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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin resistance in alloxan-diabetic dogs: Evidence for reversal following insulin therapy (1983)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 25 (1983), S. 273-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Alloxan ; diabetic dogs ; insulin resistance ; insulin therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hepatic glucose production and peripheral glucose utilization were measured basally and during infusion of insulin (25 and 40 mU·kg-1·h-1) in normal dogs and in insulin-deficient diabetic dogs, before and after a 10–14 day period of insulin treatment. Basal hepatic glucose production was significantly raised in the diabetic dogs (21.4±2.5 μmol·kg-1· min-1; p〈0.005) compared with normal dogs (11.9±2.5 μmol·kg-1·min-1) and fell by 20% in diabetic dogs following insulin treatment (17.4±3.0 μmol·kg-1·min-1). However, in all groups, hepatic glucose production suppressed equally well during the low dose insulin infusions, suggesting that the raised hepatic glucose production of diabetes is due to insulin deficiency and not hepatic insulin resistance. In addition, a marked defect of glucose utilization was found in the diabetic dogs (25±5 μmol·kg-1·min-1; p〈 0.001) compared with normal dogs (99±15 μmol·kg-1· min-1) during matched hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia. This defect of glucose utilization, as defined by euglycaemic insulin dose-response curves employing insulin infusion rates between 40–600 mU·kg-1·h-1, demonstrated a marked reduction of glucose disposal in diabetic dogs. The severity of the insulin resistance closely paralleled the degree of hyperglycaemia. In contrast, following 10–14 days of insulin treatment, an improvement of glucose disposal was seen in all diabetic dogs. It is concluded that insulin deficiency leads to (a) increased hepatic glucose production, and (b) the development of marked peripheral insulin resistance, which is reversed by insulin treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279943
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucose utilization in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes: Evidence for a defect not reversible by acute elevations of insulin (1983)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 25 (1983), S. 331-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 diabetes ; glucose utilization ; insulin resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It has long been assumed that replacement of insulin in insulin-deficient diabetic patients will normalise glucose utilization. In this study, glucose utilization was measured in nine long-standing, poorly controlled diabetic patients and five control subjects, matched for age (33±3 versus 33±2 years) and ponderal index (22.9±1.3 versus 21.7±1.0). Glucose uptake was measured during steady state insulinaemia in the diabetic patients and control subjects, at euglycaemia (5.5±0.5 versus 5.4±0.3 mmol/l, respectively) and moderate hyperglycaemia (11.8±0.9 versus 10.2±0.7 mmol/l, respectively). At euglycaemia with similar free insulin levels (50±19 versus 43±9 mU/l; p〉 0.6), the diabetic patients utilized less glucose than the control subjects (27.8±4.2 versus 56.4±5.7 μmol · kg-1.min-1; · p〈 0.005). During hyperglycaemia, the diabetic patients utilized almost as much glucose as the control subjects did at euglycaemia (49.9±6.4 versus 56.4±5.7 μmol·kg-1 · min-1, respectively). In the control subjects, a 1-mmol/l rise in glucose concentration (with insulin remaining constant) resulted in a 12.3±1.3 μmol·kg-1·min-1 rise in glucose utilization. In contrast, in the diabetic patients, a 1-mmol/l rise in blood glucose resulted in a rise in glucose utilization of only 3.8±0.8 μmol · kg-1 · min-1 (p〈 0.001), in the presence of similar concentrations of plasma insulin. This defect of glucose utilization in Type1 diabetic patients could not be reversed by acutely raising insulin to 247±23 mU/l. It is concluded that poorly controlled, insulin-dependent diabetes has a marked defect in glucose utilization that cannot be corrected by short-term hyperinsulinaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253196
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 in southern Italy: a clinical and molecular study of 30 families (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 246 (1999), S. 467-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words SCA2 ; Autosomal ; dominant cerebellar ataxia ; CAG ; expansion ; Intergenerational ; instability ; Anticipation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I is the most common form of dominant ataxia. A genetic heterogeneity has been identified with five different loci (SCA1, 2, 3, 4, and 6). A pathological expansion of a CAG sequence has been identified in SCA1, 2, 3, and 6. We performed molecular analysis in 51 families with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I, mainly originating from southern Italy and Sicily. Thirty families carry an expanded CAG sequence within SCA2 gene. The mean number of repeats was 39.9 ± 3.3 in 85 expanded alleles, with a range of 34–52. The number of triplets was inversely correlated with age at onset and explained 76% of the variance. The best fit was obtained with an exponential relationship between variables. Expanded alleles were unstable when transmitted from parents to offspring. Expansions were more common than contractions, accounting for 59% of the total meioses and for 80% of the father-child transmissions. The mean intergenerational variation was 1.9 repeats (range –3 to +15) with higher values for male transmissions. Bulbar and autonomic signs were related to disease duration, pyramidal signs to CAG size, cerebellar features and peripheral neuropathy to both. Among the remaining 21 families, three carried the SCA1 and one the SCA6 mutation. This study suggests that SCA2 is the prevalent mutation in southern Italy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050385
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liver inflammation and acute respiratory distress syndrome in a patient receiving hepatitis B vaccine: a possible relationship? (1997)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 23 (1997), S. 119-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words ARDS ; Hepatitis B vaccine ; Immune complex ; Polymorphonuclear cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a patient in whom clinical evidence of liver and lung dysfunction developed after he received the second dose of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, despite no serologic evidence of viral hepatitis. However, liver biopsy specimens demonstrated both surface antigens and core antigens, possibly indicating silent hepatitis B virus infection. A search for an infective etiology for the patient’s subsequent clinical deterioration in lung function did not yield pathogens; postmortem examination revealed evidence of immune complex-mediated organ injury in the liver, lungs, and kidneys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050302
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transverse Microincisions of the Outer Layer of the Dura mater Combined with Foramen Magnum Decompression as Treatment for Syringomyelia with Chiari I Malformation (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 140 (1998), S. 134-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Chiari I malformation; foramen magnum decompression; syringomyelia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Numerous surgical procedures have been proposed for treatment of syringomyelia associated with Chiari I malformation, but the optimal treatment has not yet been uniformly standardised. The main aim of the surgical treatment of syringomyelia/Chiari I complex is directed toward restoration of physiological cerebrospinal fluid dynamic at the craniovertebral junction. We report the surgical results of eight patients, affected by syringomyelia and Chiari I malformation, age range from 18 to 62 years, treated by bony foramen magnum decompression combined with transverse microincisions of the outer layer of the dura mater. In an average postoperative follow-up period of two years neurological symptoms and signs improved in seven patients. Postoperative Magnetic Resonance showed a decrease in size of the syrinx in seven patients. These results suggest that foramen magnum decompression combined with transverse microincisions of the outer layer of the dura 1) is an effective and safe treatment option for syringomyelia and Chiari I malformation, 2) corrects the circulatory disturbances of cerebrospinal fluid dynamic, 3) leads to a decrease in size of the syrinx and to a significant improvement in neurological signs and symptoms, 4) avoids complications of intradural approaches and syringosubarachnoid shunting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010050074
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalies of the P1 segment of the posterior cerebral artery: Early bifurcation or duplication, fenestration, common trunk with the superior cerebellar artery (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 109 (1991), S. 66-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Anatomical variations ; posterior cerebral artery ; circle of Willis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a series of anatomical dissections on 100 fixed human brains, 3% of anomalies of the precommunicating segment of the posterior cerebral artery (P1) were found, among which a case of duplication of the P1 segment. This finding is very unusual and it is much rarer than the many other anatomical patterns reported in the circle of Willis. It is to be considered a very early bifurcation, as reported at the middle cerebral artery level. Another two unusual anatomical patterns were found. One was a large fenestration of the P1 segment, which is rather frequent in the vertebrobasilar system. The other was a bilateral common trunk between the posterior cerebral artery and the superior cerebellar artery, which represents a rare anatomical variation. The existence of such “anomalies” can be explained by the embryological development of the region. Their pathogenic and neurosurgical implications are discussed in the light of the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01405701
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does Subarachnoid Blood Extravasation per se Induce Long-Term Neuropsychological and Cognitive Alterations? (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 140 (1998), S. 805-812 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Cognitive alteration; neuropsychological functions; subarachnoid haemorrhage.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  Although recent advances in medical and management strategies have reduced the mortality and morbidity rates related to subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), patients who survive a SAH may remain nevertheless affected by persistent cognitive and neuropsychological disturbances. The presence of these deficits has been attributed to the neurotoxic effects of the widespread subarachnoid blood. To assess the long-term neuropsychological and cognitive outcome related to subarachnoid blood extravasation per se we evaluated 20 patients affected by an unknown origin subarachnoid haemorrhage, and having SAH characteristics generally considered predictive of a favourable outcome. Patients were enrolled after a one-year interval from the initial insult, and were selected accordingly to a pre-designed protocol. We employed a complete battery of tests, assessing general cognitive and language functions, memory and construction ability, attention and vigilance, anxiety and depression. The results were compared with normal reference values and with performances of a socio-demographically homogenous sample of control volunteers. This study did not evidence any significant long-term cognitive and neuropsychological alteration after subarachnoid blood extravasation. These results indicate that the presence of subarachnoid blood initiate a number of secondary mechanisms of pathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010050182
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-Course of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Changes After Experimental Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 142 (2000), S. 575-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Blood-brain barrier; evans blue; rat; subarachnoid haemorrhage.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary ¶ An increase in blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) has been described in humans and has been correlated with delayed cerebral ischemia and poor clinical outcome. Few studies examined in the laboratory the relationship between SAH and BBB, with contrasting results due to limitations in experimental probes adopted and in timing of observation. The aim of this study was to quantify the time-course of BBB changes after experimental SAH. Groups of eight rats received injections of 400 μl of autologous arterial blood into the cisterna magna. BBB was assessed 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after SAH and in sham-operated animals separately for cerebral cortex, i.e. frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, subcortical gray matter (Caudate-Putamen-Thalamus), cerebellar cortex and nuclei, and brain stem by a spectrophotofluorimetric evaluation of Evans Blue dye extravasation. As compared to sham-operated controls, SAH determined a significant BBB permeability change beginning 36 hours after SAH, peaking at 48 hours, and normalizing on day 3. This study provides a quantitative description of the temporal progression and recovery of BBB dysfunction after SAH. These results have implications for the management of aneurysm patients and for assessing the rationale and the therapeutic window of new pharmacological approaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010050472
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Action of Acetyl-L-Carnitine in Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 663 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb38710.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbiological controls across the productive cycle of Dicentrarchus labrax L. and Sparus aurata L.: a study from the environment to the final product (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 35 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The microbiological quality of water, sediments and seafood products of three Sicilian marine fish farms (Castellammare Gulf, Capo d'Orlando and Porto Palo) was investigated in order to draw a complete picture of the health conditions from the start (environment) to the end (seafood product) of the productive cycle. Before the beginning of fish farming, low concentrations of faecal contamination indicators (faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci) were found in the water of each examined area. Due to the enhanced organic load released from cages, the set-up of fish farming significantly altered the distribution of faecal indicators and sometimes that of halophilic vibrios in the pelagic compartment. Significant differences in the density of heterotrophic bacteria were sometimes recorded at the sediment level. Despite this increase in microbial abundance, the microbiological conditions remained acceptable for the productive process. Pathogens (Salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus) were mostly absent in seafood products. The study underlines that the achievement of good quality levels in aquaculture strongly depends on the conformity of the rearing environment to qualitative microbiological standards, highlighting the importance of sanitary controls along the different steps of the productive cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01009.x
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