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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 405 (2000), S. 882-882 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir We agree with Maurer et al., who in their Commentary define databases as “science's neglected legacy”. Many large, complex databases are available to today's scientists; information is stored to be accessed later and hypotheses can be tested using this well ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 381 (1996), S. 271-271 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - The recent debate about the impact factor (IF) and citation index as a measure of scientific value, especially in competition for university posts in Italy, is a reminder that this is nothing new. The University of Padua's medical faculty recently introduced an 'impact factor' threshold for ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 20 (1998), S. 236-237 
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Pregnancy ; Drug utilization ; Drug Information Centres ; Women
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Although it is recommended that drugs be avoided as much as possible during pregnancy, attitudes towards setting, time and method of the performed studies, and characteristics of the investigated population have been shown to vary. A collaborative and permanent network of different observational points is essential in monitoring and assessing the rational use of drugs, especially during pregnancy. In a context where knowledge is often scant and contradictory, the importance and the need for information on drug use during pregnancy remain unquestioned. If health (drug) information is the interface between those who produce and have knowledge and those who are beneficiaries of such knowledge, information for pregnant women (as well as for all lay people) is mandatory. Initiatives, people and instruments whose job it is to produce and diffuse informations have to be assessed and qualitatively harmonized to adequately answer to questions and needs. Women need information (concerning both pregnancy and drugs) on which to base choices on their own health care (and pregnancy). Clearly, this interaction depends on the kind of information and on the spirit with which it is provided. Thus it is essential that information (especially during pregnancy) be based on transparency and accountability, and it be directed by the principles of equity, effectiveness and affordability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 12 (1984), S. 119-128 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: teicoplanin ; pharmacokinetics ; three-compartment model ; noncompartmental analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin, a new glycopeptide antibiotic active against gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, was studied in adult male volunteers given 2- and 3- mg/ kg doses by a constant-rate 0.5-hr infusion. Serum and urine samples were collected up to 96 hr. Mean peak serum levels after the two doses were 15.7 and 22.4 μg/ml. Postinfusion serum teicoplanin levels showed triexponential decay. A three-compartment body model gave close values for pharmacokinetic parameters after the two doses. The mean half-life of the λ1 phase was 20.3 min, that of the λ2 phase was 2.9 hr, and the half-life of the estimated λ3 phase was 40.5 hr, in good agreement with that of the λZ phase (45.9 hr) calculated from the last urine data. The mean volume of distribution of the central compartment was 0.09 liter/kg and the steady-state volume of distribution using noncompartmental analysis was 0.84 liter/kg. Total clearance averaged 16.05 ml/hr/kg, with renal clearance arbout half this (9.51 ml/hr/kg), calculated by two different methods. The average total recovery of active teicoplanin in urine over 4 days was 52%, suggesting that both renal and nonrenal mechanisms are involved in elimination of the drug. The concentrations of teicoplanin in serum and urine exceeded the MIC (ranging from 0.02 to 2 μg/ml) on many pathogenic organisms for at least 1 day after administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 17 (1989), S. 425-440 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: thiopental ; pregnant rat ; plasma protein binding ; tissue binding ; tissue distribution ; pharmacokinetic model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetic profile of thiopental was studied in pregnant rats after an iv bolus dose of 15 mg/kg. The unbound concentration-time profile of the drug in maternal plasma, placenta, fetal brain, fetal carcass, and amniotic fluid was described, developing an adequate pharmacokinetic model. Maternal plasma levels of thiopental fell rapidly after injection, distributing into tissues (half-life of distribution phase averaged 3 min). Thiopental crossed the placenta and entered the fetal body (brain included) and amniotic fluid. Peak levels were seen within 10 min of injection and declined in all tissues parallel to maternal plasma (rate constant range 0.012–0.017 min−1.The concentrations of drug in the fetal unit were smaller than in the central compartment and maternal plasma. However, the absolute transfer ratios (calculated using the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from the model) and the relative exposure ratios (as the ratio of the area under the unbound concentration-time curve in tissue to that in maternal plasma) suggested that fetuses were exposed to a potentially efficacious level of the drug. The model formulated to describe the tissue distribution of thiopental may offer a useful approach for analysis of the kinetic profile of other compounds administered during pregnancy or at delivery in rats and other species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 13 (1985), S. 41-53 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: theobromine ; pharmacokinetics ; metabolism ; urinary data ; rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics of theobromine (3, 7-DMX) and its metabolites was investigated in detail in four male rabbits after bolus intravenous injection (4 mg/kg) of the compound. Apparent first-order rate constants for the metabolic processes involved in the formation of 3,7-DMX metabolites and their excretion in urine were calculated. Theobromine, 7-methylxanthine (7-MX) and 3-methylxanthine (3-MX) were measured in blood and urine, and the other metabolites were determined only in urine. An appropriate model of 14 compartments is formulated to describe the disposition of 3,7-DMX and its metabolites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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