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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructural Analysis of Severe Bone Lesions in Seven Thalassemic Patients Treated with Deferoxamine (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 67 (2000), S. 128-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Thalassemia — Bone lesions — Bone microstructure — X ray diffraction — Microradiography — Microhardness — Deferoxamine.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Osteochondrodystrophic lesions, mainly affecting long bone metaphyses, can be radiologically evident in homozygotic thalassemic patients treated with deferoxamine, and their incidence rate varies among authors. The clinical and radiological appearance of these lesions is described in the literature, but microstructural data are still lacking. The aim of our research was to evaluate the microstructure of five tibial biopsy specimens from thalassemic patients with bone lesions (5 cases out of 180 patients followed for the last 10 years, i.e., 2.8%) and two bone biopsy specimens from thalassemic patients with no radiological alteration of the long bones. As control, bone tissue taken from autoptic tibiae of two subjects with no skeletal pathology was used. Using microradiography and X-ray diffraction (XRD), we found a reduced and irregular mineralization of the bone (compared with controls) in thalassemic subjects. Bone tissue microhardness was also significantly reduced. Nevertheless, bone apatite lattice was unaltered and no `foreign' crystallographic phase was recorded by XRD. In conclusion, all the patients shared a similar picture of abnormal bone, even with no radiological evidence of lesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00223001122
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Keratinophilic fungi isolated from antarctic soil (1989)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 106 (1989), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: keratinophilic fungi ; soil ; antarctic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the present study, 10 soil samples were collected aseptically from an equal number of areas of the Antarctic in the zone occupied by the 1986–1987 Italian expedition for research on keratinophilic fungi. Of particular interest was the isolation of a pathogenic fungus, Microsporum gypseum, from two sites in the base camp occupied by men and by skuas. Trichophyton terrestre was isolated from a site in which people worked and through which penguins and skuas passed. The most widespread fungal species were members of the genus Chrysosporium. Some of these species were isolated but not identified and this part of the study was still be completed. Another significant finding was the absence of fungi in one sample, while in another the widespread and abundant growth in all the seeded dishes of a single species of Chrysosporium. Other species in genera of general diffusion in many environments were also isolated : Aspergillus spp., Malbranchea sp., Mycelia sterilia spp., Paecilomyces sp., Penicillium spp. and Scopulariopsis spp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00436926
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray diffraction of bone at the interface with hydroxyapatite-coated versus uncoated metal implants (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 9 (1998), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The microstructural characteristics of the newly formed bone tissue at the interface with hydroxyapatite-coated and uncoated stainless steel pins used in an external fracture fixation system have been evaluated. The bone far from the interface was used as a control. Pins were transversally inserted into the diaphyses of sheep tibiae and were loaded in for six weeks. Three sheep received coated pins and two received uncoated pins. Crystallographic habit and mineralization of the implant-facing bone were evaluated. Moreover, lattice parameters of bone apatite were measured and hydroxyapatite (HA) coating degradation was investigated, by means of conventional and microbeam X-ray diffraction (XRD). In coated pins, six weeks after the implantation the newly formed bone tissue at the interface did not reach complete maturation, but the presence of the implant did not alter the apatite lattice structure; the lattice parameters did not show statistically significant variations with respect to those observed in the control bone. In uncoated pins, bone tissue rarely appeared totally mineralized and lattice parameters were significantly different with respect to those observed in the bone far from the implant. HA particles were observed spreading in the bone-facing coated pins; the XRD pattern of bone apatite surrounding HA particles was unmodified. It was concluded that HA coatings improved the bone remodelling process during pin fixation in comparison to uncoated pins and did not alter the crystallographic habit of apatite. © 1998 Chapman & Hall
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008855216755
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of mutagenic potential of some glass–ionomer cements through Ames testing (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 9 (1998), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The mutagenic potential of three commercially available glass–ionomer cements used in dentistry was examined. The cement components were mixed according to the manufacturers indications and set for two defined times: 1 h or, alternatively, 1 wk. Cements B and C set spontaneously; in the case of cement A, the manufacturer suggests the use of a lamp to trigger also a photopolymerization. Photopolymerization, however, was not used. Ames tests were performed on the dimethyl sulphoxide extracts of cements by using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538 and TA 102. Cement A showed mutagenicity only against TA 1537 strain, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation with microsomial fraction S9. The other two cements showed no mutagenic potential. We conclude that glass–ionomer cements are, on the whole, safe materials from the viewpoint of genotoxicity, and hypothesize that the mutagenicity observed in cement A could depend on its polymerization performed without light activation. © 1998 Chapman & Hall
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008815602642
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interface of bone microstructure and an innovative coating: An X-ray diffraction study (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 40 (1998), S. 86-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: X-ray diffraction ; ceramic ; external fixation ; coating ; biocompatibility ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The in vivo compatibility and degradation aspects of an innovative coating to be sprayed onto titanium implants were investigated. The surface of fluorinated apatite (fHA), consisting of fluorhydroxyapatite plasma sprayed in a vacuum atmosphere, was treated with carbonate to improve its biological compatibility. fHA coating was compared with titanium implants coated (a) with hydroxyapatite (HA) by the traditional plasma spraying, and (b) with titanium oxide (TiOx). Screw-shaped implants were inserted in the cortical bone of sheep tibiae. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of bone tissue and coatings was carried out at 2, 4, 12 and 36 weeks after surgery. The crystallographic habit of the implant-facing bone, as well as the structural stability of the coating, were evaluated. For each time period and type of ceramic bone apatite lattice at the interface, no significantly different reference apatite lattice and no foreign peak were recorded. Two weeks after implantation, the bone at the interface was strongly unmineralized in all samples; after 4 weeks, poorly mineralized bone microareas decreased. At 12 weeks, the newly formed bone tissue at the interface with both the new coating and HA coating was shown to be fully mineralized; this crystallographic habit was retained at 36 weeks, when particle release from the tested material was lower compared to the controls. The XRD pattern of bone apatite surrounding the coating particles was unmodified. The innovative coating did not alter the mineralization process at the interface. It improved implant osteointegration, mainly due to a limited release of particles. Consequently, clinical performance of external fixation treatment could be improved by modifying the chemical composition of the implant surface. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 40, 86-91, 1998.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technical note: Activation of the plasma coagulation system induced by some biomaterials (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 31 (1996), S. 145-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The ability of some biomaterials to activate plasma coagulation system was examined in vitro. After contact of platelet-rich plasma with biomaterials, some markers of the thrombin formation process, i.e., fragment 1 + 2 and fibrinopeptide A, and some inhibitors of the blood coagulation mechanism were tested. Fragment 1 + 2 and fibrinopeptide A were found to be increased by all of the materials, though to a different extent. In particular, fragment 1 + 2 and fibrinopeptide A were significantly increased upon contact with polybutylene terephthalate and with collagen coated polyethylene terephthalate, respectively. Also, antithrombin III was shown to decrease following exposure to biomaterials, but statistical significance was found only for polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinylacetate. As a result of this wide range of variability in the parameters, it is advisable to explore the plasma coagulation system with a multiparametric approach in which thrombin formation and coagulation inhibitors are thoroughly investigated. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro sister chromatid exchange induced by glass ionomer cements (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 40 (1998), S. 545-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: glass ionomer cement ; sister chromatid exchange ; genotoxicity ; biomaterial ; biocompatibility ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The genotoxicity of three glass ionomer cements used in dentistry, manufactured by American (Vitrebond™), Japanese (Fuji I™), and European (Ketac Cem™) companies were examined. The cement components were mixed according to the manufacturers' instructions and allowed to set for two defined times: 1 h or 1 week, before extracting them, as established by ISO standard 10993 part 12. To highlight sister chromatid exchange during mitosis, the extracts then were tested with human peripheral lymphocytes in the presence or absence of metabolic activation with S9 mix. The test performed was a genotoxicity test as provided for in standard EN 30993 part 3. Vitrebond™ resulted in direct genotoxicity and was strongly cytotoxic both in the extracts performed at 1 h and those at 1 week if they were allowed to set without photoactivation. Fuji I™ was noncytotoxic and showed only uncertain indirect genotoxicity in the extracts at 1 h; genotoxicity was not present in the extracts at 1 week. Ketac Cem™ cement was not genotoxic nor was it cytotoxic either at 1 h or 1 week. The authors concluded that of the three cements tested the European cement Ketac Cem™ passed one of the tests suggested by the EEC standard for assessing genotoxicy. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 40, 545-550, 1998.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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