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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of urology 5 (1987), S. 237-244 
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A total of 48 staghorn stones treated between March and September 1985 with ESWL as a monotherapy revealed a stone-free rate of 61% (follow-up at 8 months). On the basis of these results and the long-term follow-up of these patients (mean follow-up 1.8 years), variables predicting treatment success (freedom from stones and symptoms) and failure were evaluated. Overall stone-burden, architecture of the renal collecting system, stone composition, choice of treatment procedure and patient compliance have been identified as the most important determinants. This study allowed modification of the treatment strategy at UCLA. An additional 94 patients were treated between September 1985 and March 1986 with an individualized approach using ESWL alone, PCN alone, or the combination of both procedures. In this group, 73% of the patients became completely stone-free; the remainder is being followed conservatively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Xenotransplantation ; Isovolemic hemodilution ; Renal hemoperfusion ; Xenotransplantation ; Isovolämische Hämodilution ; Renale Hämoperfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung E vivo-Hämoperfusion von Schweinenieren durch unbehandelte Hunde führt schon nach 15 min zu einem völligen Funktionsausfall der Organe auf Grund der hyperakuten xenogenen Abstoßungsreaktion. Eine Vorperfusion der Nieren mit einer 4°C-Nierenperfusionslösung verzögert das Sistieren des renalen Blutflusses um fast 2 Std. Präformierte natürliche Antikörper zusammen mit Komplement, Thrombocyten, Leukocyten sowie von vasoaktiven Substanzen werden als auslösende Momente bei dieser Transplantatabstoßung diskutiert. Extreme isovolämische Hämodilution des Empfängers mit 6% Dextran 60 bis zu einem Hämatokrit von 7,5% eliminiert den größten Teil der präformierten natürlichen Antikörper. Gleichzeitig werden alle anderen Blutbestandteile wie Komplement und Zellen deutlich vermindert. Die Reduzierung dieser Faktoren durch graduellen Ersatz des Gesamtblutes mit Dextran 60 und gewaschenen autologen Erythrocyten führt zu einer signifikanten Abschwächung der xenogenen Abstoßungsreaktion und damit zu einer Verbesserung der Funktion, die sich in einer Verlängerung der Nierendurchblutungszeit und einem starken Anstieg der Urinproduktion äußert.
    Notes: Summary E vivo hemoperfusion of pig kidneys by untreated dogs results in a complete deterioration of function within 15 min caused by a hyperacute xenogeneic rejection. Flush out of these kidneys by a special perfusion solution of 4°C is already able to delay the complete stop of the renal blood flow to approximately 2 hrs. Preformed natural antibodies together with complement, platelets, white blood cells and vasoactive substances are discussed to be the reason for this type of graft rejection. Extreme isovolemic hemodilution of the recipient dog with 6% Dextran 60 to a hematocrit of 7.5% eliminates most of the preformed natural antibodies. In parallel, all other factors like complement,γ globulins, thrombocytes and leucocytes are significantly decreased. The wash out of these factors by gradually replacing whole blood with only Dextran 60 and washed autologous erythrocytes leads to a striking mitigation of the xenogeneic reaction, resulting in a prolongation of the functional survival as indicated by extending the renal blood flow up to 11 hrs and a tremendous increase of urine production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 159 (1973), S. 266-275 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Kidney-transplantation ; Xenotransplantation ; Closely related species ; Delayed hyperacute rejection ; Nierentransplantation ; Xenotransplantation ; Nah verwandtes System ; Verzögert hyperakute Abstoßung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um das Verhalten vascularisierter Xenotransplantate zwischen Tieren enger zoologischer Verwandtschaft zu untersuchen, wurden Katzennieren „en bloc“ auf Hunde transplantiert. In diesem System zeigte sich, mit einer Funktionsdauer von 15–24 Std, der Typ einer verzögert hyperakuten Abstoßung. Der Abfall des Komplements im peripheren Blut und das Auftreten von Katzenprotein im Urin schon während der ersten Stunden deutet auf einen früheren Beginn dieser Reaktion hin, während die endgültige Zerstörung des Transplantates durch unspezifische, jedoch von der Antigen-Antikörper-Reaktion gestartete Mechanismen bedingt zu sein scheint. Den Empfängern dieser Ersttransplantate wurden 3 Wochen später mit einer Ex vivo-Hämoperfusion eine zweite Katzenniere angeschlossen. Innerhalb von 15–20 min waren diese Nieren unter dem Bild einer typischen hyperakuten Abstoßung zerstört.
    Notes: Summary To study the survival time of kidney-transplants in closely related species cat kidneys were transplanted to the iliac vessels of mongrel dogs by an “en bloc” method. A type of delayed hyperacute rejection was observed. The function time of the transplant kidneys ranged from 15 to 24 hrs. The decrease of complement activity and the appearance of cat-tissue protein in serum and urine samples show that the rejection began at an early stage. Since the antigen-antibody reaction seems to be finished after 6 hrs, indicated by an increase of complementactivity, the final loss of function may be effected by an unspecific reaction. Recipients survived after removal of the transplant and got a second kidney graft 3 weeks after the first set. These kidneys were rejected within 15–20 min with the sign of typical hyperacute rejection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 160 (1973), S. 32-44 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Hemoperfusion ; Xenogeneic rejection ; Preformed natural antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung E vivo-Hämoperfusion von Katzennieren durch unbehandelte Hunde wurde ausgeführt. Dieses Modell erlaubt Blut- und Urinanalysen zu jeder gewünschten Zeit und besitzt so einen gewissen methodischen Vorteil gegenüber der Transplantation. Die xenogenen Nieren wurden bis zu 15 Std funktionstüchtig erhalten. Im Gegensatz zu xenogenen Transplantationen bei Tieren innerhalb einer zoologischen Familie, bei denen celluläre Abstoßungsreaktionen auftreten, scheint in diesem System von Tieren, die einer gemeinsamen Ordnung angehören, der humorale Typ der Abstoßungsreaktion vorzuherrschen. Speciesspezifische, jedoch nicht organspezifische präformierte natürliche Antikörper setzen eine Folge von humoralen und cellulären Mechanismen in Gang, die zu einer fortschreitenden Zerstörung des Organs führen. Im Urin und Serum gemessene Parameter zeigen, daß eine hyperakute xenogene Abstoßungsreaktion, die im nah verwandten Speciessystem auftritt, verglichen mit der HXAR bei entfernt verwandten Species abgeschwächt und verzögert ist und daher unterschieden werden sollte.
    Notes: Summary E-vivo hemoperfusions of cat kidneys by untreated dogs were performed. Because analyses of blood and urine can be done at any time, this model has the methodical advantage above transplantation. The function time of the xenogeneic cat kidneys ranged from 10–15 hrs. In contrast to xenotransplants of closely related animals within a zoological family, which are destroyed by cellular actions, the rejection of grafts of nearly related species within a zoological order seems to be governed by humoral mechanisms. Speciesspecific but not organspecific PNAB trigger humoral and cellular factors, that lead to progressiv organ destruction. Urine and serum parameters show, that the HXR in nearly related species, compared to HXR in widely divergent species, is delayed and weakened and should therefore be distinguished.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 305 (1969), S. 210-218 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Bowel Motility ; Intestinal Pacemaker ; Excitation Conduction ; Duodenojejunal Flexure ; Darmmotilität ; intestinaler Schrittmacher ; Erregungsleitung ; flexura duodenojejunalis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The peristaltic contractions of the duodenum and the upper jejunum were measured simultaneously and continuously with extraluminal straingauge transducers in the unanaesthesized dog. 2. No independent peristaltic pacemaker in the duodenojejunal flexure region was found by correlating the measurements. 3. On the contrary, the jejunal rhythm was strongly coupled to that of the duodenum, apparently because of the conduction of a coordinating impulse, whose speed can also change. 4. It is concluded that peristaltic contraction waves run continuously from the duodenum to the upper jejunum without interruption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Isolated Organ Perfusion ; Intestinal Motility ; Monosaccharide Absorption ; Activation Energy ; Organperfusion ; Darmmotilität ; Monosaccharidresorption ; Aktivierungsenergie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Methodik eines isoliert hämoperfundierten Darmsegments wird beschrieben. Am Präparat werden Kreislauf- und Blutserumwerte bestimmt, die Motilität wird mittels Elektromyotraphie, Innendruckmessungen, und extraluminalen Dehnungsmeßstreifensonden registriert. Gleichzeitig werden Resorptionsfunktionen unter Berücksichtigung der Wasserverschiebung durch einen14C-markierten Volumenmarker untersucht. 2. Während 3 stündiger Perfusion blieben die Serumwerte für Glucose, Lactat, Pyruvat, Osmolarität, Na+, K+ und pH im Toleranzbereich. Der O2-Verbrauch erreichte am Versuchsende 90% des Anfangswertes. 3. Der Gefäßwiderstand betrug am Versuchsende 84% des Anfangswertes, bei einer dazwischen liegenden Abkühlung hatte er auf 220% zugenommen. Peristaltische Spontanmotilität führte zu synchronen Widerstandserhöhungen bis 15%. 4. Die Motilität des isolierten Präparates war durch Innendruckveränderungen stimulierbar. Bei Abkühlung erlosch sie reversibel um 27°C. Der Kontraktionsfrequenz/Temperaturgang ergab gemäß der Arrheniusschen Gleichung eine Kontraktionsfrequenz-Aktivierungsenergie von 15500 cal/mol. Die Kontraktionsfrequenzen wichen nach 3 stündiger Perfusion nicht von den Anfangswerten ab. 5. Die Richtung des H2O-Nettoflusses kehrte sich in Hypothermie um. Dies weist auf unterschiedliche Aktivierungsenergien der beiden unidirektionalen Komponenten hin. Die Aktivierungsenergie derd-Xyloseresorption war 2800 cal/mol. Die Aktivierungsenergie derd-Galaktoseresorption betrug 16 200 cal/mol. In der Literatur erwähnte Aktivierungsenergien des aktiven Hexosetransportes vom nicht hämoperfundierten Präparat sind um 20% kleiner.
    Notes: Summary 1. A method is presented for the hemoperfusion of isolated intestinal segments. Hemodynamics and metabolism of the preparation can be evaluated. The motility is followed by registration of the electromyogram, the intraluminal pressure, and by extraluminal strain gauge transducers. Measurements of intestinal absorption were corrected for water shifts by means of a14C-volume marker. 2. During three hours of perfusion serum values for glucose, lactate, pyruvate, osmolarity, sodium, potassium, and pH stayed in the normal range. Oxygen uptake of the preparation at the end of experiments was 90% of the intial value. 3. Vascular resistance dropped to 84% of the initial value after three hours perfusion. During intermediate cooling a rise to 220% was observed.—Spontaneous peristalsis resulted in synchronous rises and falls of 15% in vascular resistance. 4. The motility of the isolated perfused intestine could be stimulated by changes of the intraluminal pressure. Reversible cessation of peristalsis was found after cooling to 27°C. Contraction frequency responded to temperature according to the Arrhenius equation at an activation energy of 15,500 cal/mol. The contraction frequencies did not differ from initial values after three hours perfusion. 5. The direction of the netto water flux is reversed in hypothermia. From this it is concluded that both unidirectional components have different temperature characteristics. The activation energy ofd-Xylose absorption was 2,800 cal/mol.d-Galactose absorption showed an activation energy of 16,200 cal/mol. Activation energies for active hexose transport obtained in nonhemoperfused preparations and reported in the literature are 20% lower.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 17 (1996), S. 459-461 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Fibroepithelialer Polyp ; Nierenbecken ; Key words Fibroepithelial polyp ; Renal pelvis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Benign fibroepithelial polyps of the renal pelvis are rare. Because of suspected malignancy in imaging procedures an ureteronephrectomy was carried out in the reported case. Histology, however, yielded no evidence of malignancy. The diagnosis of benign fibroepithelial polyp was entertained. It remains an open question whether the pathologic changes represent a hamartoma or a reactive postinflammatory process, revealing primitive myxoid stroma within the polypous portion and increasing fibrosis with diffuse submucosal involvement of the ureteral basis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Benigne fibroepitheliale Polypen des Nierenbeckens sind äußerst selten. Wegen des Malignitätsverdachtes in den bildgebenden Verfahren wurde im vorliegenden Fall eine Ureternephrektomie durchgeführt. Die histologische Untersuchung ergab jedoch keinen Anhalt für Malignität. Bei den hier vorliegenden Befunden eines benignen fibroepithelialen Polypen des Nierenbeckens ergibt sich die Frage, ob eine Hamartie vorliegt oder ein reaktives postentzündliches Geschehen mit primitivem myxoidem Stroma im polypösen Bereich und zunehmender submuköser Fibrose der Polypenbasis im Ureter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Extracorporeal shock waves ; Renal cell carcinoma ; Bladder cancer ; Renal embryogenic cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The in vitro cytotoxic effect of extracorporeal shock waves (ESW) on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells was compared to the effect on normal human embryonic kidney (NHEK) cells. In the in vitro studies cell samples were brought into the second focal point and exposed to different numbers of shock wave impulses. The four parameters of RCC tumor cell injury which were measured, i.e., cell viability, cell growth, cell attachment and electron microscopic evidence of damage, were augmented with increasing SW levels. At 2,000 shock waves (SW) a significant decrease in RCC viability, cell growth and cell attachment was seen compared to the NHEK cells. In the in vivo experiment a FANFT induced bladder tumor was transplanted into the right hind legs of C3H/He mice and the tumors were exposed to 1,400 SW. Preliminary data showed that 1,400 SW at day 12 post transplant significantly inhibited tumor growth. Combining 1,400 SW with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (4 mg/kg) did not enhance the tumor inhibitory effect of each individually. Doxorubicin (5 mg/kg) and 1,400 SW produced a significant synergistic tumor inhibitory effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Urologe 36 (1997), S. 193-193 
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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