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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of mutagenic potential of some glass–ionomer cements through Ames testing (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 9 (1998), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The mutagenic potential of three commercially available glass–ionomer cements used in dentistry was examined. The cement components were mixed according to the manufacturers indications and set for two defined times: 1 h or, alternatively, 1 wk. Cements B and C set spontaneously; in the case of cement A, the manufacturer suggests the use of a lamp to trigger also a photopolymerization. Photopolymerization, however, was not used. Ames tests were performed on the dimethyl sulphoxide extracts of cements by using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538 and TA 102. Cement A showed mutagenicity only against TA 1537 strain, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation with microsomial fraction S9. The other two cements showed no mutagenic potential. We conclude that glass–ionomer cements are, on the whole, safe materials from the viewpoint of genotoxicity, and hypothesize that the mutagenicity observed in cement A could depend on its polymerization performed without light activation. © 1998 Chapman & Hall
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008815602642
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydroxyapatite Coated Stainless-Steel External Fixation Pins (1997)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 250 (Sept. 1997), p. 231-0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/02/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.250.231.pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(butylene terephthalate) haemocompatibility after physicochemical treatment in order to increase wettability (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 4 (1993), S. 192-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: We evaluated the haemocompatibility of a filter of poly(butylene terephthalate) for packed red cell transfusions, which had undergone a physicochemical treatment (corona treatment) in order to reduce the filling time. Leucocyte, erythrocyte and platelet counts were carried out and haematological and coagulation parameters were examined before and after filtration. Moreover, some biochemical plasma parameters were evaluated, which are normally checked in hospitalized patients. The results obtained show that the filter treatment reduces the filling time, does not reduce the efficiency in retaining leucocytes and platelets,and does not induce alterations in filtered red blood cells. However, the treatment prolongs the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and reduces the activity of some factors of the intrinsic coagulation pathway. On the other hand, it does not induce modifications in the biochemical parameters examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00120391
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microhardness evaluations of the bone growing into porous implants (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 3 (1992), S. 252-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Small cylinders of a new composite porous material consisting of a dense alumina core coated with two layers of beads of the same material, bonded to each other and to the underlying surface by a high-temperature melting glass have been implanted in the proximal femurs of rabbits. The explants were carried out 1, 4, 6, 8, and 18 weeks after surgery. The bone fragment containing the implant was embedded in methyl methacrylate without performing decalcification, and morphological observations were carried out. These showed that four weeks after surgery it is already possible to observe the development of bone spicules in the implant porosities. Along with these studies, microhardness measurements were carried out by using a microhardness tester connected to an image analyser. The mineralized tissue in close contact with the implant showed, one month after surgery, a compression strength similar to that of healthy bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705289
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro assessment of lymphocytes response following re-exposure to silicone (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 640-643 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Currently, the use of silicone-filled devices, mainly in plastic surgery for breast reconstruction or augmentation, is being debated by the scientific community in connection with the risk to the patient. In this study the response of whole blood or isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with silicone-gel-filled breast implants was assessed in vitro, in order to verify the hypothesis of silicone material acting in vivo as a sensitizing agent. Both quantitative and qualitative changes of lymphocyte subpopulations of patients carrying silicone devices were assessed and compared with healthy subjects. Upon 24–72 h in vitro re-exposure of patients' lymphocytes to silicone extract, lymphocyte surface antigen expression was monitored by flow cytometry, and the functional response of lymphocytes was measured by radioactive tracer uptake and biochemical changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00120346
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A latex membrane, as an alternative device in the GTR technique: preliminary report on its biocompatibility (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 647-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Polymeric materials are of widespread use for many clinical applications, including dentistry. Periodontal guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a technique developed to treat periodontal disease: it implies that new connective tissue attachment and bone regeneration are achieved, whereas epithelial migration is prevented by the placement of a barrier membrane. This study has focused on the toxicity in vitro of different polymeric membranes, either commercial or experimental, with a latex rubber membrane being of special interest for use as an implant material in guided tissue regeneration in periodontology. A cell culture system tested by quantitative assay methods offered a reliable tool which provided meaningful results on the first level biocompatibility of such membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00120348
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative analysis of the bone-hydroxyapatite coating interface (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 6 (1995), S. 455-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The bone implant interface in stainless steel pins coated with hydroxyapatite, used in a monoaxial fracture external fixation system was examined. The pins were transversally inserted into sheep tibial diaphyses where a defect was created, and they were loaded for 6 weeks. Uncoated pins were implanted as control. The microscopic relation between bone and implant was quantified through image analysis: the residual thickness of the hydroxyapatite coating, pin-bone contact surface and bone ingrowth value in between the threads were measured. The bone tissue at the interface appeared regularly mineralized and viable both in the implants of coated pins and in the control uncoated ones. The ceramic coating showed a slight and not statistically significant increase in thickness. The ceramic coated pins presented contact with bone higher than the uncoated pins (75.6±20.0 versus 47.5±19.4); they also induced a higher bone ingrowth (86.6±22.4 versus 78.7±13.5). Both differences are not statistically significant, but suggestive of a trend. The authors concluded that the hydroxyapatite coating of the pins might improve the performance of external fixators, by favouring bone apposition and reducing rate of loosening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00123370
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro complement activation after contact with pyrolytic carbon-coated and uncoated polyethylene terephthalate (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 771-774 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This study was undertaken to evaluate whether the pyrolytic carbon coating of polyethylene terephthalate induces complement activation. Complement activation induced by pyrolytic carbon-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET+PC) in comparison with uncoated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was assessed on whole blood collected with heparin. The activation of the classic pathway was evaluated by C4d fragment enzyme immunoassay. The activation of the alternative pathway was evaluated with Bb fragment enzyme immunoassay. The results show that uncoated PET activates the alternative pathway, but not the classic one. PET+PC does not induce complement activation, not even through the alternative pathway. Pyrolytic carbon coating therefore contributes to improving blood compatibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018564629533
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell death induced by metal ions: necrosis or apoptosis? (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 9 (1998), S. 31-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract We have evaluated if the cytotoxic effects of metals released from implants are due to necrosis or apoptosis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to different concentrations of chromium, nickel and cobalt extracts and the characteristics of both apoptosis and necrosis were evaluated by flow-cytometry at different culture endpoints. In order to define the prevalence of apoptosis or necrosis, the ratio cell death/apoptosis was calculated. A ratio of ≤1 means the prevalence of apoptotic events; a ratio 〉1 indicates the acute toxicity of the tested substance (necrosis). The extracts of chromium, cobalt and nickel had a cytotoxic effect on the mononuclear cells; high concentrations of cobalt and nickel produced cell necrosis, whereas by lowering the extract concentration apoptotic phenomena were observed. High chromium concentrations can induce cell death by apoptosis. Our data suggest that when large amounts of nickel and cobalt are released from implanted metal devices, necrosis is produced and consequently a strong inflammatory tissue reaction is likely to occur. The release of either chromium or limited amounts of nickel and cobalt induces toxicity characterized by apoptotic phenomena, which allows an adaptation of the tissue to the implant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008878527233
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray diffraction analysis of bone-cement interface in failed hip arthroplasties (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 644-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This study was focused on the bone tissue response to cement in failed hip joint prostheses. The investigation was carried out by means of micro-beam X-ray diffractometric (XRD) analysis of the bone-cement interface. Nine cemented prostheses retrieved because of loosening were studied. This research has demonstrated that the newly formed bone close to the cement in loosened prostheses showed a normal apatitic structure, though bone tissue was often found poorly mineralized. In contrast, in stable prostheses well-mineralized bone was observed. In both cases, however, the bone apatite lattice at the interface was shown not to be different from pre-existing bone. The authors conclude that the mineralization process close to the cement can be thoroughly evaluated by micro-beam XRD techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00120347
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