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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum eosinophil cationic protein in relation to bronchial asthma in a young Swedish population (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 49 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: How are the serum concentration of eosinophil cationic protein (S-ECP) and the blood eosinophil count (B-Eos) related to symptoms of asthma, allergy, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR)? We measured S-ECP, B-Eos, and total and specific IgE in serum in blood samples from 699 randomly selected persons 20–44 years old. They also underwent a structured interview, spirometry, a methacholine provocation test, and skin prick tests as part of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. B-Eos and S-ECP were found to be closely related to asthma symptom score (P 〈 0.001), total IgE (P 〈 0.001), and BHR (P 〈 0.001). On the basis of the results, the subjects were divided into four groups: healthy controls, patients with allergic rhinitis, patients with nonallergic asthma, and patients with allergic asthma. There were significant differences in both B-Eos and S-ECP among the groups (P 〈 0.001), the highest values being found in the allergic asthma group. B-Eos and S-ECP each had an additive value in predicting the occurrence of asthma. Among persons with high concentrations of both variables, asthma was eight times more common than in those with low concentrations. Allergy and BHR were also found to be independently related to B-Eos and S-ECP levels. Furthermore, both B-Eos and S-ECP showed good correlation to subjective and objective measures of asthma activity. We conclude that both B-Eos and S-ECP and their interrelationship may be of value in assessing the activity of asthma. However, their role in disease management was not established in this cross-sectional study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb02095.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skin prick tests and specific IgE in adults from three different areas of Sweden (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aims of this part of the European Respiratory Health Survey were to estimate the prevalence of atopic sensitization to inhalant allergens among adults in three different areas of Sweden and to investigate the association between sensitization and certain risk factors. Randomly selected subjects aged 20–46 years from Göteborg, Uppsala, and Västerbotten were investigated with the skin prick test (SPT), analyses for specific IgE antibodies in serum (specific IgE) and total serum immunoglobulin E (total IgE), and a questionnaire. SPT was performed in 1572 subjects and analyses of specific IgE in 1470. One or more positive SPT were found in 35.6% and one or more positive specific IgE in 31.7% - approximately the same values in all three areas. Birch, grass, cat, and dog were the most frequent sensitizing agents and occurred at similar prevalence's, i.e., around 15%, in all areas. The SPT to mite was positive in 14.1% in Göteborg, 7.4% in Uppsala, and 7.9% in Västerbotten. A positive SPT to pellitory of the wall (Parietaria), not described previously in Sweden, was found in 3.4% in Göteborg. Living in Göteborg was independently associated with a higher risk of a positive SPT to mite and Parietaria. Heredity, male sex, and low age were independently associated with atopy. Birth in the Scandinavian countries was independently associated with sensitization to cat, whereas birth in other countries was associated with sensitization to mite. The overall prevalence of atopy was similar in the three Swedish areas, but the sensitizing allergens varied. There is an indication that sensitization is increasing in the population, as low age was associated with sensitization. Sensitization to cat, but not to mite, appears to be particularly important in persons born in the Scandinavian countries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04652.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of inhaled formoterol versus terbutaline on respiratory function in moderate bronchial asthma (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hedenström H, Wegener T, Boman G, Wåhlander L, Melander B. Effect of inhaled formoterol versus terbutaline on respiratory function in moderate bronchial asthma.In a double-blind cross-over study comparing the duration of action of 12 μg and 24 μg formoterol, 500 μg terbutaline and placebo, lung function tests were performed in 12 never-smokers with non-allergic bronchial asthma. All the patients were hyperreactive to methacholine, had normal serum IgE level, and negative skin or RAST results. The lung function tests were carried out over an 11-h period and included measurements of lung volumes, airway resistance, dynamic spirometry, nitrogen single breath wash-out test and single breath diffusion capacity for CO. The airway resistance and maximal forced expiratory flow tests indicated a pronounced bronchodilator effect without adverse effects of 12 μg and 24 μg formoterol on both large and peripheral airways. Improved intrapulmonary gas distribution measured by the nitrogen wash-out test and more even distribution of the lung volumes indicating more homogeneous ventilation was seen for approx. 3h after terbutaline and approx. 11 h after 24 μg formoterol. Measurement of the CO diffusion capacity indicates more effective gas diffusion and a better ventilation-perfusion ratio for at least 11 h, especially after inhalation of 24 μg formoterol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00957.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The extracellular deposition of mast cell products is increased in hypertrophic airways smooth muscles in allergic asthma but not in nonallergic asthma (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Bronchial asthma is characterized by airways smooth muscle hypertrophy and infiltration of mast cells in the bronchial mucosa. The aim of this investigation was to study the distribution of mast cells in different compartments in the bronchial mucosa of allergic and nonallergic asthma in relation to airways remodeling.Methods:  Bronchial biopsies were obtained from 29 subjects with allergic and nonallergic asthma and healthy controls. The biopsies were stained for mast cells by means of the tryptase specific antibody AA1. Extracellular deposition of mast cell products were judged on a semi-quantitative scale. Mast cells per mm2 were counted in epithelium, lamina propria and the smooth muscle compartment. Smooth muscle was visualized by actin antibodies and the proportion of staining of the biopsy estimated. Laminin and tenascin layers were visualized by their respective antibodies.Results:  Airways smooth muscle thickness was greater in allergic vs nonallergic asthma (P 〈 0.001). Mast cells were increased in all three compartments in both allergic and nonallergic asthma, with significantly higher numbers in smooth muscles in allergic asthma (P 〈 0.03). The extracellular deposition of mast cell products was more common in allergic than nonallergic asthma in lamina propria and smooth muscles (P = 0.025; P = 0.002, respectively). In patients with allergic asthma the numbers of mast cells with extracellular deposition of mast cell products were significantly correlated to the thickness of the laminin and tenascin layers.Conclusion:  Our results suggest that there are large differences between allergic and nonallergic asthmatics as to mast cell activation and airways smooth muscle thickness. Our data implies that mast cells are causally involved in structural alterations in allergic asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00823.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asthmatic symptoms and indoor levels of micro-organisms and house dust mites (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 25 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: As a part of a worldwide investigation on the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, we have performed a study on the relationship between the indoor environment and asthma-like symptoms in the population of a central Swedish municipality. The study comprised 88 individuals, aged 20–45 years who underwent a structured interview, spirometry, a methacholine provocation test, skin-prick tests and blood samples for measurements of serum concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (S-ECP), blood eosinophil count and total immunoglobulin E (S-IgE). In the homes, the room temperature, air humidity, respirable dust, house dust mites (HDM) and airborne micro-organisms were measured. The relative humidity in all the homes was found to be above 33%. HDM were found in 13% of homes. In the homes of the 47 subjects with asthma related symptoms, significantly higher total levels of bacteria and mould (P〈0.05) and a higher proportion of detected HDM (OR = 5.3) was found than in subjects with no asthma related symptoms, after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, indoor temperature and air humidity. HDM were found to be an independent risk factor for asthma related symptoms (OR = 7.9) and nocturnal breathlessness (OR = 6.2) (P〈0.05), while the total level of bacteria was a risk factor for asthma related symptoms and wheezing (P〈0.05). We conclude that although HDM is relatively infrequently found in the homes of central-Sweden, the presence of HDM is related to asthmatic symptoms. A relation between levels of airborne bacteria and asthma related symptoms was also found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01073.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different airway responsiveness profiles in atopic asthma, nonatopic asthma, and Sjögren's syndrome (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Different mechanisms may underlie bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in different diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the bronchial responsiveness profile produced by three different challenge tests, methacholine, a direct simulus, and two indirect stimuli, adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) and cold air, in subjects with asthma and patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Methods: The study population comprised 40 adult patients with asthma, 18 subjects with Sjögren's syndrome, and 20 controls. Blood samples were collected before each challenge for measurements of serum eosinophil peroxidase (S-EPO) and eosinophil cationic protein (S-ECP). The investigated subjects recorded peak expiratory flow and kept a symptom diary. Results: Atopic subjects with asthma were significantly more hyperresponsive to AMP than nonatopic subjects with asthma (P=0.01) and subjects with Sjögren's syndrome (P=0.02). No difference was seen between atopic and nonatopic subjects with asthma in the case of challenges with methacholine or cold air. In atopic subjects with asthma, a significant correlation was found between challenges with methacholine and AMP (r=0.91, P=0.0001) and methacholine and cold air (r=0.83, P=0.004), but, in nonatopic subjects with asthma, no significant correlation was seen between methacholine and AMP or cold air challenges. In atopic subjects with asthma, the dose-response slope for AMP was correlated to S-EPO (r=−0.56; P=0.01) and S-ECP (r=−0.51, P=0.02), while no correlation between BHR and inflammation markers was found in the two other patient groups. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that patients with asthma and subjects with Sjögren's syndrome display different bronchial responsiveness profiles for different challenge agents. Atopic subjects with asthma are more hyperresponsive to AMP than nonatopic subjects and patients with Sjögren's syndrome. More than one challenge may be required to detect different aspects of bronchial responsiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00252.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitization to airborne and food allergens in Reykjavík (Iceland) and Uppsala (Sweden) – a comparative study (1999)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of atopic sensitization and possible risk factors for allergies in two ethnically similar but geographically widely separated urban populations. Methods: Data from two centers of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey, Reykjavík, Iceland, and Uppsala, Sweden, were utilized. This included a structured interview, skin prick tests, and blood samples for total and specific IgE for common aeroallergens. Additional measurements of specific IgE antibodies to common food antigens were performed. Furthermore, data on social environment, lifestyle, air pollution, and meteorologic variables were compared. Results: Skin prick tests were done on 540 individuals in Reykjavík and 527 in Uppsala. The overall prevalence of at least one positive prick test was 20.5% in Reykjavík and 34.2% in Uppsala (P〈0.001). Total and specific IgE were measured in serum from 521 subjects in Reykjavík and 472 in Uppsala. The geometric mean value for total IgE was significantly lower in Reykjavík (13.4 kU/l) than in Uppsala (24.7 kU/l) (P〈0.001). Similarly, the overall prevalence of at least one specific IgE to airborne allergens was 23.6% in Reykjavík and 32.3% in Uppsala (P〈0.01). Specific IgE to a food panel (fx5) was measured in 502 subjects in Reykjavík, and 434 in Uppsala. In Reykjavík, 20 individuals (4.0%) were positive to one or more of the allergens in the food panel compared to 27 (6.0%) in Uppsala. When the single allergens present in the food panel were measured, altogether 16 positive reactions were found in Reykjavík compared to 47 in Uppsala (P〈0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of sensitization to both airborne and food allergens was lower in Reykjavík than in Uppsala. The difference may be due to environmental and/or dietary differences or to some yet undefined factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00093.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-Dimensional Modeling of a Two-Well Tracer Test (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 30 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A three-dimensional (3-D), advection-based numerical model has been developed for simulating two-well injection withdrawal tracer tests in heterogeneous granular aquifers, and the model has been applied to perform various simulations of an actual two-well tracer test conducted previously in a confined aquifer at a field site near Mobile, Alabama. Information obtained from a series of independent field tests is used as input in the model to account for the 3-D spatial distribution of the hydraulic conductivity (K) at the test site.The numerical model is based on a simplified, Lagrangian approach in which the transport of the tracer between the injection and withdrawal wells is modeled taking into account advection only. Processes such as dispersion, sorption, and chemical or biological reactions are neglected. Despite field data limitations and various simplifying assumptions, the model predictions of the withdrawal-well concentration breakthrough and of the mean tracer arrival times at various levels of two multilevel observation wells are in good overall agreement with the corresponding field observations.The results of this study indicate that it will be possible to construct realistic, predictive models of contaminant transport in heterogeneous granular aquifers if the necessary effort is made to obtain field measurements of the 3-D spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity. The extent and feasibility of such an effort are expected to depend on the particular contamination problem at hand. Future research should be directed toward the problems of field measurement scale selection and the development of K distributions for models from sparse data sets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01578.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum concentration and half-life of rifampicin after simultaneous oral administration of aminosalicylic acid or isoniazid (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 217-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Rifampicin ; p-aminosalicylic acid ; drug interaction ; isoniazid ; pharmacokinetics ; antituberculous therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single oral doses of rifampicin (10 mg/kg body weight), p-aminosalicylic acid (0.2 g/kg), isoniazid (10 mg/kg), or rifampicin and either p-aminosalicylic acid or isoniazid, were given to 69 tuberculous patients with normal renal and hepatic function. Ten-fold interindividual differences were observed in the peak serum concentrations and half-lives of rifampicin; its half-life was reduced from 4.3 h after the first dose to 3.1 h after the third dose, possibly due to self-induction of its own metabolism. No effect on its serum concentration or half-life, nor on those of isoniazid, were found after simultaneous oral administration of the two drugs. After treatment with rifampicin and p-aminosalicylic acid, the peak serum level of the former was delayed from 2 to 4 h, it was reduced from 8.0 to 3.8 µg/ml, and the mean area under the serum concentration curve throughout the entire 8 h study period was also lowered by about half. Individual patients did not attain therapeutically effective peak serum concentrations of rifampicin if also treated withp-aminosalicylic acid. The interaction observed between the two drugs is probably due to impaired gastrointestinal absorption of rifampicin, either by alteration of its physico-chemical properties or by a decrease in the gastric emptying rate combined with more rapid intestinal transit. The combination of these two drugs is unsuitable for the routine chemotherapy of tuberculosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00560384
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of the inhibitory effect of PAS granules on the absorption of rifampicin: Adsorption of rifampicin by an excipient, bentonite (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 293-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Rifampicin ; p-aminosalicylic acid ; bentonite ; drug interaction ; bioavailability ; drug adsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The bioavailability (plasma concentrations, AUC and urinary excretion) of an oral solution of rifampicin was investigated in six healthy volunteers. Simultaneous administration of PAS granules produced a significant decrease in the absorption of RMP, whereas Na-PAS tablets had no effect. This indicated that the dosage form of the granules and not PAS itself was responsible for the interaction, and that the dissolution of RMP was not involved. The interaction could be reproduced by giving dummy granules that contained the same excipients but no PAS. The disintegration and dissolution of PAS granulesin vitro correlated well with the disappearance of RMP from the solution. The major excipient of the granules, bentonite (a mineral closely related to kaolin), was found to adsorb rifampicin rapidly and strongly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562653
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