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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words MEF 2 transcription factor ; Myogenesis ; Heart development ; Chick embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Muscle enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) proteins are important transcription factors for muscle-specific gene activation. Four family members are known in mammals, referred to as MEF2A, MEF2B, MEF2C, and MEF2D. Here we report the isolation and expression pattern of the chick Mef2a gene (cMef2a). cMef2a expression starts in precardiac mesoderm of HH stage 8 embryos. During further embryonic development expression continues in the heart tube and later in atrium and ventricle. A second cMef2a expression domain appears in somites of stage 13 embryos. Somitic cMef2a expression is limited to the myotome and is not found in newly formed somites until the muscle-specific transcription factors MyoD and myogenin are present. This suggests that activation of the cMef2a gene in skeletal muscle is dependent on these basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. cMef2a expression in heart and skeletal muscle continues into adulthood when it is also seen in intestinal mesenchyme and in brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Thermal Biology 8 (1983), S. 413-415 
    ISSN: 0306-4565
    Keywords: Brown adipose tissue ; Djungarian hamster ; nonshivering thermogenesis ; thermoregulation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Wahn ; Wahnentstehung ; Urteilsverhalten ; Key words Delusion ; Origin of delusion ; Decision making
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Delusion as a phenomenon was always in the focus of psychiatric interest. Explanations for its origin reach from disturbed perception or affect to deficits in cognition. In our study we investigated 20 deluded, 20 depressive and 20 healthy subjects in order to find out differences in decision making, while a neutral test situation. Our hypothesis was that deluded subjects need less information for decision making and tend less to change their decision, made before, than both control groups will do this. For examination our hypothesis a modified version of “Probabilistic Inference Task” by Philips and Edwards was performed. In summary we found that deluded subjects need less information for decisions making than the control groups. Furthermore, decision making of deluded subjects seems more impulsive and less referring to formal logical criteria than it was found in depressed and healthy volunteers.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Phänomen Wahn steht seit jeher im Zentrum des psychiatrischen Interesses. Die in der Vielzahl von Hypothesen zur Wahnentstehung diskutierten Ursachen reichen von Störungen der Wahrnehmung oder des Affektes bis hin zu kognitiven Störungen. In unserer Untersuchung mit 20 wahnhaften, 20 depressiven und 20 gesunden Probanden gingen wir der Frage nach, ob sich zwischen den drei genannten Gruppen Unterschiede im Urteilsverhalten während einer neutralen Testsituation aufzeigen lassen. Unsere Hypothese dabei war, daß wahnhafte Probanden zur Urteilsbildung deutlich weniger Information heranziehen und an ihren einmal gefällten Urteilen rigider festhalten, als dies bei einer gesunden und depressiven Kontrollgruppe der Fall ist. Zur Überprüfung der Hypothesen wurde eine modifizierte Version des “Probabilistic Inference Task” von Philips and Edwards eingesetzt. Zusammenfassend zeigte sich, daß die Gruppe der wahnhaften Probanden zur Entscheidungsfindung signifikant weniger Informationen als die beiden Kontrollgruppen benötigte. Das Urteilsverhalten insgesamt erschien bei den wahnhaften Probanden deutlich impulsiver und weniger auf formallogisch nachvollziehbaren Kriterien beruhend als dies in den beiden anderen Probandengruppen der Fall war.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 69 (1998), S. 909-912 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Amnesie ; Dissoziative Störung ; Diffusionsimaging ; SPECT ; Key words Amnesia ; Dissociative disorder ; Diffusion MRI ; SPECT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The differential diagnosis of psychogenic vs. organic amnestic syndromes may cause difficulty in certain cases. Here, we report a case of psychogenic amnesia which occurred after alcohol intoxication and mild head trauma. The initial memory deficit was very severe consisting of near-complete retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia covering 12 hours. The deficits resolved within a 4-week period of time. Brain CT and MRI scans revealed two circumscribed lesions of the right temporal lobe which were interpreted as old posttraumatic lesions. To ascertain the diagnosis, diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) and brain perfusion SPECT were performed. The basal temporal lobes neither showed focal changes of perfusion, nor enhanced signal intensity on DWI as has been recently reported in patients with transient global amnesia. Later, the dissociative nature of the disorder could be confirmed by the exploration of recent psychological conflicts and the delayed type of recovery. We regard diffusion-weighted MRI as a powerful means to differentiate acute amnestic syndromes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Differenzierung zwischen psychogener und organisch bedingter Amnesie kann im Einzelfall schwierig sein. Hier wird ein Fall von dissoziativer Amnesie mitgeteilt, der im Anschluß an eine Alkoholintoxikation und ein leichtes Kopftrauma auftrat. Das amnestische Syndrom war initial so schwer, daß eine fast komplette retrograde Amnesie und eine anterograde Amnesie von etwa 12 h nachweisbar war. Die Gedächtnisverluste bildeten sich nur zögernd über insgesamt 4 Wochen zurück. Bildgebend fanden sich in der CT und MRT 2 ältere fokale, vermutlich posttraumatische Läsionen im rechten Temporallapppen ohne Nachweis frischer Traumafolgen. Um die Diagnose zu sichern, führten wir die diffusionsgewichtete MR-Bildgebung und Hirnperfusions-SPECT durch. Wir konnten in den basalen Temporallappen weder eine Perfusionsstörung noch Signalveränderungen im Diffusionsbild nachweisen, wie dies bei Patienten mit transitorisch globaler Amnesie beobachtet wurde. Der protrahierte Verlauf sowie die Exploration erheblicher psychischer Konflikte bestätigten später die Diagnose einer dissoziativen Störung. Das diffusionsgewichtete MR-Imaging ist somit ein wertvolles Instrument, um in der Akutphase amnestische Syndrome differentialdiagnostisch einzuordnen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 158 (1977), S. 47-54 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Spontaneous and ethylmethane-sulfonate induced mutants of Escherichia coli resistant to gentamicin sulfate were isolated and investigated for alterations in the ribosomal protein pattern. It was found by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that three independently isolated strains did not show any spot for ribosomal protein L6. On cochromatography of radioactively labelled mutant and wild-type ribosomal proteins on carboxymethyl-cellulose columns a shift of the elution position of protein L6 was observed, the new elution positions being characteristic for the individual mutants analyzed which indicates that they possess different alterations in the L6 primary structure. Genetic analysis showed that the gentamicin resistant strains contain at least two mutations. One of them correlates with the altered L6 protein and causes an increased minimal inhibitory concentration of the drug by about 5 to 10-fold. The other mutation is not yet biochemically characterized. Its presence is connected with an about 10 to 20-fold increase in the resistance. Both mutations, when put together, confer resistance to 50 to 100 μg/ml of the antibiotic in a low salt rich medium and to 1 mg/ml in a defined medium with a high concentration of phosphate. Cross-resistance analysis demonstrated that the three gentamicin-resistant (double-mutant) strains with the altered L6 protein are resistant to 50–100 μg per ml of all other aminoglycoside antibioties tested. This forms a sharp contrast to the streptomycin resistance mutations present in strA1, strA40 or strA60 mutants which do not confer markedly increased levels of resistance to most of the other aminoglycosides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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