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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial degradation of p-methoxybenzoic acid (1972)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 84 (1972), S. 275-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A cell-free system from a Pseudomonas sp., strain PM3, catalysed the oxidative demethylation, hydroxylation and subsequent ring cleavage of p-methoxybenzoate. Demethylation, to yield p-hydroxybenzoate, involved absorption of 1.0 mole of oxygen/mole of p-methoxybenzoate, and required reduced pyridine nucleotide (either NADH or NADPH) as cofactor. p-Hydroxybenzoate was hydroxylated to yield protocatechuate with the absorption of 1 mole of oxygen/mole of substrate, and required NADPH as cofactor. Protocatechuate was oxidized, with absorption of 1 mole of oxygen/mole of substrate, to 3-oxoadipate. The methyl group of p-methoxybenzoate was removed as formaldehyde, and oxidized to formate and carbon dioxide by formaldehyde dehydrogenase, which required GSH and NAD+, and formate dehydrogenase, which required NAD+.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409077
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial oxidation of hydrocarbons measured by oxygraphy (1969)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 64 (1969), S. 215-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The Clark oxygen electrode was used to measure the microbial oxidation of hydrocarbons using preparations of resting cell suspensions. A strain of Corynebacterium sp. (7E1C) which utilized n-octane as sole carbon and energy source was examined for its ability to oxidize a variety of hydrocarbon substrates. The oxidation by resting cells exhibited an optimal temperature of 30° and an optimal pH range of 7.0–7.6. 1-Octanol, octanal, and octanoic acid were oxidized at rates comparable to n-octane. With the exception of n-decane, n-alkanes from pentane through heptadecane were attacked with a progressive increase in specific activity up the homologous series to n-octane, followed by a decrease as the hydrocarbon chain became progressively longer. n-Alkenes and halogenated n-alkanes substituted in the one position were oxidized at appreciably lower rates than the corresponding n-alkanes. Iso-Alkanes, cyclo-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons were relatively unsusceptible to oxidative attack.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425626
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lignocellulolytic enzyme profiles of edible mushroom fungi (1996)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 12 (1996), S. 537-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Cellulases ; Lentinula edodes ; ligninases ; mushrooms ; Pleurotus sajor-caju ; Volvariella volvacea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract One of the most economically-viable processes for the bioconversion of many types of lignocellulosic wastes is represented by edible mushroom cultivation. Lentinula edodes, Volvariella volvacea and Pleurotus sajor-caju are three important commercially cultivated mushrooms which exhibit varying abilities to utilise different lignocellulosics as growth substrate. Examination of the lignocellulolytic enzyme profiles of the three species show this diversity to be reflected in qualitative variations in the major enzymic determinants (i.e. cellulases, ligninases) required for substrate bioconversion. For example, L. edodes, which is cultivated on highly lignified substrates such as wood or sawdust, produces two extracellular enzymes which have been associated with lignin depolymerisation in other fungi, (manganese peroxidase and laccase). Conversely, V. volvacea, which prefers high cellulose-, low lignin-containing substrates produces a family of cellulolytic enzymes including at least five endoglucanases, five cellobiohydrolases and two β-glucosidases, but none of the recognised lignin-degrading enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419469
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of lignin-derived phenolic monomers on the growth of the edible mushrooms Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus sajor-caju and Volvariella volvacea (1993)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1993), S. 503-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Edible mushrooms ; Lentinus edodes ; lignin-related phenols ; Pleurotus sajor-caju ; tannins ; Volvariella volvacea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Pleurotus sajor-caju was generally more tolerant to lignin-related phenolic monomers and tannin derivatives than Lentinus edodes and the straw mushroom, Volvariella volvacea. Several phenols, at up to 5 mM, enhanced mycelial growth of P. sajor-caju. No clear pattern was evident when the effects of phenols and tannins on the growth of V. volvacea and L. edodes were compared, but the lower concentrations of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin which were tested were markedly more toxic to the straw mushroom. The distribution of phenolic monomers and tannin derivatives in the agricultural wastes used for mushroom cultivation may be an important growth determinant. However, the differences in the growth inhibition profiles of L. edodes, P. sajor-caju and V. volvacea suggest that, alone, the effect of these compounds on fungal growth is unlikely to account for the varying abilities of the three mushroom species to grow and fruit on a particular lignocellulosic substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386283
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of lignin-related phenols and their methylated derivatives on the growth of eight white-rot fungi (1994)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 10 (1994), S. 169-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Lignin ; lignocellulose ; methylated phenols ; white-rot fungi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract When various lignin-related para-phenolic benzoic acids, para-phenolic cinnamic acids, para-phenolic phenylpropionic acids, the corresponding unsubstituted and 4-O-methylated derivatives, and 4-hydroxyl substituted benzaldehydes were tested on the growth of eight white-rot fungi, methylation of the 4-hydroxy substituent resulted, in most cases, in increased inhibition of fungal growth. This effect was most notable with monomethoxylated compounds. When the aromatic ring contained additional methoxyl substituents, the toxicity of the 4-O-methylated derivative was less pronounced. Marked inhibition of fungal growth was also observed with aromatic compounds lacking a para-substituent. Higher concentrations of aromatic aldehydes were manifestly more toxic than the corresponding carboxylic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00360880
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mushroom nutriceuticals (1996)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 12 (1996), S. 473-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Bioactive compounds ; cultivated mushrooms ; mushroom nutriceuticals ; polysaccharide-protein complexes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract There has been a recent upsurge of interest in mushrooms as a source of biological active compounds of medicinal value including anti-cancer, anti-viral, immunopotentiating, hypocholesterolaemic and hepatoprotective agents. This new class of compounds, termed ‘mushroom nutriceuticals’, are extractable from either the fungal mycelium or fruiting body and represent an important component of the expanding mushroom biotechnology industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419460
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of toxigenic Bacillus cereus in rice samples marketed in Hong Kong (1995)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 11 (1995), S. 696-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Bacillus cereus ; enterotoxin ; haemolysin BL ; rice products
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Eleven of 16 samples of rice on sale in rice shops and supermarkets in Hong Kong contained Bacillus cereus. Although B. cereus counts did not exceed 100 bacteria/g in most of the positive samples, a sample of Thai red rice and a poor quality rice originating from China contained between 300 to 1000 cells/g and 104 to 2×105 cells/g, respectively. Nine strains produced an enterotoxin responsible for the diarrhoeal-type B. cereus food poisoning and seven of these strains also produced a haemolysin (haemolysin BL), a dermonecrotic vascular permeability factor which may be a virulence determinant in diarrhoeal illness caused by this bacterium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361024
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning of the cbhI and cbhII genes involved in cellulose utilisation by the straw mushroom Volvariella volvacea (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 261 (1999), S. 985-993 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsVolvariella ; Cellulase ; Cellulose ; cbh ; Cellobiohydrolase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The straw mushroom Volvariella volvacea is cultivated on substrates rich in cellulose and has been shown to produce a family of cellulolytic enzymes. A PCR-based strategy was adopted to clone genes involved in cellulose utilisation, using degenerate primers designed to amplify conserved catalytic domain sequences of cellobiohydrolases (CBHs). PCR with these primers produced two DNA fragments with sequence similarity to the cbhI and cbhII gene families detected in Trichoderma, Phanerochaete and Agaricus species. Full-length clones of these genes were obtained from an EMBL3 genomic library, and RACE-PCR was used to verify the presence of introns. The cbhI homologue has a coding region of 1722 bp, containing two introns, generating a 536 amino acid polypeptide product. The cbhII gene has a coding region of 1693 bp, containing five introns, and gives rise to a 470-amino acid polypeptide product. Northern and PCR analyses were used to study the expression of the genes. These revealed that transcripts of both genes were induced on medium containing cellulose – with cbhI being expressed more strongly than cbhII– but were repressed on medium containing glucose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380051047
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