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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of intermittent and persistent allergic rhinitis: DREAMS study group (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background In the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) classification, intermittent and persistent rhinitis were proposed to replace seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis (AR).Aim To better understand the ARIA classification of rhinitis.Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in 591 patients consulting ENT or allergy specialists for AR and 502 control subjects. The diagnosis of AR was based on a score for allergic rhinitis (SFAR) 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:09547894:CEA2274:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉7. Patients were classified according to the four ARIA classes (mild intermittent, mild persistent, moderate/severe intermittent and moderate/severe persistent). Allergen sensitization (skin prick tests (SPTs) or specific IgE) and co-morbidities were examined according to the ARIA classes.Results Ten percent of patients had mild intermittent rhinitis, 14% mild persistent rhinitis, 17% moderate/severe intermittent rhinitis and 59% moderate/severe persistent rhinitis. Most patients with intermittent rhinitis had a pollen sensitivity, but 5% had a single house dust mite (HDM) sensitization. Over 50% of patients with persistent rhinitis were allergic to pollens or HDM. Asthma was present in 24% of rhinitis patients and in only 2% of the control population (P〈0.0001). Patients with moderate/severe persistent rhinitis had the highest asthma prevalence (33%).Discussion Intermittent and persistent rhinitis are not synonymous of seasonal and perennial rhinitis. Most patients consulting specialists have severe rhinitis. Asthma prevalence increases with duration and severity of rhinitis supporting the ARIA major recommendation that patients with persistent rhinitis should be evaluated for asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02274.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of nasal polyposis in France: a cross-sectional, case–control study (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  The prevalence of nasal polyposis (NP) has never been established in France due to the lack of diagnostic tools for population-based studies.Methods:  Using a recently validated questionnaire/algorithm (90% specificity and sensitivity) in a population-based random sample, the present cross-sectional, case–control study allowed to determine NP prevalence and describe the principal aspects of NP epidemiology. A total of 10 033 subjects (≥18 years) were screened. After identification of subjects with NP and those without, another questionnaire was submitted to NP patients only for further data collection. Controls were individuals without NP, matched by gender and age to NP patients.Results:  Nasal polyposis prevalence was 2.11% (95% CI 1.83–2.39). NP patients (n = 212, 45% males) were aged 49.4 ± 17.6 years. No gender preponderance was observed, but NP tended to increase with age. Mean duration of nasal symptoms was 22.4 ± 15.7 years. Among the 145 patients having already seen a doctor for their symptoms, 77.2% have been referred to a specialist, and 18.6% had a diagnosis of NP. Rhinorrhoea was reported by 39.9% of NP patients, blocked nose by 30.8%, and anosmia by 28.9%. Only 6.9% reported facial discomfort while 24.6% complained about general discomfort. Most NP patients (61.3%) had a pharmacological treatment, a nasal spray for the major part (76.9%).Conclusion:  The present study provides valuable and reliable information on NP epidemiology in France; the collected information are in accordance with most published international data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00688.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The score for allergic rhinitis (SFAR): a simple and valid assessment method in population studies (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Allergy 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: No validated assessment of allergic rhinitis (AR) is presently available that can be used in population studies in the absence of medical diagnosis and of objective measurements of allergy. To compensate for this lack, a quantitative Score For Allergic Rhinitis (SFAR) ranging between 0 and 16 has been developed by experts. Methods: The SFAR, encompassing eight features of AR, was validated in three different ways: 1) among 269 outpatients taking the specialist's diagnosis of AR and skin prick tests (SPT) positivity as a gold standard (diagnosis validation); 2) using psychometric methods (internal validation); and 3) in a random population-based sample of 3001 individuals by telephone interview (population acceptability). Results: A SFAR value ≥ 7 allowed satisfactory discrimination between the outpatients with AR from those without (sensitivity = 74% [95% confidence interval CI: 0.69,0.79], specificity = 83% [0.79, 0.87], positive predictive value = 84% [0.80, 0.88], negative predictive value = 74% [0.69, 0.79] and Youden's index = 0.57, respectively). Internal consistency of the score was also high (among others, Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.79). On average, it took only 3 min for the individuals interviewed on the phone to complete the questionnaire, the questions of which were well understood. Among these subjects, the prevalence of AR was 21% [95% CI: 19.5%, 22.5%], which is comparable to other determinations in France. Conclusions: The newly a priori proposed Score For Allergic Rhinitis (SFAR) is easy to use and can be useful to estimate prevalence and to study causation of AR in population settings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.1o3170.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of subsensitivitvy to mizolastine over 8-week treatment (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mizolastine is a new, nonsedating antihistamine providing satisfactory symptom relief in allergic rhinitis and urticaria. The purpose of this study was to use the wheal and flare skin reactions model to assess the maintenance of the pharmacodynamic effect of mizolastine, administered for 2 months. This double-blind, parallel-group study involved 60 atopic patients randomly allocated, after a 1-week placebo run-in, to once-daily 10 mg mizolastine (n= 29) or placebo (n= 31) groups. Treatment continued for 8 weeks. Prick tests were performed in duplicate with histamine chlorhydrate (10mg/ml), codeine phosphate (9%), and five increasing concentrations (1–500 reactivity index/ml) of standardized allergen extracts (grass pollen or mites) at days 0, 7, 28, 42, and 56. After 7 days of treatment, inhibition of histamine-induced wheal was -76% and + 20%, respectively, with mizolastine and placebo (P= 0.0001), in comparison with baseline; inhibition of flare was - 86% and + 50%, respectively, with mizolastine and placebo (P = 0.0001). Suppression was maintained to a similar extent throughout the study. Results were consistent between histamine-, codeine-, and allergen-induced tests. Safety was satisfactory in both groups. This study confirms mizolastine as a potent antihistamine which does not induce subsensitivity when taken for 8 weeks, and which can be safely recommended in allergic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04601.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of soluble ICAM-1 levels in nasal secretion by H1-blockers in seasonal allergic rhinitis (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 52 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: ICAM-1, a transmembrane glycoprotein promoting adhesion in immunologic and inflammatory reactions, was found to be increased on nasal epithelial cells of patients with allergic rhinitis. Loratadinae, an H1-Mocker, was found to reduce in vitro the expression of ICAM-1 on nasal epithelial cells. A double-blind, parallel-group study was carried out during the pollen season to compare the effect of two H1-blockers, cetiraizine (10 mg OD) and loratadine (10 mg OD), on the release of soluble ICAM-1 in nasal secretions. A group of untreated patients was used as a control group. sICAM-1 was measured by enzyme immunoassay before and after 2 weeks of treatment. Symptoms were significantly decreased in the actively treated groups. sICAM-1 levels were unchanged in the control group but were significantly reduced in the two treated groups (P〈0.015, Wilcoxon's W test). This study shows that two H1-blockers, loratadine and cetirizinae, have a similar effect on sICAM-1 released in nasal secretions during the pollen season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb02425.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevention of pollen rhinitis symptoms: comparison of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray and disodium cromoglycate aqueous nasal spray (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 48 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fluticasone propionate aqueous spray, a new intranasal corticosteroid preparation, and disodium eromoglyeate 2% aqueous nasal spray, an established preventive treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis, were compared in a double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group, multicentric study in France. A total of 218 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis caused by grass pollen (verified by positive skin prick test) were preventively treated before the onset of the grass pollen season with either fluticasone propionate 200 μg once daily or disodium cromoglycate 5.2 mg four times daily. Half of these doses was given in each nostril. Treatment started before the onset of the pollen season in most patients (178/218). Diary cards, including symptoms of rhinitis and usage of nasal sprays, were filled in twice daily for 5 weeks.Terfenadine in 60-mg tablets and eye-drops could be used as rescue medications. We treated 110 patients with fluticasone propionate and 108 patients with disodium cromoglycate. Patients treated with flutieasone propionate had significantly more days free of primary efficacy symptoms of sneezing (P 〈 0.001) and nasal discharge during the day (P= 0.002), as well as free of all the other nasal symptoms (P 〈 0.0l), and significantly lower median scores (P 〈 0.05) for all nasal symptoms except nasal discharge than patients treated with disodium cromoglycate. There was no difference in eye symptoms or in rescue medication use between the two groups. Compliance with the treatment was assessed. Eleven patients recorded incorrect use of both nasal sprays for over 25% of days, and 55 patients recorded incorrect use of four-times-daily spray only; no patient recorded incorrect use of morning spray only. Both treatments were generally well tolerated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb02401.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of a composite scoring system in conjunctival challenge with allergen: reproducibility and evolution during loratadine treatment (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The reproducibility of any challenge and its sensitivity to change during therapeutic interventions should always be examined before any drug trial is conducted. Conjunctival challenge has been widely used to assess objectively the efficacy of antiallergic treatments. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study was carried out in 26 patients allergic to grass pollen to test the reproducibility of a composite symptom score during placebo and control days, and to check the ability of loratadine to increase the provocative dose inducing a positive challenge. Conjunctival challenge was carried out with increasing concentrations of a standardized orchard grass pollen extract until a composite symptom score of 5 was reached. The provocative dose inducing a positive challenge was similar for the baseline (6.94 ± 8.7 index of reactivity (IR)) and placebo days (20.0 ± 32.5 IR) and was significantly increased (P 〈 0.01 and P 〈 0.001) when patients received loratadine (117.3 ± 136.8 IR). This study shows that the composite score used was reproducible and sensitive to change, making it possible to use in drug trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb05060.x
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