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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 8179-8182 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We present the results of a systematic study of the dark current in each pixel of a charged-coupled device chip. It was found that the Arrhenius plot, at temperatures between 222 and 291 K, deviated from a linear behavior in the form of continuous bending. However, as a first approximation, the dark current, D, can be expressed as: D=D0 exp(−ΔE/kT), where ΔE is the activation energy, k is Boltzmann's constant, and T the absolute temperature. It was found that ΔE and the exponential prefactor D0 follow the Meyer–Neldel rule (MNR) for all of the more than 222,000 investigated pixels. The isokinetic temperature, T0, for the process was found as 294 K. However, measurements at 313 K did not show the predicted inversion in the dark current. It was found that the dark current for different pixels merged at temperatures higher than T0. A model is presented which explains the nonlinearity and the merging of the dark current for different pixels with increasing temperature. Possible implications of this finding regarding the MNR are discussed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 2028-2032 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: We present results of a systematic study of persistent, or residual, images that occur in charged-coupled device (CCD) detectors. A phenomenological model for these residual images, also known as "ghosting," is introduced. This model relates the excess dark current in a CCD after exposure to the number of filled impurity sites which is tested for various temperatures and exposure times. We experimentally derive values for the cross section, density, and characteristic energy of the impurity sites responsible for the residual images. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 70-75 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The measurement of the acoustic pressure of a planar ultrasonic wave by light diffraction is well established. The ability to do similar measurements in the case of spherical waves has been doubted. However, we show that the range of validity can be extended to the focal region of a spherical concave piezoelectric transducer. Light is passed through the focal plane of a spherical concave transducer and is diffracted as a result of the variation in the index of refraction. The peak pressure can be calculated from the diffraction intensity by making the following simplification. We assume that in the focal plane the ultrasound can be approximated by a profiled planar wave, which in turn can be modeled by a wave of constant amplitude and effective width. The experimental results for moderate-pressure amplitudes in water compare favorably with the calculations using the Khokhlov–Zabolotskaya–Kuznetsov equation, which incorporates both nonlinearity and diffraction effects of the acoustic field.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 45 (1986), S. 215-232 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Schlagwort(e): Supercooling ; quenching ; metastable equilibrium ; order parameter ; frozen-in states ; system far from equilibrium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Circumstances under which a quenched system will “freeze” in a metastable state are studied in simple systems with long-range order. The model used is the time-dependent pair approximation, based on the most probable path (MPP) method. The time dependence of the solution is shown by means of flow diagrams. The fixed points and other features of the differential equations in time are independent of the choice of the rate constants. It is explained qualitatively how the system behaves under varying descending temperatures: the role of the initial conditions, the dependence on the quenching rate, and the response to precooling.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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