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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trypanosomatids, Other Than Phytomonas spp., Isolated and Cultured from Fruit (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 36 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Trypanosomatids were isolated from edible fruit. One of the isolates (from tangerine) presented a set of enzymes for the metabolism of arginine-ornithine similar to that of Leptomonas spp., and failed to be recognized by monoclonal antibodies specific for Phytomonas spp. The possibility that trypanosomatids other than Phytomonas spp. could infect fruit was further examined by inoculating tomatoes with species of Crithidia, Leptomonas and Herpetomonas. Some of these flagellates multiplied in tomatoes. Besides, house flies became infected with Crithidia sp. when fed on tomatoes experimentally inoculated with this flagellate. Therefore, isolation of a trypanosomatid from a plant should not constitute an absolute criterion for placing it in the genus Phytomonas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1989.tb05537.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural Differences Between Species of Trypanosomatids With and Without Endosymbionts (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Species of trypanosomatids without endosymbionts (Leptomonas seymouri, L. collosoma, L. samueli, Crithidia fasciculata, C. luciliae, C. acanthocephali, Herpetomonas megaseliae, H. mariadeanei, H. samuelpessoai, H. muscarum muscarum, Trypanosoma cruzi) and species of trypanosomatids with endosymbionts (Crithidia deanei, C. oncopelti, Blastocrithidia culicis) were comparatively studied by means of electron microscopy. Artificially aposymbiotic strains derived from species with symbiont were also included in the survey. Species with symbiont were found to differ in some ultrastructural aspects from the group of species without symbiont. Paraxial rods of flagella or intraflagellar structure were found exclusively in species without symbiont. Peripheral branching of mitochondria, accompanied by absence of subpellicular microtubules in sites where the mitochondrial branches are appressed to the cell membrane, were found exclusively in species with symbiont. Networks of kinetoplast DNA fibrils were found to be larger and looser in species with symbiont. Symbiont-free strains of species with symbiont retained the same morphological characteristics of their parental species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1981.tb02829.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proteolytic Activities in Cell Extracts of Trypanosoma cruzi (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 24 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Cell extracts of culture forms of Trypanosoma cruzi are capable of hydrolysing substances belonging to 4 different groups of protease substrates: (a) substrates for trypsin-like enzymes: benzoyl-arginine-p-nitroanilide and benzoylarginine-naphtylamide: (b) substrates for aminopeptidases: leucyl. lysyl and glutamyl-β-naphtylamide; (c) a substrate for chymotrypsin-like enzymes: carbobenzoxy-L-tyrosine-p-nitrophenylester, and (d) a nonspecific substrate for a broad range of proteases: azocasein. Some physico-chemical characteristics of each enzymic reaction were studied. They were found to be distinct enough to allow attributing each hydrolytic activity to a separate enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1977.tb01021.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural Studies on the Trypanosomatid Phytomonas serpens in the Salivary Glands of a Phytophagous Hemipteran (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 37 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Electron microscopy of salivary glands of the phytophagous hemipteran Phihia picta infected with Phytomonas serpens revealed the presence of flagellates in the gland periphery beneath the gland envelope, in the gland central lumen, between gland cells in the intercellular space and inside the gland cells. In the latter case, flagellates were found in the cytoplasm whether or not it was surrounded by a vacuolar membrane. Flagellates were always of the promastigote type, sometimes displaying a large twisted body. Morphological peculiarities of flagellates in different gland locations are recorded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1990.tb01132.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophoretic Analysis of Isoenzymes in the Identification of Trypanosomatids of the Genus Phytomonas (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Five strains of trypanosomatids of the genus Phytomonas, isolated from different species of Euphorbia {Euphorbia heterophylla, E. characias, E. pinea, E. hyssopifolia) and from Manihot escutenta, were cultured and compared through the electrophoretic mobility of isoenzymes of six enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), phosphoglucomutase (EC 2.7.5.1), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), glucosephosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.9), and malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.40). The strains could be distinguished from one another by their respective isoenzyme profiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03210.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Guidelines for the Description of New Species of Lower Trypanosomatids (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 30 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Morphological, cultural, and biochemical criteria that have been used in describing lower trypanosomatids, genera Blastocrithidia, Crithidia, Leptomonas, Herpetomonas, Rhynchoidomonas, and Phytomonas are reviewed. Kinetoplast structure, carbohydrate utilization, electrophoretic mobilities of isoenzymes, and kDNA fingerprinting are among the recommended criteria for species differentiation. Temperature, pH, and osmolarity tolerance are useful growth parameters. Generic placement may be assisted by the determination of nitrogenous excretion products and ornithine-arginine cycle enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1983.tb02921.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophoretic Analysis of Endonuclease-Generated Fragments of k-DNA, of Esterase Isoenzymes, and of Surface Proteins as Aids for Species Identification of Insect Trypanosomatids (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 29 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In order to verify the applicability of biochemical methods for species identification of Trypanosomatidae, 13 species of monoxenic trypanosomatids plus the heteroxenous Trypanosoma cruzi were comparatively analyzed by three different biochemical methods. Insect trypanosomatids examined were: Crithidia acanthocephali, C. fasciculata (three varieties), C. luciliae luciliae, C. luciliae thermophila, C. deanei, C. oncopelti, Herpetomonas muscarum muscarum, H. megaseliae, H. samuelpessoai, H. mariadeanei, Leptomonas seymouri, L. collosoma, L. samueli, and Blastocrithidia culicis. Also included in the survey were aposymbiotic strains of C. deanei and C. oncopelti. Methods used were: electrophoretic profiling of endonuclease-generated fragments of k-DNA, esterase isoenzymes profiling, and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of radioiodinated cell surface proteins. Interspecific but not intraspecific differences were detected by all three methods among the 13 monoxenic species examined. Thus, it is concluded that these methods can be successfully used, in addition to classical criteria, for species identification of insect trypanosomatids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1982.tb04022.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymes of the Ornithine-Arginine Metabolism of Trypanosomatids of the Genus Herpetomonas (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 25 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Five strains of trypanosomatids, Herpetomonas megaseliae, H. samuelpessoai, H. muscarum muscarum, H. muscarum ingenoplastis and a newly isolated Herpetomonas sp., were examined for the enzymes of arginine-ornithine metabolism. Ornithine carbamoyltransferase (E.C. 2.1.3.3) and argininosuccinate lyase (E.C. 4.3.2.1) were detected in cell extracts of H. megaseliae, H. samuelpessoai and H. muscarum muscarum but not of others. Both enzymes seemed repressible by arginine, which could account for their apparent absence in H. muscarum ingenoplastis and Herpetomonas sp., which grow in a complex, arginine-rich medium. Additionally, arginine deiminase (E.C. 3.5.3.6) and citrulline hydrolase were detected in cell extracts of the 5 strains examined. This latter enzyme, previously described only in Tetrahymena, effects the single-step hydrolysis of citrulline into ammonia, ornithine and CO2. Arginase (E.C. 3.5.3.1) and urease (E.C. 3.5.1.5) were not found in any of the strains examined. Some of the physicochemical characteristics of the enzymes encountered are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1978.tb04185.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymes of the Ornithine-Arginine Metabolism of Trypanosomatids of the Genus Crithidia (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 25 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Twelve strains of Crithidia, which fall into 8 species, were tested for occurrence of enzymes of ornithine-arginine metabolism. The following enzymes were investigated: arginase, ornithine carbamoyltransferase, argininosuccinate lyase, citrulline hydrolase, arginine deiminase and urease. Arginase and argininosuccinate lyase were found in all species. Citrulline hydrolase was also found in all but the 2 strains carrying endosymbiotes C. deanei and C. oncopelti. On the other hand, ornithine carbamoyltransferase was found only in these 2 strains. Arginine deiminase and urease were absent in all strains. The existence of a common enzymatic pattern for species of the genus Crithidia is thus reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1978.tb04184.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Culture and Generic Identification of Trypanosomatids of Phytophagous Hemiptera in Brazil (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 36 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Among the 372 phytophagous Hemiptera examined, 133 insects of 28 species (Coreidae 18, Pentatomidae 7, Pyrrhocoridae 2, Lygaeidae 1) were infected with trypanosomatids. Gut infections only were found in 68.4%, gut and salivary gland infections in 29.3% and salivary infections alone in 2.3%. Fifty-one cultures were isolated from 38 insects. Cultures were characterized by assay of certain ornithinc-arginine metabolism enzymes and by indirect immunofluorescence against monoclonal antibodies specific for Phytomonas spp. Ten cultures were identified as either Crithidia or Leptomonas. Twenty-one promastigote cultures had an enzyme pattern hitherto recorded only for Leishmania and 16 cultures were identified as Phytomonas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1989.tb01093.x
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