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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part B: Biochemistry and 103 (1992), S. 65-69 
    ISSN: 0305-0491
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Applied Animal Behaviour Science 38 (1993), S. 41-47 
    ISSN: 0168-1591
    Keywords: Goat ; Leadership
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0377-8401
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Animal Feed Science and Technology 9 (1983), S. 1-17 
    ISSN: 0377-8401
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Small Ruminant Research 3 (1990), S. 37-46 
    ISSN: 0921-4488
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Metabolism ; Glutamate ; Gluconeogenesis ; Stable isotopes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The central pathways of metabolism include glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis and beta-oxidation, the citric acid cycle and ureagenesis. Because these pathways intersect, changes in one pathway, due to inborn error or disease, affect pathways that may seem remote from the initial metabolic defect. These metabolic interrelationships also present difficulties for isotopic studies, because once carbon derived from isotopic tracers is introduced into metabolism it is extensively recycled. The use of multiple labeled (especially uniformly 13C-labeled ([U-13C]), metabolic tracers, in conjunction with mass isotopomer distribution analysis of mass and nuclear magnetic spectra, has enabled the development of methods that resolve some of these difficulties. Suitable choices of tracers and analytes allow the simultaneous measurement of multiple pathways and, importantly, their kinetic interrelationships. We illustrate three uses of the technique: (1) the unequivocal determination of tracee fluxes; (2) the quantification of biosynthetic pathways; and (3) the dissection, in vivo, of the citric acid (Krebs) cycle. In each case, different combinations of [U-13C]tracer and metabolic end product have revealed metabolic phenomena that otherwise would remain unidentified. A particularly striking, and unexpected, observation that has emerged from recent studies using the technique, suggests that the key dehydrogenase reactions in the Krebs cycle may be reversible. Although this approach is of relatively recent development, it has already given a number of novel insights into the organization of the central metabolic pathways. It should provide a powerful method of investigating the metabolic impact of genetic disease and provide invaluable support of the assessment of new therapeutic interventions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 146 (1998), S. S39 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Key words Nucleotides ; Purines ; Pyrimidines ; Human milk ; Infant nutrition ; Schlüsselwörter Nukleotide ; Purine ; Pyrimidine ; Muttermilch ; Säuglingsernährung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nukleotide sind biologische Verbindungen mit niedrigem Molekulargewicht, die in fast allen biologischen Prozessen eine Schlüsselrolle spielen. Zell-Nukleinsäuren und -Nukleotide werden ständig synthetisiert, abgebaut und wiederverwendet. Der Bestand des Körpers stammt aus drei möglichen Quellen: Neusynthese, Wiederverwertung der vorgeformten Basen und Zufuhr mit der Nahrung. Es wird allgemein anerkannt, daß die Neusynthese von Purinen und Pyrimidinen aus den Ausgangs-Aminosäuren den zellulären Bedarf für die Nukleinsäuren-Synthese ausreichend zu decken vermag. In Situationen, in denen die Proteinzufuhr reduziert ist oder ein erhöhter Bedarf für die Nukleotidsynthese besteht (nach Verletzungen des Darms, nach chirurgischem Trauma, bei Sepsis, bei raschem Wachstum: in der Schwangerschaft und bei Neugeborenen, etc.), können einige Gewebe mit schneller Zellerneuerung (Darm, Immunsystem) die Wiederverwertung von exogenen, mit der Nahrung zugeführten Nukleotiden erhöhen, in dem sie deren Abbau reduzieren. In solchen Situationen können Nukleotide konditionell essentielle Nährstoffe werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den möglichen günstigen Effekten von Nukleotiden in der Nahrung auf den Dünndarm (Reifung und Genesung), die Mikroflora des Darms, den Fett- und Leberstoffwechsel sowie auf das Immunsystem. Muttermilch ist die beste Nukleotid-Quelle für Säuglinge und das Nukleotid-/Nukleosidmuster der Muttermilch weist eine deutliche Prädominanz der Pyrimidine über die Purine auf. Weiterhin werden die Pyrimidine während der Speicherungsphase in der Brust sowie während des Verdauungsprozesses im Dünndarm offensichtlich besser konserviert als die Purine sowie besser absorbiert und in die RNA der Gewebe eingebaut. Weitere Forschungsarbeit ist nötig, um die Zusammensetzung Nukleotid-supplementierter Säuglingsnahrungen zu verbessern. Unter anderem sollten 1) in vivo Studien durchgeführt werden, um zu untersuchen, ob Nahrungs-Nukleotide in Situationen von Stress und schnellem Wachstum vermehrt in die RNA der Gewebe eingebaut werden und 2) die biologischen Effekte individuell zugeführter Purin- und Pyrimid-Nukleotide untersucht werden.
    Notes: Summary Nucleotides are low molecular weight biological compounds that play major roles in almost all-biological processes. Cell nucleic acids and nucleotides are continuously synthesised, degraded and salvaged. The body’s pools derive from three potential sources: synthesis de novo, salvage (recycling of preformed bases) and the diet. It is generally accepted that de novo synthesis of both purines and pyrimidines from amino acid precursors is capable of supporting the cellular needs for nucleic acid synthesis. When protein intake is decreased or in situations in which there are a high demand of nucleotides synthesis (after gut injury, after surgical trauma, sepsis, rapid growth: pregnancy or newborn infants, etc.) some tissues with a rapid turnover (gut and immune system) may increase the salvage of exogenous nucleotides coming from the diet. Therefore, nucleotides may become conditionally essential nutrients. This article discusses the possible beneficial effects of dietary nucleotides on small intestine (maturation and recovery) and gut microflora, lipid and hepatic metabolism and on the immune system. Human milk is the best source of nucleotides for young infants and the nucleotide/nucleoside profile of it shows a substantial predominance for pyrimidines as compared to purines. Moreover, pyrimidine nucleotides seem to be better preserved in breast milk during storage in the breast and during digestion in the small intestine and they are more absorbed and incorporated into tissue RNA, as compared to purine ones. Additional research should be done to improve the design of nucleotides supplemented infant formulas. This includes: 1) to investigate in vivo if the incorporation of dietary nucleotides in tissue RNA is enhanced in situations of stress or rapid growth and 2) to study the biological effects of individually administered purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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