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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arterial oxygen saturation in healthy term neonates (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 219-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Pulse oximetry ; Infants ; Hypoxaemia ; Oxygen saturation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our objective was to determine arterial oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) in healthy term neonates during their first 4 weeks of life. Overnight recordings of SpO2 (Nellcor N200), photoplethysmographic (pulse) wave-forms from the oximeter and breathing movements were performed in 60 term infants. They were studied initially during their 1st week of life (median age 4 days, range 1–7) and then again during their 2nd–4th week (median age 17 days, range 8–27). Median baseline SpO2, measured during regular breathing, was 97.6% (range 92–100) during week 1 versus 98.0% (86.6–100) during week 2–4 (P〉0.05). Episodes of desaturation, defined as a fall in SpO2 to ≤80% for ≥4 s, were found in 35% of recordings obtained in week 1 compared to 60% of those obtained in week 2–4 (P〈0.01). Their frequency increased from a median of 0 (0–41) per 12 h of recording at the initial recording to 1 (0–165) at follow up (P〈0.01). Analysis of the data by week of life showed a peak in desaturation frequency in the 2nd week of life. The infants with extreme values at follow-up (e.g. a baseline SpO2 of 86.6%, 5th percentile 91.9%, or a desaturation frequency of 165 per 12 h of recording, 95th percentile 32) had had values well within the normal range during their initial recording (a baseline SpO2 of 94.4%, or a desaturation frequency of 4). Most of the desaturations in the infants with extreme values were associated with periodic apnoea. These results demonstrate only relatively minor developmental changes in oxygenation in term neonates during the first 4 weeks of life. The clinical significance of outlying values, i.e. a low baseline SpO2 or a high number of episodic desaturations, remains to be determined. Conclusion These healthy term neonates had values for baseline oxygen saturation and desaturation frequency that were not substantially different from those observed in older infants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01953942
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influenza virus infection in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy: a clinical and seroepidemiological study (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 107 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To determine whether maternal influenza virus infection in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy results in transplacental transmission of infection, maternal auto-antibody production or an increase in complications of pregnancy.Design Case-control cohort study.Population Study and control cohorts were derived from 3975 women who were consecutively delivered at two Nottingham teaching hospitals between May 1993 and July 1994. A complete set of three sera was available for 1659 women.Methods Paired maternal ante- and postnatal sera were screened for a rise in anti-influenza virus antibody titre by single radial haemolysis and haemagglutination inhibition. Routine obstetric data collected during and after pregnancy were retrieved from the Nottingham obstetric database. Cord samples were tested for the presence of IgM anti-influenza antibodies, and postnatal infant sera were tested for the persistence of influenza-virus specific IgG. Paired antenatal and postnatal sera were tested against a standard range of auto-antigens by immunofluorescence.Main outcome measures Classification of women as having definite serological evidence of an influenza virus infection in pregnancy (cases) or as controls.Results Intercurrent influenza virus infections were identified in 182/1659 (11.0%) pregnancies. None of 138 cord sera from maternal influenza cases was positive for influenza A virus specific IgM. IgG anti-influenza antibodies did not persist in any of 12 infant sera taken at age 6–12 months. Six of 172 postnatal maternal sera from cases of influenza were positive for auto-antibodies. In all cases the corresponding antenatal serum was also positive for the same auto-antibody. There were no significant differences in pregnancy outcome measures between cases and controls. Overall, there were significantly more complications of pregnancy in the cases versus the controls, but no single type of complication achieved statistical significance.Influenza infection in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy is a relatively common event. We found no evidence for transplacental transmission of influenza virus or auto-antibody production in pregnancies complicated by influenza infections. There was an increase in the complications of pregnancy in our influenza cohort.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11621.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalytic-Iron Filters for Effective and Low-Cost Treatment of Odorous Air (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 13 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Several methods are available to remove hydrogen sulphide and volatile organic sulphides from ventilated air at sewage-treatment works. Some methods use alkaline and oxidative chemical scrubbers which may have high capital and operational costs. Other methods, such as bio-scrubbers and bio-filters, are used to biochemically oxidize sulphides. Biological scrubbers have the advantage of low operating costs, but their performance may be adversely affected by a high concentration of sulphide (〉 100 ml/m3).This paper describes the development of a novel, compact and low-cost ‘rusty-iron’ chemical filter which catalyzes the oxidation of hydrogen sulphide and organic sulphides to colloidal sulphur and water. Operating costs are relatively low, with no need for routine maintenance. Full-scale demonstration of the effectiveness of such filters was carried out over two years at several treatment works, the results of which are described and discussed together with details of capital costs. The overall percentage removal of hydrogen sulphide by compact multistage filters was found to exceed 95%, irrespective of inlet sulphide concentrations which varied from 34 to 500 ml/m3 (ppm).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1999.tb01033.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intensification of the Activated-Sludge Process (Abridged) (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 12 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: During the last thirty years, attempts have been made to increase the rate of treatment of wastewater in compact activated-sludge systems whilst ensuring (a) an adequate supply of dissolved oxygen, (b) good settleability of activated sludge, and (c) consistently high-quality effluents.This paper describes two successful systems, i.e. oxygenated activated sludge and the deep-shaft process, which are used to intensify the rate of treatment in relatively compact aeration tanks. Data are presented of full-scale oxygen activated-sludge systems, including Vitox and Unox, together with information on the operation and performance of the deep-shaft process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1998.tb00197.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent Developments in the Biological Filtration of Sewage to Produce High-Quality Nitrified Effluents (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The biological filtration of sewage remains the process which is most commonly used for small works in rural areas throughout the UK. In many cases, the need to produce an effluent of high quality with full nitrification is essential in order to comply with the standards set by the Environment Agency. Traditionally, design loading rates of biological filters have been based on historical experience of performance, and on relatively short-term statistical evaluation of the performance of a large number of treatment works, using average and maximum values for flow and loading rates. Many works which were designed on such information have failed to nitrify consistently, particularly during the winter and spring months.This paper describes the detailed evaluation of six full-scale, biological-filtration sewage-treatment works over a period of two years, in which there were significant changes in sewage flow rate, composition and temperature, from summer to winter. The key parameters which influence the production of high-quality nitrified effluents were determined. The conclusions are used to provide a detailed guide on the design of conventional-media biological filters to produce, consistently, fully-nitrified effluents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1997.tb01373.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SEQUENCING BATCH REACTORS: A REVIEW (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Sewage treatment using the activated-sludge process evolved from the fill-and-draw system which was developed by Ardern and Lockett in 1914; the sequencing batch reactor is a modern development of this system. Its success is due to modern technology, particularly the programmable logic controller which controls operational sequences. The process has a single rectangular reaction tank where the various sequences of wastewater fill and aeration, activated-sludge settlement and effluent decanting are carried out.This paper reviews the sequencing batch reactor compared with conventional activated sludge, and explains (a) the similarities and differences, (b) the circumstances in which the system is likely to be cost competitive, and (c) modifications that could increase the effectiveness of sequencing batch- reactor systems in the future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2003.tb00436.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Atlas of Cytopathology of the Head and Neck. Edited by G. Warner-Learmonth. ISBN 0340 74103 1 Arnold £80.00 (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cytopathology 11 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2303
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2303.2000.00256.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine needle cytology of palpable head and neck lesions: a comparison of sampling methods with and without suction (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cytopathology 10 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2303
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Patients attending the ear, nose and throat (ENT) department at St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK, for evaluation of palpable head and neck lesions have a fine needle cytology (FNC) specimen taken and receive the result at the same out-patient visit. This study was designed to discover if there is a significant difference in the efficiency of the methods with and without suction. The method was chosen randomly on each occasion and the adequacy or otherwise of the specimen was determined taking into account the site and nature of the lesion and the total cellularity of the sample. The level of blood contamination was also compared by each method. When benign and malignant lesions from all sites were analysed together the method with suction produced a significantly higher number of adequate samples than the method without suction. The exception was in the case of samples from lymph node lesions measuring 〈 1 cm, where adequate specimens were only obtained without suction. The non-suction technique was particularly poor at sampling salivary gland lesions in the 1–1.5 cm category. There was no significant difference in the level of blood contamination between the two methods at any site. These results are at variance with most other similar studies and possible reasons for this are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2303.1999.00156.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma cell granuloma of CNS (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 13 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1988.tb02048.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cutaneous granulomas associated with primary immunodeficiency disorders (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 153 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cutaneous granulomas are uncommon in primary immunodeficiency disorders. We report cutaneous granulomas in a child with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and compare the clinical course with similar lesions in an adult with common variable immunodeficiency (CVI). A 4-year-old female with AT developed cutaneous granulomas as erythematous plaques. The largest lesion appeared on her left cheek and continued to progress despite treatment with topical and intralesional steroids. Disease control was obtained initially with oral antibiotics and low-dose oral steroids. On cessation of oral steroids, significant relapse of the facial granuloma occurred. Pulsed and then oral steroids were required to stop the disease process leaving significant scarring. The second case is of cutaneous granulomas in a 66-year-old man, with CVI, who presented with an erythematous reticulate rash on the legs. We consider it useful to report this patient here as disease control was obtained in a similar way with systemic immunosuppression. In this patient a combination of oral steroids and azathioprine was used. These cutaneous granulomas are thought to be a manifestation of immune dysregulation. No infectious cause has been found so far. We recommend the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in conjunction with systemic steroids for progressive granulomas, as these patients are immunosuppressed and infection with an unidentified organism cannot be excluded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06619.x
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