Bibliothek

feed icon rss

Ihre E-Mail wurde erfolgreich gesendet. Bitte prüfen Sie Ihren Maileingang.

Leider ist ein Fehler beim E-Mail-Versand aufgetreten. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.

Vorgang fortführen?

Exportieren
Filter
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
Schlagwörter
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 33 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin , Psychologie
    Notizen: When acoustic startle probes are presented during picture viewing, the blink reflex is augmented for unpleasant foreground stimuli and reduced during pleasant stimuli. The present experiment assessed the hypothesis that this affect-Startle effect increases as pictures are judged to be more arousing. Eyeblinks elicited by startle probes of three different intensities were recorded while subjects viewed pictures varying in both pleasure (pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant) and arousal (low, moderate, and high). Both blink potentiation during unpleasant content and blink diminution during pleasant content were clearly strongest for picture contents high in arousal. The effect was present for all probe intensities tested.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 33 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin , Psychologie
    Notizen: Two experiments are reported in which affective modulation of the startle reflex elicited by monaurally presented acoustic probes was further examined. An earlier study in our laboratory obtained significant modulation by effect for probes presented to the left ear, but no significant effect for probes presented to the right ear Experiment 1 replicated the procedures used in that experiment and obtained the same pattern of effects. Experiment 2 changed the presentation of monaural probes from a blocked to a mixed presentation and again obtained a similar pattern. Modulatory differences in reflex magnitude between pleasant and unpleasant stimuli were consistently large and reliable for reflexes elicited by left ear probes but weak and unreliable for reflexes elicited by right ear probes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 30 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin , Psychologie
    Notizen: The effects of an emotional stimulus prepulse on probe startle response were examined here. Pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant pictures were viewed for 6 s, and an acoustic startle probe was presented either 300, 800, 1,300, or 3,800 ms after slide onset, or 300 or 3,800 ms after slide offset. Blink magnitude and onset latency demonstrated (a) an early (prepulse) inhibition effect in which reflexes elicited immediately after slide onset were smaller than reflexes elicited later in the viewing interval, and (b) affective modulation, in which unpleasant stimuli prompted larger reflexes than pleasant. Interactive effects of probe time and picture valence indicated attention/arousal effects early and pleasantness effects late in the picture interval. Effects of both attention and emotion can be simultaneously measured using this startle-probe paradigm, encouraging its use in both basic and clinical contexts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 27 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin , Psychologie
    Notizen: Alternative interpretations of startle probe modulation by a pictorial foreground were tested: Either reflex amplitude varies as a function of modality-determined attention allocation, or, regardless of probe modality, reflex amplitude varies with the emotional valence of the foreground content. Thirty-six subjects viewed a series of 54 slides, divided into two 27-slide blocks. Each block consisted of nine exemplars of three independently rated emotional content categories—pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant. Startle probes, half visual (flashgun) and half acoustic (white noise), were presented unpredictably during and between slide presentations. Eyeblink reflexes, corrugator and orbicularis oculi muscle tension, heart rate, and skin conductance were recorded during a 6-s slide interval. Subjects subsequently rated the slides for emotional valence and arousal, and interest value. Free-viewing times were also recorded. Analysis of reflex response and all ancillary measures supported the hypothesis that the primary determinant of startle modulation was the emotional valence of foreground content.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 33 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin , Psychologie
    Notizen: Pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant pictures were presented in a continuous series, and the effects of repetitive exposure to pictures of the same affective valence were assessed in somatic (corrugator electromyographic [EMG] activity) and visceral (heart rate and skin conductance) systems. Probe stimuli (startle or reaction time probes) were presented to index emotional and attentional concomitants of processing. Affective discrimination was maintained across time in all response systems, and sensitization was found for the corrugator EMG response. Responses to reaction time probes indexed differences in attentional allocation as a function of cognitive and affective variables in this paradigm. Taken together, the data suggest that presentation of a series of affective pictures of similar valence produces emotional reactions that are either maintained or sensitized across the temporal intervals used here but that do not habituate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 6
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin , Psychologie
    Notizen: Recent studies have shown that the late positive component of the event-related-potential (ERP) is enhanced for emotional pictures, presented in an oddball paradigm, evaluated as distant from an established affective context. In other research, with context-free, random presentation, affectively intense pictures (pleasant and unpleasant) prompted similar enhanced ERP late positivity (compared with the neutral picture response). In an effort to reconcile interpretations of the late positive potential (LPP), ERPs to randomly ordered pictures were assessed, but using the faster presentation rate, brief exposure (1.5 s), and distinct sequences of six pictures, as in studies using an oddball based on evaluative distance. Again, results showed larger LPPs to pleasant and unpleasant pictures, compared with neutral pictures. Furthermore, affective pictures of high arousal elicited larger LPPs than less affectively intense pictures. The data support the view that late positivity to affective pictures is modulated both by their intrinsic motivational significance and the evaluative context of picture presentation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 7
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin , Psychologie
    Notizen: The present study was designed to examine the pattern of startle reflex modulation and autonomic responses for individuals high in animal or blood-injury fear when viewing pictures of their feared objects. Sixteen individuals in each fear group and 16 low-fear control individuals viewed 32 color slides depicting fear-relevant, unpleasant but fear-unrelated, neutral, and pleasant scenes. Free viewing times were assessed in a second phase of the procedure as an index of avoidance behavior. Exposure to pictures of feared objects resulted in a consistent startle reflex potentiation and behavioral avoidance in both fear groups. This activation of the basic aversive system was independent of the autonomic pattern of the fear responses, which differed for the high-fear groups. These results suggest that the probe startle response indexes the organism's basic motivational disposition and add new information to the assessment of fear.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 8
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin , Psychologie
    Notizen: Many studies have shown a consistent pattern in adults' responses to affective pictures and there is growing evidence of gender differences, as well. Little is known, though, about children's verbal, behavioral, and physiological responses to affective pictures. Two experiments investigated children's responses to pictures. In Experiment 1, children, adolescents, and adults viewed pictures varying in affective content and rated them for pleasure, arousal, and dominance. Results indicated that children and adolescents rated the pictures similarly to adults. In Experiment 2, physiological responses, self-report, and viewing time were measured while children viewed affective pictures. As with adults, children's responses reflected the affective content of the pictures. Gender differences in affective evaluations, corrugator activity, skin conductance, startle modulation, and viewing time indicated that girls were generally more reactive to unpleasant materials.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin , Psychologie
    Notizen: Functional activity in the visual cortex was assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging technology while participants viewed a series of pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant pictures. Coronal images at four different locations in the occipital cortex were acquired during each of eight 12-s picture presentation periods (on) and 12-s interpicture interval (off). The extent of functional activation was larger in the right than the left hemisphere and larger in the occipital than in the occipitoparietal regions during processing of all picture contents compared with the interpicture intervals. More importantly, functional activity was significantly greater in all sampled brain regions when processing emotional (pleasant or unpleasant) pictures than when processing neutral stimuli. In Experiment 2, a hypothesis that these differences were an artifact of differential eye movements was ruled out. Whereas both emotional and neutral pictures produced activity centered on the calcarine fissure (Area 17), only emotional pictures also produced sizable clusters bilaterally in the occipital gyrus, in the right fusiform gyrus, and in the right inferior and superior parietal lobules.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 34 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin , Psychologie
    Notizen: Two concurrent measures of the evoked startlé response, the elicited blink reflex and the event-related potential, were measured while individuals viewed pictures that varied in pleasure and arousal. Replicating previous findings, the blink response was modulated by picture pleasantness, with larger reflexes elicited in the context of viewing unpleasant versus pleasant pictures. However, the probe P3 was primarily modulated by picture arousal, with smaller P3 responses elicited when viewing affective (pleasant or unpleasant) than when viewing neutral pictures. Both modulatory effects were sustained for probes presented in a subsequent picture imagery period. These data suggest that two measurable responses to the same startle probe are differentially modified by emotional context, with blink magnitude varying with pleasure and probe P3 varying with stimulus arousal.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
Schließen ⊗
Diese Webseite nutzt Cookies und das Analyse-Tool Matomo. Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier...