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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron kinetics in collisionless shock waves (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of experimental and theoretical physics 88 (1999), S. 465-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1090-6509
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We study the kinetic model of the formation of the energy spectrum of nonthermal electrons near the front of a quasilongitudinal, supercritical, collisionless shock wave. Nonresonant interactions of the electrons and the fluctuations generated by kinetic instabilities of the ions in the transition region inside the shock front play the main role in the heating and preacceleration of electrons. We calculate the electron energy spectrum in the vicinity of the shock wave and show that the heating and preacceleration of electrons occur on a scale of the order of several hundred ion inertial lengths in the vicinity of the viscous discontinuity. Although the electron distribution function is significantly nonequilibrium near the shock front, its low-energy part can be approximated by a Maxwellian distribution. The effective electron temperature T eff 2 behind the front, obtained in this manner, increases with the Mach number of the shock wave slower than it would if it followed the Hugoniot adiabat. We determine the condition under which the electron heating is ineffective but the electrons are effectively accelerated to high energies. The high-energy asymptotic behavior of the distribution function is that of a power law, with the exponent determined by the total compression ratio of the plasma, as in the case of acceleration by the first-order Fermi mechanism. The model is used to describe the case (important for applications) of acceleration of electrons by shock waves with large total Mach numbers, with the structure of these waves modified by the nonlinear interaction of nonthermal ions and consisting of an extended prefront with a smooth variation of the macroscopic parameters and a viscous discontinuity in speed with a moderate value of the Mach number.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.558817
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of shocks on interstellar turbulence and cosmic-ray dynamics (1987)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 138 (1987), S. 341-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A theoretical model for the interstellar turbulence is developed. In this model the fluctuation spectrum is formed due to reflection of shocks, produced by supernovae, on interstellar clouds. The spectra of turbulence and the diffusion coefficient of cosmic rays are derived. It is demonstrated that local enhancements of the ionization rate by cosmic rays accelerated by supernova shocks may be responsible for fast renewal of warm ionized envelopes around cores of standard ISM clouds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637855
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of softening heat treatment on mechanical properties of maraging high-strength corrosion-resistant steel (1995)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 37 (1995), S. 335-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract It has been shown in many investigations that the corrosion-resistant maraging steel 03Kh1 IN I0M2T (BHC 17) has high plasticity and the lowest deformation resistance after softening heat treatment (annealing, quenching, or aging at 650°C). However, the available data are insufficient for the development of a technology for producing parts by cold plastic deformation. In this case it is important to know the effect of different kinds and regimes of softening heat treatment not only on the mechanical properties and the structure of the steel but also on its deformation behavior and sensitivity in the stress state. The sensitivity to dynamic loads is very important. The present work is devoted to the investigation of these problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01151979
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gaging devices with spring supports (1958)
    Springer
    Measurement techniques 1 (1958), S. 298-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8906
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00974691
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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