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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urodilatin: a new peptide with beneficial effects in the postoperative therapy of cardiac transplant recipients (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 674-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Urodilatin (CDD/ANP-95-126) ; Cardiodilatin (CDD/ANP-99-126) ; Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Polypeptide hormone ; Therapy ; Acute renal failure ; Heart transplantation (HTx) ; Cyclosporin A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Renal failure after heart transplantation (HTx) still remains a serious problem, especially when cyclosporin A is used for immunosuppression in the early postoperative therapy. To preserve good renal function without reducing immunosuppressive cyclosporin A treatment, we administered urodilatin (CDD/ANP-95-126) in a long-term, low-dose infusion in addition to the usual medication after heart transplantation. From November 1990 to June 1991, 51 patients (46 male and 5 female; mean age 48 years) were treated with a 620 ng/kg bw·min infusion for 96 h after HTx. The renal function and hemodynamic parameters of these urodilatin-treated patients were compared in this sequential study with 40 patients (33 male and 7 female; mean age 49 years) who had undergone HTx previously from May to November, 1990, as controls. In this phase IIa study, both groups did not differ significantly with respect to age, sex, indication for HTx, and preoperative renal function. In comparison with controls patients treated with urodilatin had a significantly better renal function: a reduction in the peak plasma creatinine (PC values day 4 : 1.5 ± 0.11 vs. 2.19 ± 0.19 mg/dl; P = 0.002), a lower peak serum urea (SU values day 4 : 109 ± 8 vs. 154.7 ± 8.94 mg/dl ; P = 0.0036), and a lower incidence of hemodialysis (6% vs. 10%) were observed. Adequate diuresis was maintained in spite of the reduction of furosemide by more than 60% (P = 0.005) on each day of urodilatin infusion in comparison with controls. The mean central venous pressure was significantly lower by about 50% (P = 0.02) during the administration of urodilatin in spite of reduced vasodilator medication with nitroglycerin. From this phase IIa study, we may conclude that urodilatin could be an important drug in intensive care treatment. For patients undergoing HTx, this peptide seems to be indicated for the improvement of renal function and cardiovascular status, especially in postoperative therapy using high-dose cyclosporin A treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180284
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anthocyanins are potent antioxidants in model systems but do not reduce endogenous oxidative DNA damage in human colon cells (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 38 (1999), S. 227-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Key words Anthocyanidins – anthocyanins – comet assay – antioxidative potential – oxidized DNA-bases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Anthocyanins are common colored plant flavonoids, occurring as glycosides of the respective anthocyanidin-chromophores. Like other flavonoids, anthocyanidins are also expected to have antioxidative and antimutagenic properties in vivo, although only few data are available. To gain more knowledge on possible protective mechanisms in mammalian cells, we have compared their extracellular and intracellular antioxidative potential in vitro and in human colon tumor cells. We used Aronia melanocarpa Elliot anthocyanin (AA) concentrates, fractions thereof, concentrates from Elderberry, Macqui, and Tintorera fruits, as well as pure compounds. In vitro, antioxidative properties of the samples were studied with the ferric reducing ability assay (FRA assay). As a measure of intracellular oxidative/antioxidative effects, H2O2-induced strand breaks as well as oxidized DNA bases were determined in human tumor HT29 clone 19A cells using a microgelelectrophoresis assay (comet test). Major results were that isolated compounds (aglycons and glycosides) and complex plant samples are powerful antioxidants in vitro. In fact their activities by far exceeded those of Trolox and vitamin C in the FRA assay. Also H2O2-induced DNA strand breaks were reduced in cells treated with the complex plant extracts. In contrast, endogenous generation of oxidized DNA bases was not prevented. In summary, the intracellular steady state of oxidized DNA bases is not altered by anthocyanins or anthocyanidins. This findings raises questions with respect to the cancer preventive potential of anthocyanidins within specific tissues, such as the colon. Extracellularly, however, the compounds are potent antioxidants. This points to their potential for providing systemic protection in vivo, e.g., by scavenging oxidants in the blood stream and in the colon. Notably, both aglycons and glycosides have equally strong antioxidant activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003940050065
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma concentrations of carotenoids in healthy volunteers after intervention with carotenoid-rich foods (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 38 (1999), S. 35-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Key words Carotenoids – lycopene – lutein –α-carotene –β-carotene – oxidation – antioxidant – human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Aim of the study: The present study was conducted to investigate changes in the plasma concentration of carotenoids and carotenoid oxidation products, vitamin A, α- and γ-tocopherol, and ubiquinone-10 during a dietary intervention trial with 23 male healthy volunteers. Method: A two week carotenoid depletion period was followed by a daily consumption of 330 mL tomato juice (40 mg lycopene), then by 330 mL carrot juice (15.7 mg α-carotene and 22.3 mg β-carotene), and then by a 10 g spinach powder preparation (11.3 mg lutein and 3.1 mg β-carotene) served with main meals for two weeks, respectively. Blood samples were collected in the morning after an overnight fasting and carotenoids, vitamin A, tocopherols, and ubichinone were analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC. Results: During the tomato juice intervention, plasma concentrations of trans- and cis-lycopene increased 2-fold compared to the depletion period. Lycopene oxidation products could be demonstrated in plasma and were significantly elevated compared to control (p〈0.001). After two weeks of carrot juice consumption, α-carotene and β-carotene concentrations increased 8.6- and 3.2-fold, respectively. Finally, during the spinach consumption period the lutein concentration increased 2-fold, while the β-carotene concentrations were still elevated 2-fold. Conclusions: The moderate change in dietary habits, e.g., the consumption of 330 mL of carotenoid-rich vegetable juices caused significant changes in the plasma carotenoid concentrations, indicating a high bioavailability of carotenoids from the processed vegetable products. The changes in plasma carotenoid concentrations reflected the carotenoid composition of the consumed foods. However, particularly during the tomato juice intervention period the occurrence of lycopene oxidation products and cis-lycopene isomers in plasma was eminent. The formation may be due to antioxidant reactions of lycopene in the organism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003940050044
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene expression of aphrodisin in female hamster genital tract segments (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 287 (1996), S. 153-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Aphrodisin ; Pheromone ; Lipocalin ; Genital tract ; Gene expression ; Golden hamster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Aphrodisin is a glycoprotein originally isolated from hamster vaginal discharge which was demonstrated to be involved in pheromonal effects on male hamsters. In the present study, we investigated the localization of aphrodisin-synthesizing and -storing cells in the entire genital tract of the female golden hamster using immunohistochemical and molecular biological methods. By use of immunohistochemical methods, significant aphrodisin immunoreactivity was detected within the cervical glandular tissue. Western blot analysis revealed high concentration of aphrodisin in vaginal discharge and in tissue extracts from the vagina and the cervix uteri. According to intracellular localization of aphrodisin, this protein is confined to cytoplasm of the immunoreactive cells. Immunoreactivity was also detected extracellularly on the surface of the anterior vaginal pluristratified epithelium. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed an extremely high level of aphrodisin gene expression in the vagina and in the lower part of the uterus comprising the cervix. However, aphrodisin gene expression was also demonstrated in the middle part of the uterus and at a low level even in the ovaries. No aphrodisin gene expression was detectable in the upper part of the uterus and the uterine horns. In situ hybridization confirmed that the maximum expression of the aphrodisin gene is encountered in glandular cells of the cervix uteri. These results indicate that within the female hamster genital tract aphrodisin is predominantly synthesized throughout the vagina and cervical uterus. The protein is then secreted into the vaginal lumen. It is under discussion whether the accumulation of aphrodisin in the vaginal discharge facilitates the transfer of pheromone of low molecular weight to the male hamster’s vomeronasal organ during investigatory behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050741
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Normotensive normoxic men undergoing water diuresis fail to respond to stimulation of their peripheral arterial chemoreceptors by almitrine with an increase in plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic factor (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 65 (1992), S. 104-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Peripheral arterial chemoreceptors ; Almitrine ; High altitude hypoxia ; Atrial natriuretic factor ; Kidney function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible participation of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in the natriuretic and diuretic response occurring after stimulation of the peripheral arterial chemoreceptors by almitrine bismesylate in normoxic humans. The experiments were performed in 14 healthy male volunteers undergoing water diuresis. Each subject participated in two experiments. In one of them they ingested 100-mg almitrine at 12 p.m. The other study served as a control. Surprisingly, our subjects responded to almitrine with an elevation of urine flow only, whereas sodium excretion remained almost unchanged over the whole period of the experiments. As regards ANF plasma concentrations, no statistically significant differences between the control and the almitrine group could be observed. Moreover, no direct connection between ANF plasma concentrations and renal volume excretion was detectable. We concluded that a specific stimulation of peripheral arterial chemoreceptors by almitrine in humans undergoing water diuresis did not seem to raise ANF plasma concentrations as is the case at high altitude. Therefore we would suggest that there exists no specific reflex influence of these receptors on ANF release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705065
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of acute altitude exposure in swiss highlanders and lowlanders (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 66 (1993), S. 146-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Hypoxia ; Acclimatization ; Circulation ; Urodilatin ; Respiration ; Neuropsychology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The functional characteristics at rest in responding to stepwise acute exposure to simulated altitude (6000 m) were compared in 10 acclimatized mountaineers (highlanders), residents of Zermatt (1616 m) working at an altitude up to about 4000 m, and in 11 nonacclimatized control subjects (lowlanders) living and working in Zurich (450 m). In comparison with the lowlanders, the highlanders showed at altitude significantly greater hyperventilation, lower heart rate and systolic blood pressure, smaller haemoconcentration, lower urodilatin secretion and natriuresis, and a preserved neuropsychological ability (attentiveness) and vasomotor tone (diastolic blood pressure); the critical altitude at which hypoxic short-term adaptation became insufficient was 6000 m. The lowlanders, however, manifested reduced tolerance of hypoxia, i.e. insufficient short-term adjustment with subjective and objective distress coinciding with the first signs of hypoxia of the central nervous system, already apparent at and above 4000 m. It was concluded that the functional differences between highlanders and lowlanders in responding to acute gradual hypoxia indicated factors contributing to altitude acclimatization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01427056
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volume changes in the forearm and lower limbs during 2 h of acute hypobaric hypoxia in nonacclimatized subjects (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 75 (1997), S. 124-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Altitude  ;  Respiration  ;  Circulation  ;  Fluid distribution  ;  Acclimatization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  To investigate the role of fluid shifts during the short-term adjustment to acute hypobaric hypoxia (AHH), the changes in lower limb (LV) and forearm volumes (FV) were measured using a strain-gauge plethysmograph technique in ten healthy volunteers exposed to different altitudes (450 m, 2500 m, 3500 m, 4500 m) in a hypobaric chamber. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation (S aO2), endtidal gases, minute ventilation and urine flow were also determined. A control experiment was performed with an analogous protocol under normobaric normoxic conditions. The results showed mean decreases both in LV and FV of −0.52 (SD 0.39) ml · 100 ml−1 and −0.65 (SD 0.32) ml · 100 ml−1, respectively, in the hypoxia experiments [controls: LV −0.28 (SD 0.37), FV −0.41 (SD 0.47) ml · 100 ml−1]. Descent to normoxia resulted in further small but not significant decreases in mean LV [−0.02 (SD 0.11) ml · 100 ml−1], whereas mean FV tended to increase slightly [ + 0.02 (SD 0.14) ml · 100 ml−1]; in the control experiments mean LV and FV decreased continuously during the corresponding times [−0.19 (SD 0.31), −0.18 (SD 0.10) ml · 100 ml−1, respectively]. During the whole AHH, mean urine flow increased significantly from 0.84 (SD 0.41) ml · min−1 to 3.29 (SD 1.43) ml · min−1 in contrast to the control conditions. We concluded that peripheral fluid volume shifts form a part of the hypoxia-induced acute cardiovascular changes at high altitude. In contrast to the often reported formation of peripheral oedema after prolonged exposure to hypobaric hypoxia, the results provided no evidence for the development of peripheral oedema during acute induction to high altitude. However, the marked increase in interindividual variance in S aO2 and urine flow points to the appearance of the first differences in the short-term adjustment even after 2 h of acute hypobaric hypoxia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050136
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