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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 23 (1998), S. 515-519 
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: MR—Liver—Hepatolithiasis—Cholangitis—Contrast enhancement—Portal vein obstruction.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Background: To report the dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of hepatolithiasis. Methods: Dynamic MR images (fast spoiled gradient echo sequence with intravenous injection of gadopentate dimeglumine) and computed tomography, cholangiography, or angiography of nine patients with hepatolithiasis are analyzed. Results: All affected hepatic segments showed atrophic changes and contained dilated intrahepatic ducts. These segments showed either iso- or hypointensity on T1-weighted imaging and hyperintensity on T2-weighted imaging. Preferential enhancement was noted throughout all phases of the dynamic study and persisted to delayed T1-weighted imaging in seven patients. In the last two patients, severe atrophic changes made evaluating signal intensity differences and enhancement patterns difficult. Conclusion: In addition to intrahepatic stones and biliary dilatation, segmental atrophy, signal intensity differences, and preferential and persistent enhancement are important MR findings of hepatolithiasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Gallbladder disease—Radiologic diagnosis—Adenomyomatosis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Background: To demonstrate the radiologic–pathologic correlation of adenomyomatosis of gallbladder (GBA) and emphasize the role of high-resolution real-time ultrasound (RTUS) in the diagnosis of GBA. Methods: Ten (four male and six female, mean age = 49 years) patients with proven GBA (three diffuse, three segmental, and four fundal) diagnosed by histopathology or confirmed by oral cholecystography (OCG) were reviewed. Radiologic studies included OCG (n = 8), RTUS (n = 8), and computed tomography (CT; n = 4). Six patients subsequently underwent cholecystectomy. Results: Histopathologic correlation between pathologic specimens and OCG, RTUS, and CT was possible in six patients. The diagnostic criteria with ultrasound included numerous tiny intramural cysts containing echogenic foci with reverberation artifacts and associated segmental or diffuse gallbladder wall thickening. OCG with fatty meal demonstrated intramural diverticula. Localized fundal GBA was better visualized on RTUS and CT scan than on OCG. Conclusion: Accurate diagnosis of GBA may be made by either OCG or high-resolution RTUS preoperatively. CT scan may used as an alternative method to help make the diagnosis in equivocal cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Transcatheter arterial embolization is a major palliative treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, but the survival benefit of transcatheter arterial embolization is controversial.Aim:  To evaluate the role of transcatheter arterial embolization in different stage of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and to select patients who can get the best benefit from the treatment.Methods:  From 1991 to 1995, 476 patients who had unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma from four medical centres in Taiwan were enrolled. Among them, 425 underwent transcatheter arterial embolization, and 51 received supportive treatment alone. The survivals between the two groups were compared.Results:  Among the 476 patients, transcatheter arterial embolization can significantly prolong survival. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates for patients who underwent transcatheter arterial embolization were 60.2%, 39.3%, and 11.5%; and the rates for patients who underwent supportive treatment were 37.3%, 17.6%, and 2%, respectively (P = 0.0002). The survival benefit of transcatheter arterial embolization was observed in patients between Cancer and the Liver Italian Program 0 and Cancer and the Liver Italian Program 4. In multivariate analysis, transcatheter arterial embolization, tumour size 〈5 cm and earlier Cancer and the Liver Italian Program stage were independent factors associated with a better survival.Conclusions:  For patients who fulfilled the criteria of transcatheter arterial embolization, embolization can serve as a primary treatment for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. The survival benefit of transcatheter arterial embolization is regardless of tumour stages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and percutaneous acetic acid injection (PAI) are effective loco-regional therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Aim : To compare the therapeutic efficacy of TACE vs. PAI for unresectable HCC.Methods : A total of 310 patients with unresectable HCCs (size ≤6 cm) undergoing TACE (n = 195) or PAI (n = 115) were studied prospectively. Overall and progression-free survivals were measured endpoints.Results : The overall survival was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.508). Among 129 patients with large (3.1–6 cm) HCCs, the overall survival was significantly better for the TACE group (P = 0.018). Cox multivariate analysis showed that Child-Pugh B [relative risk (RR): 4.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.3–7.7, P 〈 0.001] and PAI therapy (RR: 1.4, 95%: 1.0–1.9, P = 0.057) were poor prognostic predictors; the progression-free survival was also significantly better in the TACE group (P = 0.038). Among 181 patients with small (≤3 cm) HCCs, there was no significant difference of overall survival (P = 0.265) or progression-free survival (P = 0.146) between the two groups; Child-Pugh B was the only prognostic factor predicting a decreased survival (RR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.7–4.8, P 〈 0.001).Conclusions : Patients with large HCC undergoing TACE tend to have a more favourable long-term outcome. For small HCC, either TACE or PAI therapy could be recommended as the primary treatment modality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Transarterial chemoembolization is effective for hepatocellular carcinoma. Acute renal failure may occur after transarterial chemoembolization because of radiocontrast agent, but its clinical aspects are unknown.Aim : To investigate the incidence, risk factors and outcome of acute renal failure, defined as increase of serum creatinine 〉 1.5 mg/dL, after transarterial chemoembolization.Methods : A total of 235 hepatocellular carcinoma patients with 843 transarterial chemoembolization treatment sessions were analysed.Results : Acute renal failure developed in 56 (23.8%) patients and the estimated risk of developing acute renal failure was 6.6% in each treatment session. Comparison between the episodes of transarterial chemoembolization with and without acute renal failure by using the generalized estimating equation disclosed that Child–Pugh class B (odds ratio: 2.6, P = 0.007) and treatment session (odds ratio: 1.3; P 〈 0.0001) were independent risk factors of acute renal failure. Twenty-seven patients had prolonged renal function impairment. Multivariate analysis by generalized estimating equation showed that Child–Pugh class B (odds ratio: 4.3, P = 0.0004) and diabetes mellitus (odds ratio: 5.2, P 〈 0.0001) were linked with prolonged acute renal failure, which independently predicted a decreased survival (relative risk: 2.3, P = 0.002).Conclusions : Acute renal failure after transarterial chemoembolization appears to be dose-related and is associated with the severity of cirrhosis. Patients with diabetes mellitus or Child–Pugh class B more frequently develop prolonged acute renal failure, which in turn is a poor prognostic predictor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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