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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bulbar catecholaminergic neurons projecting to the thoracic spinal cord of the chicken (1983)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 167 (1983), S. 411-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Catecholamine ; Fluorescent labeling ; Spinal projection ; Brain stem ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study was undertaken to map the location of cell groups in the chicken brain stem that project to the thoracic spinal cord by retrogradely transported Evans Blue (EB). The majority of EB-labeled neurons are located in an area between the nucleus vagus motorius (NVMD) and hypoglossus ventralis dorsomedialis, the nucleus raphis, the nucleus vestibularis ventrolateralis, the nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis (NTD) and the reticular formation. However, this procedure demonstrates that no cell bodies within the nucleus tractus solitarii project to the spinal cord, unlike those of mammals. It is possible that this difference may be involved in the existence of the diaphragma. Additionally, catecholamine (CA)-containing cells in the brain stem projecting to the thoracic spinal cord were investigated with the aid of a technique demonstrating both CA and EB fluorescence in the same neuron. The doubly labeled cells are constantly found to be located within such areas as the lateral reticular formation at the level of the NVMD, the ventrolateral reticular formation at the level of the nucleus abducens major, the NTD and the ventrolateral reticular formation at the level of the NTD. The doubly labeled neurons are most numerous in the medial part of the NTD in transverse section, reflecting a similar tendency in the mammalian locus coeruleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315678
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catecholamine-containing neurons in the mesencephalic tegmentum of the chicken (1982)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 164 (1982), S. 303-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Catecholamine ; Histofluorescence ; Ultrastructure ; Brain stem ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis (NTD) which may be homologous with the mammalian locus coeruleus was investigated in the chicken by means of light, fluorescence and electron microscopy. Results are summarized as follows: 1) Numerous neurons emitting green fluorescence by the Falck-Hillarp method were observed in the NTD of the chicken. By consecutive light and fluorescence microscopy of the same section it was established that these catecholamine(CA)-containing neurons clearly coincided with the cell group named nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis by Jungherr (1945). This procedure further showed that there were also non-fluorescent neurons in the NTD. 2) On the basis of electron microscopic observation, two types of neurons were recognized in the NTD: medium-(15–25 μm) and small-sized (10–15 μm) neurons. Medium-sized neurons had a round to oval nucleus with several deep infoldings and abundant organelles. From combined fluorescence and electron microscopic examination, they obviously corresponded with CA-containing neurons demonstrated by the Falck-Hillarp method. Small-sized neurons had a round nucleus surrounded by pale cytoplasm. They corresponded with non-CA-containing neurons. 3) From morphometric analysis, it was clear that CA-containing neurons contained a well-developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and many lysosome-like dense bodies, unlike non-CA-containing neurons. This study was undertaken as the basis of a research program to elucidate the catecholaminergic projections from the NTD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315753
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray microanalysis of monoaminergic terminals in the nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis of the chicken (1984)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 170 (1984), S. 87-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Monoamine ; X-ray microanalysis ; Ultrastructure ; Brain stem ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary X-ray microanalysis after aldehyde-chromatedichromate treatment served to confirm the presence of monoaminergic terminals in the nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis (NTD) of the chicken. The monoaminergic terminals were represented as neuronal elements with electron-dense vesicles (EDVs) of several different shapes as seen in Eponembedded semi-thin sections. Conventional electron microscopic observations of the adjacent ultra-thin sections showed the EDVs to be comprised of spherical medium-sized (about 80 nm in diameter), large dense-cored (about 120 nm) and elongated granular vesicles (100–220 nm) in the same nerve varicosities. It is probable that the NTD, being a center of catecholaminergic efferent projections, may also receive direct monoaminergic inputs from an unknown area of the brain and/or from recurrent collaterals of the same catecholamine-containing neurons in the NTD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319462
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catecholamine-containing pancreatic islet cells of the domestic fowl (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Islet A cell ; Catecholamine ; Combined microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Fowl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to identify pancreatic islet cells emitting formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF), the pancreatic islets of the domestic fowl were studied by combined fluorescence, ultrastructural, silver-impregnation and immunohistochemical methods in the same section or in consecutive semi-thin and ultra-thin sections. The results indicate that islet cells emitting intense FIF exhibit a strongly argyrophil reaction with the Grimelius' silver method and also immunohistochemical reaction with anti-glucagon serum, but not with anti-5-HT serum. Therefore, the fowl islet A cell, a peptide hormone-producing cell, stores simultaneously catecholamine as biogenic amine. The islet B and D cells did not display any FIF, any argyrophil reaction with the Grimelius' silver method, or any immunoreactivity with anti-glucagon or anti-5-HT sera. The fluorescent but non-argyrophil cells dispersed in the exocrine acinus may well be PP cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217141
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonin-storing cells of the chicken duodenum: light, fluorescence and electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enterochromaffin cells ; Silver impregnation ; Combined microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to identify duodenal endocrine cells emitting formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF), chicken duodena were studied by combined fluorescence, ultrastructural, silver impregnation and immunohistochemical methods in the same or consecutive sections. Our results show that: (1) Almost all the cells emitting yellow fluorescence by both the Falck-Hillarp and the Furness methods exhibit an immunohistochemical reaction with serotonin (5-HT) antiserum. (2) Almost all cells radiating yellow fluorescence by the Furness method stain with toluidine blue in Epon-embedded sections but, by high-voltage electron microscopy, can be subdivided into two types of cell containing either small round or polymorphous types of granules. (3) In the sections from which resin had been removed, all the cells emitting yellow FIF show argentaffinity by the Singh method, but not all cells display argyrophilia with the Grimelius method. (4) Cells exhibiting both argyrophil and argentaffin reactions in deresined serial sections are also separated into two types of cell, containing either small spherical or polymorphous types of granules by conventional electron microscopy in thin sections. Therefore, chicken enterochromaffin cells emit yellow FIF, store 5-HT, show both argentaffinity and argyrophilia, but are ultrastructurally classified into two types of granule-containing cells which may be related to polypeptides coexisting with 5-HT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216543
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