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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ICAM-1 and α3β1 expression by bronchial epithelial cells and their in vitro modulation by inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Adhesion molecules are involved in inflammatory and repair processes of the bronchial epithelium. ICAM-1 is mainly involved in inflammatory reactions, whereas integrins, such as α3β1, are mainly involved in repair processes. Methods: Using bronchial biopsies from 10 asthmatics and eight controls, we first evaluated by immunohistochemistry expression of α3β1 and ICAM-1 in intact and damaged epithelium. Then, using the human pulmonary epithelial cell line WI-26 VA, we studied, by flow-cytometry, the modulation of ICAM-1 and α3β1 expression, and, by ELISA, the release of fibronectin by proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-5, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4, TGF-β, and EGF. Results: α3β1 expression was slightly higher in asthma than in controls, as well as in damaged epithelium than in undamaged epithelium. ICAM-1 expression was higher in asthma than in controls, and similarly distributed in intact or damaged epithelium. In vitro, α3β1 was significantly increased by TGF-β, EGF, and IL-4, and significantly decreased by IL-5. Fibronectin release was significantly increased by TGF-β and IL-4, unchanged by EGF, and slightly but significantly decreased by IL-5. ICAM-1 expression was significantly decreased by TGF-β and IL-4, unchanged by EGF, and significantly increased by IL-5. Conclusions: These differences in adhesion molecule expression and fibronectin release may be important in epithelial cell inflammation and repair.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00239.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased airway inflammatory cells in endurance athletes: what do they mean? (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Inflammatory cells are increased in the airways of endurance athletes, but their role in causing exercise-induced respiratory symptoms and bronchoconstriction, or their possible long-term consequences, are uncertain.Aim To put the results of athlete studies in perspective, by analysing the pathogenesis of airway cell changes and their impact on respiratory function.Results Athletes of different endurance sports at rest showed increased airway neutrophils. Elite swimmers and skiers also showed large increases in airway eosinophils and lymphocytes, possibly related to chronic, exercise-related exposure to irritants or cold and dry air, respectively. Post-exercise studies reported variable responses of airway cells to exercise, but found no evidence of inflammatory cell activation in the airways, at variance with exercise-induced neutrophil activation in peripheral blood. The increase in airway inflammatory cells in athletes can result from hyperventilation-induced increase in airway osmolarity stimulating bronchial epithelial cells to release chemotactic factors. Hyperosmolarity may also inhibit activation of inflammatory cells by causing shedding of adhesion molecules, possibly explaining why airway inflammation appears ‘frustrated’ in athletes. Data on exhaled nitric oxide are few and variable, not allowing conclusions about its usefulness as a marker of airway inflammation in athletes, or its role in modulating bronchial responsiveness.Conclusions The acute and long-term effects of exercise on airway cells need further study. Airway inflammatory cells are increased but not activated in athletes, both at rest and after exercise, and airway inflammation appears to regress in athletes quitting competitions. Altogether, these findings do not clearly indicate that habitual intense exercise may be detrimental for respiratory health. Rather, airway changes may represent chronic adaptive responses to exercise hyperventilation. An improved understanding of the effects of exercise on the airways will likely have a clinical impact on sports medicine, and on the current approach to exercise-based rehabilitation in respiratory disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01557.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muscarinic receptors, leukotriene B4 production and neutrophilic inflammation in COPD patients (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Acetylcholine (ACh) plays an important role in smooth muscle contraction and in the development of airway narrowing; preliminary evidences led us to hypothesize that ACh might also play a role in the development of airways inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:  We evaluated the concentrations of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in induced sputum, and the expression of Ach M1, M2, and M3 receptors in sputum cells (SC) obtained from 16 patients with COPD, 11 smokers, and 14 control subjects. The SC were also treated with ACh and the production of LTB4 assessed in the presence or absence of a muscarinic antagonist (oxitropium). In blood monocytes, we evaluated LTB4 release and activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) pathway after treatment with Ach.Results:  The LTB4 concentrations were higher in COPD than in controls (P 〈 0.01) and correlated with the number of neutrophil (P 〈 0.01). The M3 receptors expression was increased in COPD subjects when compared to smokers and control (P 〈 0.05 and 0.0001, respectively), while M2 expression resulted decreased (P 〈 0.05 and 0.01). The ACh-induced LTB4 production was observed in peripheral blood monocytes, and was sensitive to ERK inhibition. Similarly, ACh significantly increased neutrophil chemotactic activity and LTB4 released from SC of COPD patients only, and these effects were blocked by pretreatment with the inhibitor of ERK pathway PD98059.Conclusions:  The results obtained show that muscarinic receptors may be involved in airway inflammation in COPD subjects through ACh-induced, ERK1/2-dependent LTB4 release. Muscarinic antagonism may contribute to reduce neutrophil infiltration and activation in COPD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00892.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aging and asthma: pathophysiological mechanisms (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.02163.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children with atopic rhinitis: a 7-year follow-up (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  A high prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) was found in atopic subjects with rhinitis. Those subjects may be at higher risk for developing bronchial asthma. We evaluated, in a 7-year follow-up, BHR and atopy in a homogeneous population of nonasthmatic children with allergic rhinitis (AR), and their role in asthma development.Methods:  Twenty-eight children (6–15 years) with AR were studied. At enrollment (T0), skin tests, total serum IgE assay, peak expiratory flow (PEF) monitoring and methacholine (Mch) bronchial challenge were performed. BHR was computed as the Mch dose causing a 20% forced expiratory volume (FEV)1 fall (PD20FEV1) and as dose–response slope (DRS). Subjects were reassessed after 7 years (T1) using the same criteria.Results:  At T0, 13 children (46%), showing a PD20FEV1 〈1526 μg of Mch, had BHR (Mch+), although PEF variability (PEFv) was within normal limits. None of the children with negative methacholine test developed bronchial asthma after 7 years. Of the 13 Mch+, only two reported asthma symptoms after 7 years. No significant change was seen in the other parameters of atopy considered.Conclusion:  Children with allergic rhinitis present a high prevalence of BHR. Nevertheless, their PEFv is normal and the rate of asthma development low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00559.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of gemcitabine on cell proliferation and apoptosis in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (2000)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 46 (2000), S. 467-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Key words Gemcitabine ; Non-small-cell lung cancer ; NSCLC ; Apoptosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated the antiproliferative and the proapoptotic ability of gemcitabine in three non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. NCI-H292 (mucoepidermoid carcinoma), NCI-CorL23 (large-cell carcinoma) and NCI-Colo699 (adenocarcinoma) cells were cultured with and without 0.5, 0.05 and 0.005 μM gemcitabine for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Gemcitabine exerted a stronger and earlier antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect on H292 cells than on CorL23 or Colo699 cells. Fas receptor expression was increased in all three cell lines and was higher in Colo699 than in CorL23 cells. The incubation of NSCLC with anti-Fas agonistic monoclonal antibody (CH11) induced cell apoptosis in H292 cells, demonstrating that the Fas receptor was functionally active. Finally, gemcitabine and CH-11 exerted a synergistic effect on cell apoptosis in H292 cells. This study demonstrates that gemcitabine induces apoptosis in NSCLC and that this effect might be exerted by modulating functionally active Fas expression, and these effects of gemcitabine were stronger in H292 cells than in either CorL23 or Colo699 cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002800000183
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apoptosis and airway inflammation in asthma (2000)
    Springer
    Apoptosis 5 (2000), S. 473-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-675X
    Keywords: apoptosis ; asthma ; inflammation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Asthma is a disease characterized by a chronic inflammation of the airways and by structural alterations of bron-chial tissues, often referred to as airway remodelling. The development of chronic airway inflammation in asthma depends upon the continuous recruitment of inflammatory cells from the bloodstream towards the bronchial mucosa and by their subsequent activation. It is however increasingly accepted that mechanisms involved in the regulation of the survival and apoptosis of inflammatory cells may play a central role in the persistent inflammatory process characterizing this disease. Increased cellular recruitment and activation, enhanced cell survival and cell:cell interactions are therefore the key steps in the development of chronic airway inflammation in asthma, and represent the major causes for tissue damge, repair and remodelling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009661406440
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous positive airway pressure improves the quality of sleep and oxygenation in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (1987)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 8 (1987), S. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Sleep ; Apnea Syndrome ; CPAP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Abbiamo provato gli effetti dell’applicazione di ventilazione a pressione positiva continua (CPAP) su otto pazienti affetti da sindrome dell’apnea ostruttiva nel sonno (OSAS). Il paragone tra uno studio poligrafico notturno eseguito durante respirazione spontanea, ed uno eseguito la notte successiva durante applicazione di CPAP ha mostrato significativa riduzione dello stadio 1 ed aumento del REM, la scomparsa delle apnee ostruttive ed un aumento significativo della saturazione ossiemoglobinica media. Inoltre la maggioranza dei pazienti ha notato una sensibile attenuazione della sintomatologia già dopo la prima notte di trattamento. Tre pazienti però pur confermando il miglioramento non hanno accettato di proseguire la terapia nelle notti successive. Si può concludere che la CPAP è un’efficace forma di prevenzione delle apnee nell’OSAS e che nei pazienti adattabili può essere considerata per una terapia di breve durata se può essere previsto un intervento correttivo della patologia di base o come una terapia di lunga durata negli altri casi.
    Notes: Abstract We tested the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in 8 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The comparison of a nocturnal polygraphic study performed during spontaneous breathing with a study during CPAP administration performed the following night showed a significant reduction in stage 1 and increase in REM, the abolition of obstructive apneas and a significant increase in mean oxyhemoglobin saturation. Most patients reported marked relief of symptoms after the first night of treatment. However 3 patients, though confirming the improvement refused further CPAP. We conclude that CPAP is an effective measure for prevention of apneas in OSAS and that in compliant patients it may be regarded as a short-term measure when a permanent correction of the causes is planned, or as a long-term treatment when the latter is not feasible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02337586
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