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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial learning deficit in transgenic mice that conditionally over-express GSK-3β in the brain but do not form tau filaments (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 83 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Deregulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) activity in neurones has been postulated as a key feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. This was further supported by our recent characterization of transgenic mice that conditionally over-express GSK-3β in hippocampal and cortical neurones. These mice, designated Tet/GSK-3β, showed many of the biochemical and cellular aspects of AD neuropathology such as tau hyperphosphorylation and somatodendritic localization, decreased nuclear β-catenin, neuronal death and reactive gliosis. Tet/GSK-3β mice, however, did not show tau filament formation up to the latest tested age of 3 months at least. Here we report spatial learning deficits of Tet/GSK-3β mice in the Morris water maze. In parallel, we also measured the increase in GSK-3 activity while further exploring the possibility of tau filament formation in aged mice. We found a significant increase in GSK-3 activity in the hippocampus of Tet/GSK-3β mice whereas no tau fibrils could be found even in very old mice. These data reinforce the hypothesis of GSK-3 deregulation in AD pathogenesis, and suggest that Tet/GSK-3β mice can be used as an AD model and, most remarkably, can be used to test the therapeutic potential of the selective GSK-3 inhibitors that are currently under development. Additionally, these experiments suggest that destabilization of microtubules and alteration of intracellular metabolic pathways contribute to AD pathogenesis independent of toxicity triggered by the aberrant tau deposits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01269.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transfer of Function to a Specific Area of the Cortex After Induced Recovery from Brain Damage (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 4 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Different methods of inducing recovery after brain damage and different mechanisms that might mediate the induced recovery have been proposed. One possible mechanism involves the ability of one part of the brain to take over the function of another. We show here in rats that (1) bar-pressing behaviour to eliminate an aversive stimulus, which becomes dramatically impaired after bilateral lesion of the frontal primary motor - sensory cortex, is recovered when the animals receive an electrical intracranial stimulation in the ventral tegmental nucleus of the brain contingent on an adequate response during performance in the behavioural task, (2) in recovered animals an area in the posterior primary motor – sensory cortex, the hindlimb motor - sensory cortex, shows a 35% increase in the number of fos-like immunoreactive cells compared to non-recovered animals, and (3) a bilateral lesion of this area in recovered animals reinstates the impairment in the performance of the behavioural task. These results indicate that an area of the cerebral cortex is able to assume the role of another area after induced recovery from brain damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1992.tb00195.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid glucocorticoid effects on excitatory amino acid levels in the hippocampus: a microdialysis study in freely moving rats (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 11 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Glucocorticoids can rapidly affect neuronal function and behaviour in mammals. Several studies have suggested the possible existence of rapid, non-genomic effects of glucocorticoids in the hippocampus. To investigate whether glucocorticoids could affect neurotransmission in the hippocampus through rapid, non-genomic mechanisms, we studied the effects of acute glucocorticoid administration on extracellular amino acid levels in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. By means of microdialysis on freely moving rats, we observed that an intraperitoneal injection of corticosterone (2.5 mg/kg) induced a rapid (within 15 min) and transient (returning to basal levels by 35–45 min) increase in extracellular aspartate and glutamate levels (∼ 155–160%), both in sham-operated and adrenalectomized rats. These effects occurred in parallel with a rise in corticosterone concentration, also detected by microdialysis, in this hippocampal area. Intrahippocampal perfusion of corticosterone by retrodialysis also produced the same fast and reversible effects on excitatory amino acid (EAA) levels. Extracellular concentrations of taurine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were unchanged after intrahippocampal glucocorticoid administration. This corticosterone-mediated rise in EAA levels was not inhibited by the presence of specific antagonists for the two types of intracellular corticosteroid receptors, nor by a protein synthesis inhibitor, anisomycin. Perfusion of dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, elicited a similar effect to that observed with corticosterone treatment in all studied cases. However, non-glucocorticoid steroids did not affect amino acid transmission in this hippocampal area. These results indicate that glucocorticoids induce a rapid and transient increase in hippocampal EAA levels in vivo that might be exerted through a novel non-genomic mechanism of action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00668.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Naloxone prevents the facilitatory effect upon retention induced by adrenaline administration in rats (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 94 (1988), S. 227-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Adrenaline ; Naloxone ; Passive ; Avoidance ; Retention ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The possible involvement of endogenous opioid peptides in the development of the facilitatory effect of adrenaline on memory has been investigated. For this purpose post-training administration of adrenaline and/or naloxone was carried out in rats tested in an inhibitory avoidance paradigm and subjected or not to pre-training (extensive familiarization with the training situation prior to the acquisition trial). Adrenaline injected subcutaneously in a dose of 500 μg/kg facilitated retention performance in rats both subjected or not to pre-training. Naloxone administered SC (400 μg/rat) did not influence retention behaviour in rats subjected or not to pre-training, nor did ICV (0.80 ng/rat) administration. Interestingly, the opiate antagonist when injected SC (400 μg/rat) prevented the facilitatory effect exerted by adrenaline in pretrained as well as in not pre-trained rats. However, ICV administration of naloxone (0.80 μg/rat) dit not influence the behavioral effects exerted by the bioamine. These data suggested a role of endogenous opioid peptides on the facilitatory effect of adrenaline on memory, possibly independent of novelty factors and thus of the brain β-endorphin system. In addition, our results point to the periphery as the most likely site for such interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176850
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of acute and chronic administration of morphine on the turnover of brain and adrenal catecholamines in rats (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 68 (1980), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Catecholamines ; Turnover ; Brain ; Adrenal glands ; Morphine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Brain and adrenal catecholamine turnover in adult female rats treated with morphine was investigated. A different time course response of brain and adrenal catecholamines to α-methyl-p-tyrosine methylester (AMT) administration in normal rats was observed; the catecholamine turnover rate in adrenal glands appeared to be much slower than in the brain. Acute morphine increased the turnover of brain dopamine and noradrenaline as well as of adrenal catecholamines, whereas chronic morphine treatment induced a decrease in the turnover of brain noradrenaline. Withdrawal induced by nalorphine produced an increase in the utilization of brain noradrenaline and adrenal catecholamines; this effect could be related to the withdrawal stress situation induced by the opiate antagonist. Although the mechanism of morphine action may implicate other neurotransmitters besides catecholamines, our results contribute to evidence that brain and adrenal catecholamines could be involved in the mechanism of morphine tolerance and/or dependence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426648
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of adrenaline on the acquisition and maintenance of ethanol preference in a taste conditioning paradigm (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 90 (1986), S. 336-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Adrenaline ; Taste paradigm ; Ethanol preference ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of subcutaneous adrenaline administration on preference for ethanol (2.5% solution) have been investigated, using a two-bottle choice situation. Administration of the amine (50 μg/kg) immediately after the conditioning session significantly attenuated ethanol preference. Adrenaline treatment (10, 50 or 100 μg/kg) prior to the first retention test induced a significant reduction in ethanol preference. When the amine was injected prior to conditioning only the dose of 100 μg/kg reduced later ethanol preference. Our results indicate that systemically administered adrenaline impairs the acquisition of preference to a weak ethanol solution. It is suggested that this effect of the amine may be linked to interference with consolidation of memory and retrieval processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00179187
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Administration of leu-enkephalin impairs the acquisition of preference for ethanol (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 100 (1990), S. 350-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Opiates ; Leu-enkephalin ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of subcutaneous administration of leuenkephalin (LEU-E) (10, 100 and 300 µg/kg) and LEU-E (100 µg/kg) plus naloxone (2.5 mg/kg) on ethanol preference and fluid intake have been investigated in rats. Under our procedural conditions, rats develop ethanol preference through forced ethanol drinking (conditioning session). Preconditioning administration of LEU-E induced a reduction of later ethanol preference. Post-conditioning administration of LEU-E (10 and 100 µg/kg) also attenuated the development of ethanol preference. NX antagonized the effects of LEU-E on ethanol preference and fluid consumption in the two experimental procedures used, indicating an involvement of opioid receptors in the LEU-E-induced impairment of the acquisition of ethanol preference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244605
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid phase vs. solution phase differential behavior: Formation of a salicylate structure from a malondialdehyde moiety (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular diversity 5 (2000), S. 163-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-501X
    Keywords: 3-formylchromone ; Merrifield resin ; salicylate ; solid-phase ; Wang resin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Treatment of 2, solid supported synthetic equivalent of 3-formylchromone (4), and ethyl acetoacetate affords the salicylate structure 8 instead of the previously reported isophtalate 7. This is the first formation of a salicylate by a double carbonyl condensation of a malondialdehyde moiety ever reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016246405906
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis, Structure, and Antitumour Testing of Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes of 1,6-Diaminotetrahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrrole-2,5(1H,4H)-dioneDedicated to Professor Dr. Pedro Victory on the occasion of his 65th birthday. (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 126 (1993), S. 2159-2165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrrole-2,5(1H,4H)-dione, 1,6-diaminotetrahydro- ; Platinum(II) complex ; Palladium(II) complex ; Dicarboxylato Pt(II) complexes ; Antitumour activity ; Amino group geminal coupling ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The syntheses of the platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes of 1,6-diaminotetrahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrrole-2,5(1H,4H)-dione (3) are described. These compounds contain a six-membered chelate ring with four nitrogen atoms. An X-ray diffraction study of the palladium(II) complex [Pd(3)Cl2] shows a distorted “sofa” conformation for this chelate ring. Both complexes exhibited in the 1H-NMR spectrum an ABgem system for the amino protons. In vitro ICL50 and ICT50 and in vivo antitumour activities have been determined for these products. The corresponding dicarboxylato complexes have been obtained by the reaction of the platinum(II) complex [Pt(3)Cl2] with silver sulfate followed by the addition of barium hydroxide and oxalic, malonic, hydroxymalonic, and 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19931261002
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