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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Halofantrine : a new substance for treatment of multidrug-resistant malaria (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 69-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Halofantrine ; Malaria ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Multidrug resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210972
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a Haemophilus influenzae type b tetanus conjugate vaccine when administered separately or mixed with concomitant diphtheria-tetanus-toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine for primary and for booster immunizations (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 157 (1998), S. 208-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key wordsHaemophilus influenzae type b ; Acellular pertussis ; Vaccination ; PRP-tetanus ; Diphtheria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract With an increasing number of new vaccines available for routine childhood immunization, combination vaccines are needed in order to maintain or achieve a high compliance with recommended immunization programmes. In a prospective, randomized, comparative, multi-centre study, 822 healthy infants were enrolled to receive three doses of either a candidate or a commercially available Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine concomitantly with diphtheria-, tetanus- acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine. Study subjects were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: (1) separate, or (2) mixed injection of DTaP and candidate Hib vaccine, or (3) separate injection of DTaP and commercial Hib vaccine. One year later the first 189 study subjects received either separate or mixed injections of the same Hib and DTaP vaccines as booster doses. Evaluation of reactogenicity was based on diary cards completed by parents. Immunogenicity was documented by measuring IgG antibody concentrations in serum samples taken before and 4 weeks after primary and booster vaccination. No serious adverse events occurred and most local and systemic reactions were mild to moderate. Booster doses were more reactogenic than primary doses with all groups. Antibody concentrations against pertussis antigens were similar to those seen with DTaP alone. All but one subject had protective antibody concentrations against diphtheria and tetanus. Primary immune response to the Hib vaccine was significantly lower in the group receiving the mixed Hib-DTaP vaccine, however, ≥95% of vaccinees had anti-Hib antibody concentrations ≥0.15 μg/ml and there was a marked booster response (〉100-fold) in all groups. Conclusions Mixing DTaP and Hib vaccines for primary immunization caused a decrease in anti-Hib antibody response, although after primary immunization as after booster doses, all subjects showed antibody concentrations considered to be protective for invasive Hib disease. Mixing of the vaccines did not result in increased reactogenicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050797
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors influencing the spread of pertussis in households (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 157 (1998), S. 391-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words pertussis ; attack rate ; household ; adult ; erythromycin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the spread of pertussis in children and adults being secondary contacts after household exposure. The study was nested in an efficacy trial of an acellular pertussis vaccine. The spread of the disease was also monitored with respect to gender and antibiotic therapy. A total of 453 index cases, of which 133 were monitored for adult disease, fulfilled the WHO definition of pertussis. They had contacts to 173 unvaccinated children aged 6–47 months, and a total of 101 adults with pertussis were followed. Detection of the bacteria, or a significant increase of specific antibodies confirmed the diagnosis. Secondary spread of the disease was assumed, when a household member coughed for 7 days or more and had laboratory evidence for pertussis. Crude attack rates (AR) were 69% in children and 31% in adults (P 〈 0.05). AR in children were independent of gender but more women than men (P = 0.02) were affected in those households where the index case was a child. Erythromycin treatment of the index case reduced the AR in exposed toddlers from 80% to 57% (P = 0.06), and in exposed adults from 40% to 21% (P= 0.2). Erythromycin therapy in contacts did not alter the clinical course of the disease significantly. Conclusions In a household study of pertussis, 69% of children and 31% of adults (more women than men) contracted the disease. Erythromycin reduced the number of infections in household contacts, but did not alter the clinical course in those who contracted pertussis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050836
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of vaccination schedules and host factors on antibody response following hepatitis B vaccination (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 11 (1992), S. 334-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a prospective multicentre trial, the influence of schedule, compliance, age, sex and weight on the antibody response to hepatitis B vaccination was investigated. Comparison of the vaccination schedules 0, 1, 6 months (group 1; n=143) and 0, 1, 2, 12 months (group 2; n=141) was performed in months 3, 7 and 12. In addition, the antibody response was compared one month after the third and one and six months after the last vaccination. Seroprotection rates (anti-HBS〉10 IU/l) and antibody titres, given as geometric means (GMTs), were higher in group 1 at month 12 as well as one month after completion of three immunizations. More vaccinees of group 2, however, showed seroprotection at month 3 with higher GMTs. In addition, GMTs in group 2 were higher both one month and six months after the last vaccine dose. Determination of parallel corrected correlation factors demonstrated that age was the most important single factor, followed by body weight and sex. However, no more than 3 % of the variation in the GMT can be explained by the influence of age. Due to decreased compliance with the four-dose schedule with a drop-out rate of approximately 10 % of the vaccinees, the total percentage of initial vaccinees who in the end developed protective antibody levels was higher in the 0, 1, 6 months schedule. Thus, it can be concluded that subjects likely to comply will benefit from the 0, 1, 2, 12 months schedule as more rapid protection is obtained and the higher antibody levels after the booster vaccination at month 12 provide longer protection. However, vaccinees whose compliance might be questionable over a period of 12 months, should be selected for the vaccination 0, 1, 6 months schedule as compliance is at a higher level over this period and advantage can be taken of the booster effect of the third dose given in month 6.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01962073
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatitis B and C in heterosexual patients with various sexually transmitted diseases (1992)
    Springer
    Infection 20 (1992), S. 128-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 356 heterosexuellen Patienten mit sexuell übertragbaren Infektionen (STD) wurde die Seroprävalenz für Hepatitis B-Virus- und Hepatitis C-Virus-Infektionen untersucht. Als Vergleich diente eine Kontrollgruppe von 381 gesunden Erstblut-spendern. 81 der 356 STD-Patienten waren anti-HBC-positiv (22,8%), dagegen nur 14 der 381 Blutspender (3,8%; p〈0,001). Bei 18 der 81 anti-HBC-positiven Patienten konnte zusätzlich HBSAg nachgewiesen werden, dagegen bei keinem der Blutspender (p=0,06). Die Durchseuchung mit Hepatitis C war ebenfalls bei den Patienten mit STD signifikant höher als in der Kontrollgruppe (5,3% vs 0,5%, p〈0,001). Unter den verschiedenen Infektionen waren die Syphilis (anti-HBC: 67,5%, anti-HCV: 12,5%) und eine Infektion mitChlamydia trachomatis (anti-HBC: 20,2%, anti-HCV: 8,1%) mit der höchsten Seroprävalenz für beide Hepatitisinfektionen assoziiert. Die Untersuchung belegt die Bedeutung der heterosexuellen Übertragung sowohl des hepatitis B-wie auch des Hepatitis C-Virus. Promiskuitive Patienten und Patienten mit STD gehören zur Risikogruppe und sollten daher aktiv gegen Hepatitis B geimpft werden.
    Notes: Summary The seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections were prospectively assessed in 356 heterosexuals with STDs (sexually transmitted diseases) and compared to a control group of 381 healthy first-time blood donors. Eighty-one of 356 STD patients were anti-HBC positive (22.8%) compared to 14/381 blood donors (3.8%; p〈0.001). In addition, 18 of the 81 anti-HBC positive STD patients, but none of the controls, were positive for HBSAg (p=0.06). The prevalence for anti-HCV was also significantly higher in the STD group than in the controls (5.3% vs. 0.5%; p〈0.001). Among the various STDs syphilis (anti-HBC: 67.5%; anti-HCV: 12.5%) andChlamydia trachomatis infections (anti-HBC: 20.2%, anti-HCV: 8.1%) had the highest prevalence for both infections. This study provides strong evidence of heterosexual transmission of hepatitis B and C virus infections. Thus, heterosexuals with STDs or multiple partners should be actively vaccinated against hepatitis B.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01704598
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symptoms and complications of pertussis in adults (1995)
    Springer
    Infection 23 (1995), S. 139-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Während viele Berichte belegen, daß Pertussis eine häufige Krankheit auch im Erwachsenenalter ist, gibt es nur wenige Studien zum klinischen Verlauf der Krankheit jenseits der Kindheit. Im Rahmen einer Haushalt-kontaktstudie zum Nachweis der Wirksamkeit einer azellulären Pertussis-Vakzine wurden in einem Studienzentrum mit bekannt niedriger Pertussis-Durchimpfungsrate Erwachsene mit Keuchhusten identifiziert und Symptome erfragt. Innerhalb von 2 Jahren wurden 257 Patienten mit Pertussis in 121 Familien gefunden. Davon waren 79 Erwachsene (30,7%) im Alter zwischen 19 und 83 Jahren (Durchschnittsalter: 36 Jahre). Das Verhältnis männlich zu weiblich betrug 1:1,8. Husten wurde von 91% der Erwachsenen angegeben (durch-schnittliche Dauer: 54 Tage). Er dauerte in 80% der Fälle ≥ 21 Tage an. Inspiratorischer Stridor war selten (8%), dagegen war der Husten häufig von Erbrechen und/oder Würgreiz gefolgt (53%) oder störte den Schlaf der Patienten (52%). Dies ist die erste Studic, in der anfallsweise auftretender Schweißausbruch als Symptom bei Pertussis beschrieben wird (14%). Über pharyngeale Symtome, (37%), Influenza-ähnliche Symptome (30%), Niesanfälle (22%), Heiserkeit (18%), schmerzhafte Sinus (16%) und Kopfschmerzen (14%) wurde ebenfalls berichtet. Komplikationen wurden bei 23% der erwachsenen Patienten beobachtet. Unabhängig vom Alter sollte die mikrobiologische Diagnostik bei allen symptomatischen Kontaktpersonen eines Patienten mit Pertussis und ebenso bei jedem Patienten mit lang anhaltendem Husten konsequent durchgeführt werden, damit die weitere Ausbreitung des Erregers zu einem möglichst frühen Zeitpunkt verhindert werden kann.
    Notes: Summary There is increasing evidence that pertussis occurs frequently in adults, but there is limited information on the clinical course of this disease beyond childhood. A household contact study on the efficacy of an acellular pertussis vaccine was used to study the symptoms of pertussis in adults. Among 257 patients with pertussis identified in 121 families during a two-year period in one study center with a low whole-cell pertussis-vaccine uptake, 79 (30.7%) were adults, aged 19–83 years (mean age: 36 years) with a 1:1.8 male to female ratio. Ninety-one percent of the adults suffered from coughing (mean duration: 54 days), and in 80% this cough lasted ≥ 21 days. Whoops were rare (8%), whereas cough followed by vomiting and/or choking (53%) and cough disturbing sleep (52%) were common. This is the first report to describe sweating attacks as symptom of pertussis (14%). Pharyngeal symptoms (37%), influenza-like symptoms (30%), sneezing attacks (22%), hoarseness (18%), sinus pain (16%) and headaches (14%) were also observed. Various complications were seen in 23% of the patients. In order to minimize the spread of the organism, micro-biological diagnostics should be vigorously applied to all symptomatic contacts of a patient with pertussis but also to all patients with long lasting cough — irrespective of age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01793853
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antithrombin III substitution affects survival rate in a murine malaria model (1989)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 76 (1989), S. 36-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of AT III substitution on survival time was studied inP. vinkei infected mice. One hundred mice were infected, randomly selected and allocated to two groups of 40 animals each on day 13 after infection. One group was placebo treated, the other group received 3 IU AT III daily on days 13 to 19. Comparison of the survival time in the log rank test showed a prolongation of the median survival time (5 versus 9 days,P〈0,01). It is concluded that AT III might be beneficial in the treatment of severe malaria cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00931069
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