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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential for long-distance dispersal of Euphausia crystallorophias in fast current jets (1999)
    Springer
    Marine biology 135 (1999), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The euphausiid Euphausia crystallorophias Holt and Tattersall, 1906 is considered to be a neritic species. It has been found in greatest abundance along the Antarctic continental margins, often in association with regions of pack ice. Although E. crystallorophias has been observed at some islands to the west of the Antarctic Peninsula, the species has not previously been reported from islands of the maritime- or sub-Antarctic further north. During an oceanographic transect in November 1997 from South Georgia to the South Sandwich Islands, acoustic observations revealed a dense, discrete pelagic target at 50 m. The target was fished and was found to be an aggregation of small E. crystallorophias. The fishing location (54.48°S; 30.61°W) was 〉1500 km from the Antarctic continent, and 〉250 km from the nearest land, in water of several thousands of metres depth – clearly a non-neritic environment. Examination of hydrographic data revealed that the E. crystallorophias swarm had been located within a fast-flowing band of water that had characteristics of water found near the Antarctic Peninsula. This band was ≃150 km wide, and had a speed ranging from 9 to 22 km d−1 in a north-easterly direction. The possible origins of this E. crystallorophias swarm are explored in the light of the eddy-dominated current patterns prevalent in the Weddell–Scotia Confluence region, and with reference to published growth-rate estimates for the species. We discuss the potential for long-distance dispersal of E. crystallorophias and other neritic species in fast current jets, and examine how such oceanographic features could facilitate long-distance dispersal, colonization, and gene flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050603
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nucleotide sequence and evolution of ovine MHC class II B genes: DQB and DRB (1992)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 35 (1992), S. 217-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185117
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning and characterization of ovine homeo-box-containing genes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Gene 63 (1988), S. 187-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: Recombinant DNA ; embryonic expression ; gene conservation ; human ; introns ; mouse ; oligodeoxynucleotide probes ; phage λ vector ; sheep
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0378-1119(88)90524-0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioassay of a hemostatic factor from peanuts
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 89 (1960), S. 276-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(60)90054-0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MOLECULAR MECHANISMS REGULATING TH1 IMMUNE RESPONSES (2003)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 21 (2003), S. 713-758 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The T helper lymphocyte is responsible for orchestrating the appropriate immune response to a wide variety of pathogens. The recognition of the polarized T helper cell subsets Th1 and Th2 has led to an understanding of the role of these cells in coordinating a variety of immune responses, both in responses to pathogens and in autoimmune and allergic disease. Here, we discuss the mechanisms that control lineage commitment to the Th1 phenotype. What has recently emerged is a rich understanding of the cytokines, receptors, signal transduction pathways, and transcription factors involved in Th1 differentiation. Although the picture is still incomplete, the basic pathways leading to Th1 differentiation can now be understood in in vitro and a number of infection and disease models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.140942
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An increase in expression of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis mycolyl transferase gene (fbpB) occurs early after infection of human monocytes (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 39 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Changes in the mRNA levels of two Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes (fbpB known as antigen 85B, and hspX known as Acr) were studied in infected human monocytes. Antigen 85B is an enzyme involved in cell wall biosynthesis and is also a major target of the immune response. Acr is a stress protein believed to be involved in the bacillary response to adverse conditions and in non-replicating persistence. During the first 24 h of intracellular infection, the intramonocyte 85B mRNA level increased 54-fold (P = 0.00001) and 14.6 times in comparison with the 16S ribosomal rRNA. In contrast, the Acr mRNA fell 14.3 times. Although monocyte cytokine production was very variable, the 24 h secretion of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α correlated with the 85B−16S RNA ratio at 24 h (r = 0.77, Pcorr 〈 0.01). Furthermore, the addition of exogenous TNF-α to cultures was associated with a twofold increase in the 85B−16S ratio and, conversely, neutralization of endogenous TNF-α reduced the ratio. As antigen 85B also induces TNF-α, the positive feedback implied by our findings suggests a previously unsuspected role for this protein in the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02280.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bi-functional effects of ATP/P2 receptor activation on tumor necrosis factor-alpha release in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated astrocytes (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 92 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neuroinflammation is associated with a variety of CNS pathologies. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a major proinflammatory cytokine, as well as extracellular ATP, are increased following various CNS insults. Here we report on the relationship between ATP/P2 purinergic receptor activation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-α release from primary cultures of rat cortical astrocytes. Using ELISA, we confirmed that treatment with LPS stimulated the release of TNF-α in a concentration and time dependent manner. ATP treatment alone had no effect on TNF-α release. LPS-induced TNF-α release was attenuated by 1 mm ATP, a concentration known to activate P2X7 receptors. Consistent with this, 3′-O-(4-Benzoyl)benzoyl-ATP (BzATP), a P2X7 receptor agonist, also attenuated LPS-induced TNF-α release. This reduction in TNF-α release was not due to loss of cell viability. Adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine were ineffective, suggesting that attenuation of LPS-induced TNF-α release by ATP was not due to ATP breakdown and subsequent activation of adenosine/P1 receptors. Interestingly, treatment of astrocyte cultures with 10 µm or 100 µm ATP potentiated TNF-α release induced by a submaximal concentration of LPS. UTP and 2methylthioADP (2-MeSADP), P2Y receptor agonists, also enhanced this LPS-induced TNF-α release. Our observations demonstrate opposing effects of ATP/P2 receptor activation on TNF-α release, i.e. P2X receptor activation attenuates, whereas P2Y receptor activation potentiates TNF-α release in LPS-stimulated astrocytes. These observations suggest a mechanism whereby astrocytes can sense the severity of damage in the CNS via ATP release from damaged cells and can modulate the TNF-α mediated inflammatory response depending on the extracellular ATP concentration and corresponding type of astrocyte ATP/P2 receptor activated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02885.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Deep Sedation for Electrophysiology Procedures Administered in the Absence of an Anesthetist (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Several procedures performed in the electrophysiology laboratory (EP lab) require surgical manipulation and are lengthy. Patients undergoing such procedures usually receive general anesthesia or deep sedation administered by an anesthesiologist. In 536 consecutive procedures performed in the EP lab, we assessed the safety and efficacy of deep sedation administered under the direction of an electrophysiologist and in the absence of an anesthetist. Patients were monitored with pulse oximetry, noninvasive blood pressure recordings, and continuous ECGs. The level of consciousness and vital signs were evaluated at 5-minute intervals. Deep sedation was induced in 260 patients using midazolam, phenergan, and meperidine, then maintained with intermittent dosing of meperidine at the following mean doses: midazolam 0.031 ± 0.024 mg/kg; phenergan 0.314 ± 0.179 mg/kg; and meperidine 0.391 ± 0.167 mg/kg per hour. In the remaining 276 patients, deep sedation was induced with midazolam and fentanyl and maintained with a continuous infusion of fentanyl at a mean dose of 2.054 ± 1.43 μg/kg per hour. Fourteen patients experienced a transient reduction in oxygen saturation that was readily reversed following administration of naloxone. An additional 11 patients desaturated secondary to partial airway obstruction, which resolved after repositioning the head and neck. Fourteen patients experienced hypotension with fentanyl. All but one returned to baseline blood pressures following an infusion of normal saline. No patient required intubation and no death occurred. Only three patients had recollection of periprocedure events. No patient remembered experiencing pain with the procedure. Hospital stays were not prolonged as a result of the sedation used. In conclusion: (1) deep sedation during EP procedures can be administered safely under the guidance of the electrophysiologist without an anesthetist present; (2) the drugs used should be readily reversible in case of respiratory depression; and (3) this approach may reduce the overall cost of the procedures in the EP lab, maintaining adequate patient comfort.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1997.tb03571.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Safety of Slow Pathway Ablation in Patients with Long PR Interval: Further Evidence of Fast and Slow Pathway Interaction (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Whether the presence of abnormal PR before selective slow pathway ablation for AV node reentrant tachycardia increased the risk of complete heart block remains controversial. We report our experience in seven patients with prolonged PR intervals undergoing catheter ablation for AV reentry tachycardia. Their mean age was 66 ± 12 years; four patients were female and three were male. RF ablation was performed using an anatomically guided stepwise approach. In six patients, common type AV node reentry was induced and uncommon type was observed in the remaining patient. In all seven patients, successful selective slow pathway ablation was associated with no occurrence of complete heart block and was followed by shortening of the AH interval in five patients. In all seven patients, successful ablation was achieved at anterior sites (M1 in two patients and M2 in five patients). Despite AH shortening after ablation, the 1:1 AV conduction was prolonged after elimination of the slow pathway, excluding either sympathetic tone activation or parasympathetic denervation. In conclusion, selective slow pathway ablation can be performed safely in the majority of patients with prolonged PR interval before the procedure. Because successful ablation is achieved at anterior sites in most patients, careful selection and monitoring of catheter position is required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1997.tb03542.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Safety of Nurse-Administered Deep Sedation for Defibrillator Implantation in the Electrophysiology Laboratory (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 7 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: ICD and Sedation. Implantation of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in the electrophysiology (EP) laboratory has been shown to be safe. However, general endotracheal anesthesia and/or administration of sedatives is mostly performed by anesthesiologists. In 53 patients undergoing ICD implantation in the EP laboratory, we prospectively assessed whether deep sedation without endotracheal intubation can be administered by nursing personnel under medical supervision. The mean patient age was 67 ± 7 years, and the mean ejection fraction was 32 ± 8%. All ICDs were placed in the abdomen requiring lead tunneling. Patients were monitored with pulse oximetry and noninvasive blood pressure recordings. The level of consciousness and vital signs were evaluated at 5-minute intervals. Deep sedation was induced with phenergan and midazolam and maintained with either meperidine or fentanyl. The mean doses given were as follows: phenergan 0.33 ± 0.15 mg/kg, midazolam 0.05 ± 0.03 mg/kg, meperidine 0.46 ± 0.10 mg/kg per hour, and fentanyl 1.94 ± 0.71 μg/kg per hour. None of the patients required intubation during or after the procedure. No death occurred and no patient had any recollection of the procedure. In three patients, O2 desaturation was easily managed by transient reversion of the effects of meperidine or fentanyl with naloxone. No patient experienced prolonged hospitalization after the implant (mean 2.4 ± 0.5 days). In conclusion: (1) adequate sedation for ICD implantation and testing can be administered safely by nursing staff in the EP lab; (2) optimum sedation protocols should include drugs easy to reverse in case of excessive respiratory depression; and (3) this may represent a more cost-effective approach to ICD implantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1996.tb00531.x
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