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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 33 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . Immunological relationships between genera and species of microsporidia were examined by immunoblot analysis. Exospore polypeptides from two Nosema spp., three Vairimorpha spp., and two undescribed Vairimorpha-like isolates were analyzed. Gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis revealed that a variety of polypeptides, mostly between 15,000 and 90,000 molecular weight, are present on the exospore. The three Vairimorpha spp. are closely related immunologically to each other, but less so to the two undescribed Vairimorpha-like isolates. The two Nosema spp. are immunologically distant from each other and from the Vairimorpha spp. Indirect evidence, however, indicated that many internal spore polypeptides present in both genera are similar. Cross-reactivity between exospore polypeptides from entomophilic microsporidia and antisera to a mammalian microsporidium, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, was very limited. These results indicate that immunoblot analysis of exospore polypeptides may be employed to investigate the interrelatedness of microsporidian species, and that exospore polypeptides of some microsporidia are sufficiently diverse to be of immunodiagnostic value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 32 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two new species of the genus Nosema (Microsporida: Nosematidae) are described from the Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and their life cycle stages studied by light and electron microscopy. Both species are monomorphic and disporous: they develop in direct contact with the cytoplasm of host cells and the nuclei of all stages are diplokaryotic. The more virulent species produces systemic infections most extensively in the adipose tissue, muscles, and Malpighian tubules of larvae and also invades the reproductive tissues of adult beetles. During merogonic development, it forms chains of diplokaryotic meronts. The fine structure of the sporoblast nuclei shows clumped material in the pole of each nucleus opposite their common plane of apposition. Spores are straight to slightly curved and ovocylindrical in shape and they measure 5.3 ± 0.13 × 2.1 ± 0.03 μm. The less virulent species also invades most host tissues but does not develop in the midgut epithelium; the Malpighian tubules are the principal site of its development and it also invades the ovaries and testes of adult beetles. Merogony occurs exclusively as the result of binary fission of diplokaryotic meronts. The plasmalemma of the meronts is covered with a thin deposit of exospore material upon which are located closely packed tubules that encircle the body transversely. A thickened deposit of exospore material on the surface of the diplokaryotic sporonts later obscures these tubules. Other tubules occur free in the host cell cytoplasm or attached to the plasmalemma of meronts and sporonts. Secretory granules also occur free or in chains in the host cytoplasm and are probably produced from the surface of the sporoblasts. Sporoblasts also contain an unusual cup-shaped organelle associated with a dense body, which is apparently involved in the formation of the polar tube and its associated organelles in the anterior part of the spore. Spores are ellipsoidal to slightly pyriform and measure 4.7 ± 0.06 × 2.6 ± 0.03 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs décrivent les interactions entre deux hyperparasitoides,Catolaccus aeneoviridis etSpilochalcis side, et les microsporidies,Nosema heliothidis etN. campoletidis. Aucune des espèces hyperparasitoides ne fut infectée quand elles ont parasité des nymphes du parasitoide primaire,Campoletis sonorensis infecté parN. hehothidis. Cependant, les adultes deC. aeneoviridis furent infectés systématiquement lors qu'ils se développèrent dans des nymphes deCampoletis infectées parN. campoletidis; la transmission transovarienne de la microsporidie jusqu'aux individus de la F3 a été également démontrée.S. side a été aussi infecté parN. campoletidis mais chez cet hyperparasitoide le développement de la microsporidie a été arrêté au stade de sporoblaste. Les spores mures n'ont pas été observées dans les adultes deS. side et la microsporidie n'est pas transmise par la voie transovarienne. Les interactions entre les hyperparasitoides et les deux microsporidies n'ont pas d'effet nuisible démontrable puisque la durée de développement et la longévité des adultes chez les hyperparasitoides contaminés ou exposés sont comparables à celles observées chez les témoins.
    Notes: Abstract The interactions of the hyperparasitoidsCatolaccus aeneoviridis (Girault) andSpilochalcis side (Walker) with the microsporidansNosema heliothidis Lutz & Splendor andN. campoletidis Brooks & Cranford are described. Neither hyperparasitoid species was infected upon parasitization of pupae of the primary parasitoidCampoletis sonorensis infected withN. heliothidis. However, upon development inCampoletis pupae infected withN. campoletidis, adults ofC. aeneoviridis were infected systemically; trassovarian transmission of the microsporidan to F3 individuals was also shown.S. side was also infected byN. campoletidis but in this hyperparasitoid, microsporidan development was arrested in the sporoblast stage. Mature spores were not observed in infectedS. side adults and the microsporidan was not transmitted transovarially. The interactions of the hyperparasitoids with the two microsporidans were not demonstrably detrimental as data on the developmental period and adult longevity of infected or exposed hyperparasitoids were similar to those of control individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Neozygites floridana ; entomogenous fungus ; two-spotted spider mite ; Tetranychus urticae ; field corn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans des parcelles de maïs dont les populations d'espèces prédatrices avaient été éliminées par du carbaryl, des populations de T. urticae ont régressé en fonction de la dispersion aérienne des acariens ou d'épizooties provoquées par N. floridana. L'importance relative de ces deux causes varie d'année suivant les conditions écologiques. Le pathogène paraissait la principale cause de déclin des populations quand le temps humide a induit les épizooties par N. floridana avant que le maïs n'ait été largement contaminé par les acariens. Quand le temps sec a permis aux populations d'acariens de se développer sans frein jusqu'à contamination totale du maïs, la dispersion aérienne des acariens était la principale cause de déclin des populations d'acariens. Dans tous les champs où il y avait eu épizootie de N. floridana, des traitements de routine avec le fongicide meneb ont retardé les épizooties et réduit ou retardé l'impact du pathogène sur les populations d'acariens. Pendant toute la période d'étude, le nombre total d'acariens infestés par Neozygites était significativement plus élevé dans les parcelles traitées au maneb que dans les parcelles non traitées, lorsque les épizooties étaient provoquées pendant la période de croissance des populations d'acariens. Quand les épizooties ont été déclenchées pendant la période de déclin des populations d'acariens, un nombre plus faible d'acariens infestés était observé dans les parcelles traitées au maneb que dans les parcelles sans traitement.
    Notes: Abstract In field plots in which populations of predaceous species were suppressed using carbaryl, populations of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, on field corn declined in association with aerial dispersal of the mites or with epizootics of the entomogenous fungus, Neozygites floridana Weiser & Muma. The relative importance of these two factors varied from year to year depending on environmental conditions. When moist weather conditions induced epizootics of N. floridana before corn plants became heavily infested with mites, the pathogen appeared to be the major factor causing mite population declines. When dry weather conditions allowed mite populations to expand unchecked until corn plants became entirely infested, mite aerial dispersal was the major factor associated with mite population declines. In every field in which there was an epizootic of N. floridana, routine applications of the fungicide maneb delayed epizootics and reduced or delayed the impact of the pathogen on mite populations. The total number of Neozygites-infected mites produced in maneb-treated plots throughout the test period was significantly greater than that in untreated plots when epizootics were initiated during periods of mite population growth. Fewer total infected mites were produced in maneb-treated plots compared to untreated plots when epizootics were initiated during periods of mite population decline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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