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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermentation of arabinose to ethanol by Sarcina ventriculi (1984)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 19 (1984), S. 161-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary In the absence of oxygen, a strain of sarcina ventriculi, isolated from soil, could rapidly and completely ferment up to 20 g/l of arabinose. The principal products were ethanol, acetate, CO2 and H2. The yield of alcohol, up to 30% by weight of the sugar fermented, was not appreciably influenced by the pH of fermentation in the range 4–7. Sugar concentrations up to 100 g/l did not affect initial growth, but fermentation was incomplete at high sugar levels. This was probably due to the accumulation of end products other than ethanol, because the cells could grow in the presence of up to 25 g/l of added ethanol. Glucose, galactose and arabinose were sequentially utilized, in that order, when initially present as a mixed substrate. These sugars are major components of the hemicellulose from some agricultural residues. Practical implications for the general problem of pentose conversion to alcohol are discussed briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256448
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of oxygen on the metabolism of Zymomonas mobilis (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 139 (1984), S. 376-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Zymomonas mobilis ; Aerobic growth ; Oxygen consumption ; NADH oxidase ; Superoxide dismutase ; Catalase ; Formation of acetaldehyde and acetic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The specific growth rate of the ethanol producing bacterium Zymomonas mobilis was 25–40% lower in the presence of oxygen than under anaerobic conditions, provided the cultures were supplied with a low substrate concentration (20 g glucose/l). However, the molar growth yield of these cultures was not influenced by oxygen. With washed cell suspensions, an oxygen consumption could be initiated by the addition of either glucose, fructose, or ethanol. Cell extracts catalyzed the oxidation of NADH with oxygen at a molar ratio of 2:1. Further experiments showed that this NADH oxidase is located in the cell membrane. The specific oxygen consumption rates of cell suspensions correlated with the intracellular NADH oxidizing activities; both levels decreased with increasing concentrations of the fermentation end-product ethanol. The addition of 5 mM NaCN completely inhibited both the intracellular oxygen reduction and also the oxygen consumption of whole cells. Both catalase and superoxide dismutase were present even in anaerobically grown cells. Aeration seemed to have little effect on the level of catalase, but the superoxide dismutase activity was 5-fold higher in cells grown aerobically. Under aerobic conditions considerable amounts of acetaldehyde and acetic acid were formed in addition to the normal fermentation products, ethanol and carbon dioxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408383
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of ethanol on the hopanoid content and the fatty acid pattern in batch and continuous cultures of Zymomonas mobilis (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 140 (1985), S. 312-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Zymomonas mobilis ; Hopanoids ; Fatty acids ; Batch culture ; Continuous culture ; Ethanol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract By thin layer chromatographic, gas-liquid chromatographic, and mass spectrometric methods 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxypentane-29-hopane (THBH) was shown to occur in Zymomonas mobilis. This compound contributed up to 20% to the total lipids. The fatty acid pattern and the content of hopanoids (hopene, hopanol, and THBH) were determined in batch and continuous cultures. In late exponential cells from batch cultures the relative amount of palmitic acid was increased partially at the expense of cis-vaccenic acid, when the initial glucose concentrations were increased. In a batch culture, THBH reached a maximum value in the early exponential growth phase. In an anaerobic continuous culture with a low glucose feed concentration, the THBH content and the relative amount of cis-vaccenic acid were low. The contribution of both compounds increased strongly with increasing glucose feed concentrations (i.e. at higher steady-state ethanol concentrations). The same result was found with aerobic continuous cultures which produced significant amounts of acetaldehyde and acetic acid, in addition to ethanol and carbon dioxide. It was concluded that stability and permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane of the ethanol producing bacterium Z. mobilis was regulated by variations in the distribution of hopanoids and fatty acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446969
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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