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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemistry of Sponges, VI. Scalarane Sesterterpenes from Hyatella intestinalis (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of natural products 52 (1989), S. 289-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6025
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50062a012
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Algal overgrowth of alcyonacean soft corals (1987)
    Springer
    Marine biology 96 (1987), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Colonies of the soft coral Lobophytum pauciflorum (Ehrenberg, 1834) (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Alcyoniidae), some of which were heavily overgrown by the algae Ceranium flaccidum (Kuetzing) Ardissone and Enteromorpha sp., and other minor epizoites, were collected at Taylor Reef (17°50′S; 146°35′E) in the Great Barrier Reef. Overgrown colonies contained the diterpene 2-epi-sarcophytoxide as the major secondary metabolite, while conspecific colonies with clean polyparies contained two diterpenes in approximately equal amounts: 14-hydroxycembra-1,3,7,11-tetraene and 15-hydroxycembra-1,3,7,11-tetraene. By contrast, twenty conspecific pairs of overgrown and clean colonies of other alcyoniid soft corals collected from Pelorus Channel, Palm Island Group (18°34′S; 146°29′E), showed no chemical differences within in the pairs. Cultures of a common species of Ceramium [C. codii (Richards) Mazoyer] were incubated with different concentrations of nine soft-coral-derived diterpenes and significant algal growth inhibition was observed in many cases. It appears that terpenoids from soft coral may contribute to the lack of epizoic organisms on soft-coral polyparies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394846
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical aspects of mass spawning in corals. II. (-)-Epi-thunbergol, the sperm attractant in the eggs of the soft coral Lobophytum crassum (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) (1995)
    Springer
    Marine biology 123 (1995), S. 137-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The eggs of Lobophytum crassum Von Marenzeller, 1886, collected at Magnetic Island (19°10′S; 146°52′E) in October or November between 1983 and 1993, contained significant amounts (6% dry weight) of (-)-epi-thunbergol, in addition to other terpenoid metabolites also present in the parent colony. (-)-Epi-thunbergol was not present in the tissues of the releasing colony. Using fluorocarbon droplets impregnated with the chemotactic molecules and a videomicroscopic technique for the direct observation of sperm under the influence of attractant molecules, we showed that (-)-epi-thunbergol, whether isolated from L. crassum or from a gorgonian octocoral (Briareum sp.), significantly attracts sperm from L. crassum colonies. Attraction could be detected using direct observation at concentrations as low as 3.25 μg ml-1. This is the first evidence for sperm chemotaxis in the Alcyonacea. Eggs from L compactum, a common alcyonacean coral at Orpheus Island (18°36′S; 146°29′E) contained (-)-thunbergol as the egg-specific compound. L. compactum was not found at Magnetic Island. (-)-Thunbergol from L. compactum and (+)-thunbergol from a Douglas fir tree both showed levels of attraction similar to (-)-epi-thunbergol against L. crassum sperm. Although L. crassum sperm were apparently neither stereo- nor enantio-specific in their selectivity for chemotactic molecules, (-)-epi-thunbergol was identified as the natural sperm attractant in the eggs of L. crassum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350332
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical aspects of mass spawning in corals. I. Sperm-attractant molecules in the eggs of the scleractinian coral Montipora digitata (1994)
    Springer
    Marine biology 118 (1994), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper provides the first evidence for sperm chemotaxis in the Scleractinia. Montipora digitata Dana, 1845 (Scleractinia: Coelenterata) is a hermaphroditic coral which reproduces bi-annually, releasing egg-sperm bundles during the mass spawning at Magnetic Island (19°10′S; 146°52′E) in late spring-early summer, and autumn each year. The buoyant egg-sperm bundles float to the surface where they break apart, releasing eggs and sperm into the ocean. Fertilisation occurs after ∼30 min. Unfertilized eggs were collected, washed free of sperm, and freeze-dried. The eggs were extracted with dichloromethane, fractionated by chromatography on silica gel, and the fractions assayed for their ability to attract M. digitata sperm. The active fraction was further fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography, resulting in the isolation of three highly unsaturated fatty alcohols: (1) dodeca-2,4-diynol; (2) tetradec-13-ene-2,4-diynol; (3) (14Z)-heptadeca-14,16-diene-2,4-diynol. Of these three compounds, only Compound 1 attracted sperm of M. digitata. Synthetic Compound 1, produced from simple precursors by known reactions, possessed sperm-attracting activity comparable to the naturally derived attractant. Preliminary experiments suggest that the natural mixture of Compounds 1, 2 and 3 in the ratio 1:4:9 is more effective in attracting sperm from M. digitata than sperm from other Montipora species. Sperm attractants may act to reduce the incidence of hybridisation between different species of Montipora.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349783
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (4R*,8S*,11R*,13S*,14R*)-8,11-Epoxy-14-hydroxy-11-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)-6,9-dioxocyclotetradec-1-ene-1,3-carbolactone (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 35 (1979), S. 1283-1284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S056774087900621X
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical consequences of relocation of the soft coral Lobophytum compactum and its placement in contact with the red alga Plocamium hamatum (1995)
    Springer
    Marine biology 122 (1995), S. 675-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seven colonies of Lobophytum compactum Tixier-Durivault, 1956, which produce isolobophytolide as the major secondary metabolite, were selected from a fringing reef in the Pelorus Channel, Palm Island Group (18°34′S; 146°29′E), North Queensland, Australia. In September 1991, they were sectioned to afford two portions which were relocated to a grid, and a significant part of the parent colony which was left in place. The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of relocation and contact with a toxic alga on the secondary metabolite content of a soft coral. A significant increase in the concentration of isolobophytolide was observed for all relocated colonies (n=14, p=0.001) compared to the non-relocated control colonies. This decreased after 2 mo, and was not significantly different from that of the non-relocated control colonies (n=14, p=0.881). After 1 mo, Plocamium hamatum J. Agardh plants were placed in direct contact with 50% of the relocated colonies. All soft-coral colonies in contact with the alga (n=7), showed tissue necrosis on the parts in direct contact with the alga after a further 2 wk. Tissues of the relocated control colonies (n=7), and those portions of treated colonies which were not in direct contact with the alga, were not affected. The parts of the colonies in contact with the alga showed a significant decrease in lipid content over time (n=7, p=0.001) and also a decrease in the concentration of the diterpene isolobophytolide (n=7, p=0.001). The effects of P. hamatum on the soft coral were essentially restricted to contract necrosis; chemical variations in the affected tissue were the outcomes of this necrosis. These results indicate that stress due to relocation is a more important factor in the variation of isolobophytolide levels in the soft coral L. compactum than is contact with the alga P. hamatum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350689
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation of soft coral (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) terpenes by Ovula ovum (Mollusca: Prosobranchia) (1983)
    Springer
    Marine biology 74 (1983), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The faecal pellets from specimens of the prosobranch mollusc Ovula ovum found feeding on the soft coral Sarcophyton sp. at Eclipse Island, Palm Island Group (18°46′S; 146°33′E) in November 1980 were analysed. The only terpene present in the faeces, 7,8-deoxysarcophytoxide, differed from the major constituent of the soft coral, sarcophytoxide, suggesting that the latter had been transformed into the former within the cowrie. This transformation is not trivial, and could not be produced simply by acid catalysis. Subsequent analysis of tissues dissected from different regions of O. ovum indicates that the transformation is probably effected by enzymes in the digestive diverticula stomach region of the prosobranch. The transformed compound is significantly less toxic to the mosquito fish Gambusia affinis Baird and Girard than the ingested compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394272
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structures and possible functions of epoxypukalide and pukalide (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1177-1191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sinularia spp. ; spawning ; soft coral ; pukalide ; epoxypukalide ; structure determination ; diterpene ; octocorals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Chemical analysis of the eggs spawned by fiveSinularia soft corals (Octocorallia, Alcyoniidae) collected in the central region of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, revealed the presence of the known cembranoid diterpenes epoxypukalide and/or pukalide in all cases. Examination of the colonies from which the eggs were released one month before spawning and also some time after spawning failed to detect either diterpene in the coral tissue. The three dimensional structures of pukalide and epoxypukalide, as determined by the single-crystal X-ray technique, are reported for the first time. The wide distribution of pukalide and epoxypukalide and of related compounds within the octocorallia is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014821
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