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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photoelectron spectra and bonding in some trimethylgold(III) complexes (1983)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 22 (1983), S. 2133-2136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00157a009
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diffusion of Pseudoplanar Solutes: An Investigation on the Effects of Hydrogen Bonding (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 5765-5768 
    Details
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100016a007
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of molecular association on mutual diffusion: A study of hydrogen bonding in dilute solutions (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 3003-3008 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Diffusivities of pseudoplanar molecules at trace concentration in methanol have been measured at 298.2 K using Taylor's dispersion method. The data of the polar and nonpolar aromatic solutes are compared, and the effects due to solute–solvent interactions on diffusion, together with the solvation numbers, are determined. In this study, the effects are combined with the recently developed solute hydrogen-bond scales to unravel hydrogen bonding between solute and solvent. It is found that the degrees of association of the solutes with methanol decrease in the sequence hydroquinone〉aromatic acids〉phenols〉aromatic amines〉aprotic aromatic compounds. Except for o-nitrophenol, which is capable of intramolecular hydrogen bonding, all aromatic acids, phenols, and amines studied behave more as hydrogen-bond donor than acceptor in methanol. The present work also indicates that motions of associated molecules can be understood in terms of the molecular behavior of nonassociated solutes and the hydrogen-bond acidity/basicity of polar solutes. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.477895
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effects of molecular association on mutual diffusion in acetone (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 1890-1895 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Limiting mutual diffusion coefficients of aromatic compounds in acetone have been measured at 298.2 K by using the chromatographic peak-broadening method. The data of the polar and nonpolar pseudoplanar solutes are compared, and the effects of molecular association on diffusion as well as the solvation numbers are determined. It is found that the effects of hydrogen bonding are such that –OH〉–NH2〉–SH, and that the solvation numbers are approximately equal for solutes containing the same polar group. Using ab initio molecular orbital theory, molecular solute–acetone interaction energies have been calculated. There exists a nearly linear relationship between the interaction energy and the effect of solute–solvent association on diffusion. The applicability of the rough-hard-sphere theory to the diffusion of associated molecules is discussed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.474539
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Equilibrium isotope effects in aqueous systems. IV. The vapor pressures of NaBr, Nal, KF, Na2SO4, and CaCl2 solutions in H2O and D2O (O to 90°C). Vapor pressures of Na2SO4·10H2O, ·10D2O and CaCl2·2H2O, ·2D2O (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 4 (1975), S. 71-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Schlagwort(e): Solvent isotope effect ; vapor pressure ; D2O ; sodium bromide ; sodium iodide ; potassium fluoride ; sodium sulfate ; calcium chloride ; osmotic coefficients ; free energies ; activity coefficients ; thermodynamic properties ; enthalpies ; entropies ; temperature coefficient
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Solvent vapor pressure isotope effects have been measured in HOH/DOD between approximately 0 and 90°C on the following electrolyte solutions: NaBr (2, 5, 7, and 9m), NaI (4, 6, 8, and 10m), KF (3, 6, 9, and 12m), Na2SO4 (2m and saturated solutions, and hydrated cyrstal), and CaCl2 (3, 5.5, 8, and 10m, and hydrated crystal). Values of the isotope effects on the various excess thermodynamic properties of solution, including the osmotic and activity coefficients and the excess free energies, enthalpies, and entropies, have been extracted from least-square expressions which fit the VPIE over the entire concentration and temperature range. The results are compared with those obtained for alkali metal chloride solutions (I, II) and literature data where possible. They are discussed briefly in terms of solution structure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00646053
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vapor pressure isotope effects in aqueous systems. VIII. The system dimethyl sulfoxide/H2O/D2O (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 5 (1976), S. 107-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Schlagwort(e): Vapor pressure isotope effects ; dimethyl sulfoxide ; H2O ; D2O ; thermodynamic properties ; partial molal free energies ; partial molal enthalpies ; isotope effects ; aqueous systems
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Vapor pressures for the system I (dimethyl sulfoxide/H2O=DMSO/H2O) and isotopic differential pressures I-II (II=DMSO/D2O) have been measured between 25 and 70°C at DMSO concentrations of 0.05, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, 0.70, 0.80, 0.87, and 0.92 mole fraction. A high-precision differential method was used. The total pressures over the solutions, I, have been fitted to a relation derived from the Duhem-Margules equation, P T =P 1 o X1γ1+P 2 o X2γ2, with γ1=exp[∑kαkX 2 k ] and $$\gamma _2 = exp[\sum \alpha _k X_2^k - \sum (\alpha _k /(k - 1))(kX_2^{k - 1} - 1)].$$ . The αk are parameters andk is a number ≥2. The αk were taken as temperature dependent. Four parameters sufficed to fit the data within experimental error. Excess partial molal properties derived from the fits are in quantitative agreement with earlier literature results derived from the directly measured partial pressures, but the present data extend over a wider temperature range. The isotopic differential pressures I-II were similarly fitted to the relation above. The excess free energies and enthalpiesG I E andH I E are large and negative. The isotope effects ΔG I,II E =G I E −G II E and ΔH I,II E are negative. They are discussed in detail in terms of the theory of isotope effects in condensed phases and demonstrated to be consistent with that theory and with the available spectroscopic data. A small amount of enthalpy data for the solution of DMSO in HOH and DOD is reported.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00648893
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Specific sequence amplification of bovine viral diarrhoea virus nucleic acid (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 111 (1990), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) causes infection of cattle worldwide and is a common contaminant of cell cultures in the laboratory. Methods of diagnosis for BVDV are time-consuming and inconsistent. We describe the development of an in vitro test based on enzymatic DNA amplification withThermus aquaticus DNA polymerase of sequences of BVDV cDNA reverse transcribed from viral RNA. Specific sequences were amplified from infected cell cultures and clinical material using laboratory and field strains of BVDV including both cytopathic and non-cytopathic isolates. Both plus and minus strands of viral RNA can act as suitable templates for cDNA synthesis prior to sequence amplification. Internal restriction digest of amplified sequences and the co-amplification of multiple sequences increased the specificity of the reaction. The significance of the technique in relation to the diagnosis and understanding of strain differences is also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01311057
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of doxorubicin on the canine erythroid and myeloid progenitor cells and bone marrow microenvironment (1993)
    Springer
    Comparative clinical pathology 3 (1993), S. 96-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2981
    Schlagwort(e): Bone marrow microenvironment ; Canine ; Doxorubicin ; Erythroid colony-forming unit ; Fibroblast colony-forming unit ; Granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The antineoplastic drug doxorubicin is known to cause cytopenias. In humans and in dogs treated with doxorubicin, neutropenia is a common haematological toxicity. To determine the mechanism of doxorubicin haematotoxicity in the dog, in vitro bone marrow progenitor and microenvironment assays were done in the presence of doxorubicin. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of doxorubicin for canine erythroid colony-forming unit (CFU-E) was 0.042 ± 0.01 μM and for canine granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit (CFU-GM) it was 0.0084 ± 0.002 μM To determine the effects of doxorubicin on the bone marrow microenvironment, fibroblast colony-forming unit (CFU-F) assays were performed. The 50% inhibitory concentration for canine CFU-F was 0.030 ± 0.01 μM. Morphologically, the CFU-F were made up of predominantly cells (73 ± 8%) with fibroblast-like morphology. Within the colonies as well as between the colonies, there were cells with macrophage (27 ± 8%) morphology. To support the morphological classification of these cells, cytochemical staining was done. The cells with the fibroblast-like morphology were negative for butyrate esterase and those with macrophage morphology were positive, whereas both cell types were positive for acid phosphatase in the presence or absence of tartrate. Our data show that the effects of doxorubicin on in vitro haematopoiesis in the dog are similar to those described in man.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00368112
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of the embryonic kidney (2000)
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental nephrology 4 (2000), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7799
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Kidney ; Pronephros ; Mesonephros ; Metanephros ; Nephron
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The kidney is a favorite subject of developmental biologists. In the past decade, we have gained a great deal of knowledge about the regulation of kidney development. This review describes the organization of the kidney, the molecules involved in the regulation of kidney development, and a unique protocol for kidney culture. The pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros represent three distinct renal organs which function, in succession, as the vertebrate excretory system.1 All three such kidneys are derived from the intermediate mesoderm and develop in a well defined temporal and spatial sequence. The pronephros, which consists of a tubule and excretory organ, is established earliest and functions as the simplest of the excretory organs in vertebrates. The amphibian pronephros, a simple organ which provides renal function in the early embryo, is conceptualized in the present study as a model system for devising experimental strategies for the in-vitro cultivation of donor organs and tissues for subsequent transplantation into vertebrate hosts. Combined activin and retinoic acid treatment of blastula-stage ectoderm cultured for 3 days yielded a pronephros-like structure. Its functional capacity was confirmed by transplanting it into late neurula-stage host embryos from which the natural pronephros rudiments had been removed. The donor tissue differentiated into a pronephros-like structure, and the host embryos were able to suppress the edema ordinarily caused by removal of the natural pronephric rudiments. Thus, this provides a model system for analyzing the experimental conditions and relevant principles for the cultivation of functional vertebrate organs for transplantation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101570050054
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of oxide structures formed on nickel-chromium alloy during low pressure oxidation at 500–600°C (1990)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 33 (1990), S. 457-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Schlagwort(e): Ni-Cr alloys ; transient oxide structures ; quantitative XPS ; Auger ; TEM ; SEM
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Low pressure oxidation studies of Ni-18%Cr alloy were carried out at temperatures of 500–600°C for very brief periods. Detailed XPS, AES, SEM, and TEM studies identified four stages in the initial oxidation. These are: (1) formation of a mixed nickel-chromium oxide overlayer; (2) growth of submicron-sized oxide nodules; (3) development of dark “hole-like” patches on the surface; and (4) growth of “second generation” oxide nodules. Both types of nodules consist primarily of a nickel structure depleted in oxygen. Their formation appears to result from a very rapid outward movement of nickel from localized defects in the metal. The dark patches result from the presence of a chromium oxide-rich underlayer, which appears to form by a lateral migration of chromium from adjacent oxide/metal interface regions and from grain boundaries.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00666809
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