secondaire. Apparemment, pendant la vasoconstriction périphérique dans un choc neurogénique, il survient une surcharge de la circulation pulmonaire qui conduit à des hémorragies dans les alvéoles. L'oedème du poumon hémorragique atteint de telles proportions que tous les lobes sont inondés de sang; «l'animal apparaît comme noyé dans son propre sangra. La réduction consécutive de la surface effective de l'épithélium respiratoire conduit à une hypoxémie qui, à notre avis, est à la base de l'hémorragie gastro-intestinale aiguë. Les hémorragies submuqueuses qui se développent simultanément dans la trachée, l'endocarde et les autres viscères, amplifient la gravité du syndrome de choc généralisé. La conséquence thérapeutique des expériences faites sur des animaux est qu'en maintenant un «libre passage d'air» on peut réduire la vasoconstriction périphérique et élargir ainsi la surface circulatoire active. De cette façon-là, l'oedème hémorragique du poumon sera moins fréquent. Le diagnostic précoce d'un oedème du poumon sera d'un intérêt tout particulier parce qu'il est en rapport avec l'hémorragie gastro-intestinale aiguë (souvent premier symptôme clinique) qui, de façon irréversible, se transforme en choc.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach einem klinischen Überblick über die Häufigkeit der sogenannten „zentralen“ akuten Magen-Darmblutungen und über die Vielgestaltigkeit ihrer auslösenden Faktoren wird darauf hingewiesen, daß die akuten Blutungen aus dem Magen-Darmtrakt oft mit Erkrankungen der Lunge vergesellschaftet sind. Die experimentellen Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, daß es sich bei den akuten Magen-Darmblutungen nach Hirnschädigungen nicht so sehr um einen besonderen „neurogenen“ Mechanismus, sondern um ein generalisiertes „Schocksyndrom“ handelt. Nach verschiedenen Schädigungen des ZNS ist es nicht nur zu Schleimhautblutungen im Magen-Darmtrakt gekommen, sondern in jedem Falle auch zum akuten hämorrhagischen Lungenödem, das scheinbar vor diesen aufgetreten ist. Es wurde die Vermutung ausgesprochen, daß das hämorrhagische Lungenödem eine Voraussetzung der akuten Magen-Darmblutungen ist. Wahrscheinlich kommt es durch eine Kreislaufzentralisation im normovolämischen, neurogenen Schock zu einer Überfüllung des Lungenkreislaufes und Blutaustritten in die Alveolen. Das hämorrhagische Lungenödem erreicht solche Maße, daß alle Lungenlappen von Blut geradezu überschwemmt werden und das Tier „im eigenen Blut zu ersticken“ scheint. Die folgende Einschränkung der Atemfläche führt zu einer Hypoxydose, die unserer Auffassung nach erst zu den akuten Magen-Darmblutungen Anlaß geben. Die gleichzeitig auftretenden Schleimhautblutungen in der Trachea, Endocard und anderen inneren Organen bestätigen das vermutete generalisierte Schocksyndrom. Die therapeutische Konsequenz aus den Tierversuchen ist neben der Freihaltung der Atemwege, die Abschwächung der Kreislaufzentralisation und damit Entlastung des kleinen Kreislaufes. Das hämorrhagische Lungenödem soll dadurch verhindert werden. Die Frühdiagnose des Lungenödems wäre von besonderem Interesse, weil es sich bei den akuten Magen-Darmblutungen, die oft als erstes Hinisches Symptom auftreten, um irreversible Organveränderungen im Schock handelt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 1 (1950), S. 232-262 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This paper gives indications and explanations of an operative case (the first of this kind) with a cerebral disorder of the visual field. 1. A now 15 years old boy had had a perforating scar in the right occipital pole at the age of 6 months. He was operated in 1948 on account of frequent epileptic attacks. Before the operation there had existed a strabism of the controlateral eye (left) and, only on the left eye, a total central scotoma. There was no real hemianopsia (only a bilateral contraction of the visual field). With the first operation the scar was removed; the visual field remained unchanged. With the second operation, the greatest part of the right occipital lobe was removed (about two-thirds of the cortex). Then a hemianopsia to the left followed, which, however, regressed. At the same time the left central scotoma diminished. The patient was free of epileptic attacks. 2. According to the report and improvement, it may be supposed that the fixation-disorder in childhood had hindered or reduced the formation of the double mechanism of the central vision, together with a collaboration of the cortex on both sides. The central projective system, which is of thalamic-commissural origin, was disturbed since childhood. It can be compared with the report of W. His, according to whom the median cerebral cortex sends, through the thalamic pathways, commissural fibres through the corpus callosum, as a first efferent system. This projective system was destroyed for the right occipital pole, whereas for the left one the development was intact. 3. The particularities of the report partly differ, depending if one supposes the existence of a „crossed macular pathway“ (Heine, R. Lenz, R. A. Pfeifer, O. Foerster) or not (Bender and other American authors). The explanation is much simpler, if one eliminates the existence of a crossed macular pathway. In this case one comes nearer to Kleist's opinion of separate recepter-layers for the fibres of visual radiations, respectively in correspondence with the homolateral or controlateral eye. This opinion is upheld by our and other authors' reports. 4. At any rate, the result shows that two things have to be taken into consideration for the projection at the retina on the cortex: A projective system (geniculatum, visual radiations and their receptors in the striated area), and a projective system with thalamo-commissural relations. The theory of this projective system is reported in this paper.
    Abstract: Résumé Rapport et explication d'un cas neuro-chirurgical de trouble visuel d'origine cérébrale lequel n'a pas de précédent. 1. Le patient âgé de 15 ans eut une cicatrice du pôle du lobe occipital droit consécutive à une blessure pénétrante par suite d'une chute à l'âge de 6 mois. En 1948, il fut opéré en raison de crises épileptiques accumulées. Avant l'opération, le malade présenta un strabisme de l'oeil gauche c'està-dire de celui au côté de la lésion cérébrale, et un grand scotome central exclusivement opposé de l'oeil gauche. Il n'y avait pas de vraie hémianopsie, mais seulement un rétrécissement du champ visuel bilatéral. La cicatrice excisée, le trouble du champ visuel resta inchangé. Lors de la seconde opération, la plupart du lobe occipital droit (les 2 tiers polaires de l'écorce occipitale à peu près) fut éliminée. Il en résulta une hémianopsie homonyme gauche qui, toutefois, céda; en même temps, le scotome central s'amoindrit. Les crises épileptiques cessèrent. 2. En interprêtant le trouble fonctionnel précité et sa disparition, les auteurs partent de la supposition que le mécanisme de la représentation bilatérale de la vue centrale (assuré par la collaboration des lobes occipitaux) ait manqué de se développer ou qu'il ait été anéanti par suite du trouble de fixation existant dès la première enfance. De cette façon, une fonction projectante cérébrale d'origine thalamo-commissurale et pouvant être comparée une observation de His fut troublée dès la première enfance His prétend que le segment médian de l'écorce cérébrale où finit le faisceau fondamental thalamique, est le premier système efférent à envoyer des fibres commissurales à travers le corpus callosum. Dans notre cas, cette fonction projectante fut anéantie au regard du pôle occipital droit mais elle resta normalement développée du côté gauche. 3. Quant aux détails, l'interprétation est en partie différente selon que l'on admet l'existence d'un „faisceau maculaire croisé“ (Heine, R. Lenz, R. A. Pfeifer, O. Foerster) ou non (Bender et d'autres auteurs américains). Dans le dernier cas. elle devient beaucoup plus simple et touche à la conception de Kleist qui admet des couches réceptrices séparées pour les fibres de la radiation optique en dépendance de l'oeil ipsilatéral resp. de celui contrelatéral. Pour appuyer leur hypothèse, les auteurs recourent à quelques observations personnelles et celles des autres chercheurs. 4. En tout cas, il en résulte que, pour expliquer la projection point-à-point de la rétine à l'écorce occipitale, il faut envisager 2 systèmes, l'un projecté (corpus geniculatum. radiation optique et ses récepteurs dans l'aire striée), l'autre projectant aux rapports thalamo-commissuraux. La théorie du système projectant est rapporté dans le présent travail.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über einen operativen Fall mit einem bisher einmaligen Befund cerebral bedingter Sehstörung und geben eine Deutung derselben. 1. Ein 15jähriger Junge hatte im Alter von 6 Monaten durch Sturz eine perforierende Narbe im rechten Hinterhauptpol sich zugezogen. Er kam im Jahre 1948 wegen gehäufter epileptischer Anfälle zur Operation. Vor der Operation bestand Schielablenkung des herdgekreuzten (linken) Auges, ein umschriebenes ausgedehntes zentrales Skotom nur für das linke Auge. Es bestand keine eigentliche Hemianopsie (nur Einschränkungen des Gesichtsfelds beiderseits). Die 1. Operation entfernte die Narbe. Das Gesichtsfeld blieb unverändert. Die 2. Operation resezierte den gröβten Teil des rechten Okzipital-lappens (etwa die polaren zwei Drittel der Sehrinde). Es folgte eine linksseitige Hemianopsie. Diese bildete sich aber zurück; dabei verkleinerte sich das linksseitige Zentralskotom. Der Kranke wurde anfallsfrei. 2. Die Deutung des Befundes und der Rückbildungen geht von der Auffassung aus, daß die in frühem Alter einsetzende Fixations-störung die Bildung der Doppelversorgung des zentralen Sehens in der beidseitigen Zusammenarbeit der Sehrinde verhindert oder rückgängig gemacht hat. Es war eine zentrale projizierende Leistung seit frühem Alter gestört, die thalamokommissuralen Ursprungs ist und sich mit einem Befund von W. His vergleichen läßt. Nach His entsendet die durch das Stammbündel des Thalamus getroffene mediane Großhirnrinde als erstes efferentes System Kommissurenfasern durch den Balken. Diese projizierende Leistung ist hier für den rechten Okzipitalpol vernichtet gewesen. Für den linken Okzipitalpol war sie intakt entwickelt. 3. Die Einzelheiten der Deutung gestalten sich zum Teil verschieden, je nachdem man die Existenz eines „gekreuzten maculären Bündels“ annimmt (Heine, R. Lenz, R. A. Pfeifer, O. Foerster) oder nicht (Bender und andere amerikanische Autoren). Die Erklärung wird viel einfacher, wenn man die Annahme eines gekreuzten maculären Bündels eliminiert. Sie führt dann nahe heran an die Kleistsche Auffassung gesonderter Rezeptorenschichten für die Sehstrahlungsfasern mit Beziehung zum gleichseitigen bzw. zum gekreuzten Auge. Die Deutung wird durch den Vergleich mit eigenen und fremden Befunden gestützt. 4. Auf jeden Fall ergibt sich, daß man für die Punkt-für-Punkt-Projektion der Netzhaut auf die Sehrinde zweierlei berücksichtigen muß: ein projiziertes System (Geniculatum, Sehstrahlung, Rezeptoren derselben in der A. str.) und ein projizierendes System mit thalamokommissuralen Beziehungen. Die Theorie für dieses projizierende System wird in der vorstehenden Arbeit gegeben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Exposure to endotoxin in childhood is currently discussed to protect from the development of allergic diseases.Objective To study the effect of early endotoxin exposure on incidence of atopic sensitization, atopic dermatitis and wheezing until the age of 2 years in infants with different risk status in terms of parental atopy.Methods Data of 1942 infants of an ongoing birth cohort study were analysed by logistic regression. Endotoxin was measured in settled dust of the mothers' mattresses at infants' age of 3 months. Data on allergic symptoms and physicians' diagnoses were gathered by questionnaire. Sensitization to common food and inhalant allergens was assessed by specific serum IgE.Results High endotoxin levels increased the risk of repeated wheeze [adjusted odds ratio (OR) for 4th exposure quartile (Q4) 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–2.14], but were associated with neither sensitization to food allergens nor atopic dermatitis. Stratification by parental atopy showed that there was an association of endotoxin exposure with incidence of repeated wheeze as well as with sensitization to inhalant allergens (P for trend = 0.008 and 0.044, respectively) only in infants with parental atopy, with the highest risk in the 4th exposure quartile (repeated wheeze: ORQ4 1.77, 95% CI 1.14–2.73; sensitization to inhalant allergens: ORQ4 1.69, 95% CI 0.70–4.11).Conclusion Early endotoxin exposure in terms of mattress dust endotoxin levels seemed to increase the risk of atopic reactions to inhalant allergens at the age of 2 years, especially in infants at risk due to parental atopy. Our data disagree with an early protective effect of endotoxin on atopy development until the age of 2 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Previous studies have shown that the risk for allergic sensitization is lower in children who grew up on farms and in young adults who were exposed to dogs in early childhood. A higher microbial exposure in general and in particular to endotoxin in early childhood might contribute to this lower risk of atopy.Objective We examined whether the presence of pets or vermin in the home is associated with higher endotoxin concentrations in settled house dust.Methods House dust was sampled in a standardized manner on the living room floors of 454 homes of German children aged 5–10 years (participation rate 61%). Endotoxin was assessed with a quantitative kinetic chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) method. Associations between endotoxin levels, pets and vermin are presented as ratios of the crude and confounder adjusted geometric means (means ratios) in the category of study vs. a reference category using multiple linear regression models.Results Endotoxin concentrations in living room floor dust sampled in homes without pets and vermin were lower (1246 ng per square meter, 1519 ng endotoxin/g dust, n = 157) than those sampled in homes with pets or vermin (2267 ng per square meter, 2200 ng endotoxin/g dust, n = 296). After adjustment for city of residence, season of dust sampling, age of the building and story of the dwelling, means ratios for endotoxin expressed per gram of dust were statistically significantly increased for dog (1.64, 95% CI 1.09–2.46), for cat (1.50, 95% CI 1.03–2.18) and for cockroach (3.01, 95% CI 1.37–6.60), whereas no major statistically significant associations were found for other pets, ants and mice.Conclusion Keeping a dog or a cat in the home is consistent with higher exposure to endotoxin and might therefore contribute to the lower risk of atopy in later life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Studies investigating the effect of exposure to indoor allergens and endotoxin on human respiratory health usually take dust samples only at one single point of time and consider them to be representative for the indoor biocontaminant burden during a time period of several years. This singly measured biocontaminant concentration is related to adverse respiratory outcomes such as asthma, wheeze or others.Objective  We analysed two repeated measurements of mite and cat allergens in mattress and living room floor dust as well as endotoxin concentrations in living room floor dust. The repeated samples were taken over a time period of about 6 years. We investigated the repeatability over time of their concentrations by determining correlation coefficients and computing within- and between-home variance components.Methods  Our analysis was based on the population of a study on Indoor Factors and Genetics in Asthma (INGA) being carried out in 1995/96 and followed up in 2000/01. Complete data were available from 152 participants.Results  The measured allergen concentrations were low and a considerable percentage of the values was below the limit of detection. The crude Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between the two measurements taken in 1995/96 and 2000/01 ranged from 0.32 to 0.61 for the dust mites allergens, from 0.21 to 0.44 for cat allergen and from 0.35 to 0.51 for endotoxin. Correlations were higher if measurements were performed on the same floor or the same mattress at both sampling time-points. The within-home variance for all measured biocontaminant concentrations was of about the same order as the between-home variance.Conclusion  For studies like ours with low allergen and endotoxin concentrations, the repeatability of these concentrations over a time period as long as 6 years is low and a single measurement does not accurately reflect the true long-term exposure in the homes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Advances in Space Research 10 (1990), S. 77-81 
    ISSN: 0273-1177
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B 3 (1984), S. 572-578 
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods In Physics Research 197 (1982), S. 201-207 
    ISSN: 0167-5087
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...