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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bulbar catecholaminergic neurons projecting to the thoracic spinal cord of the chicken (1983)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 167 (1983), S. 411-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Catecholamine ; Fluorescent labeling ; Spinal projection ; Brain stem ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study was undertaken to map the location of cell groups in the chicken brain stem that project to the thoracic spinal cord by retrogradely transported Evans Blue (EB). The majority of EB-labeled neurons are located in an area between the nucleus vagus motorius (NVMD) and hypoglossus ventralis dorsomedialis, the nucleus raphis, the nucleus vestibularis ventrolateralis, the nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis (NTD) and the reticular formation. However, this procedure demonstrates that no cell bodies within the nucleus tractus solitarii project to the spinal cord, unlike those of mammals. It is possible that this difference may be involved in the existence of the diaphragma. Additionally, catecholamine (CA)-containing cells in the brain stem projecting to the thoracic spinal cord were investigated with the aid of a technique demonstrating both CA and EB fluorescence in the same neuron. The doubly labeled cells are constantly found to be located within such areas as the lateral reticular formation at the level of the NVMD, the ventrolateral reticular formation at the level of the nucleus abducens major, the NTD and the ventrolateral reticular formation at the level of the NTD. The doubly labeled neurons are most numerous in the medial part of the NTD in transverse section, reflecting a similar tendency in the mammalian locus coeruleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315678
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catecholamine-containing neurons in the mesencephalic tegmentum of the chicken (1982)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 164 (1982), S. 303-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Catecholamine ; Histofluorescence ; Ultrastructure ; Brain stem ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis (NTD) which may be homologous with the mammalian locus coeruleus was investigated in the chicken by means of light, fluorescence and electron microscopy. Results are summarized as follows: 1) Numerous neurons emitting green fluorescence by the Falck-Hillarp method were observed in the NTD of the chicken. By consecutive light and fluorescence microscopy of the same section it was established that these catecholamine(CA)-containing neurons clearly coincided with the cell group named nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis by Jungherr (1945). This procedure further showed that there were also non-fluorescent neurons in the NTD. 2) On the basis of electron microscopic observation, two types of neurons were recognized in the NTD: medium-(15–25 μm) and small-sized (10–15 μm) neurons. Medium-sized neurons had a round to oval nucleus with several deep infoldings and abundant organelles. From combined fluorescence and electron microscopic examination, they obviously corresponded with CA-containing neurons demonstrated by the Falck-Hillarp method. Small-sized neurons had a round nucleus surrounded by pale cytoplasm. They corresponded with non-CA-containing neurons. 3) From morphometric analysis, it was clear that CA-containing neurons contained a well-developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and many lysosome-like dense bodies, unlike non-CA-containing neurons. This study was undertaken as the basis of a research program to elucidate the catecholaminergic projections from the NTD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315753
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray microanalysis of monoaminergic terminals in the nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis of the chicken (1984)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 170 (1984), S. 87-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Monoamine ; X-ray microanalysis ; Ultrastructure ; Brain stem ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary X-ray microanalysis after aldehyde-chromatedichromate treatment served to confirm the presence of monoaminergic terminals in the nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis (NTD) of the chicken. The monoaminergic terminals were represented as neuronal elements with electron-dense vesicles (EDVs) of several different shapes as seen in Eponembedded semi-thin sections. Conventional electron microscopic observations of the adjacent ultra-thin sections showed the EDVs to be comprised of spherical medium-sized (about 80 nm in diameter), large dense-cored (about 120 nm) and elongated granular vesicles (100–220 nm) in the same nerve varicosities. It is probable that the NTD, being a center of catecholaminergic efferent projections, may also receive direct monoaminergic inputs from an unknown area of the brain and/or from recurrent collaterals of the same catecholamine-containing neurons in the NTD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319462
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of the Motoneurons Innervating the Hindlimb Muscles in the Spinal Cord of the Domestic Fowl (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 13 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The origins of the motor nerve fibers supplying the individual hindlimb muscles were elucidated in the fowl by the retrograde degeneration method. Chromatolytic cells were seen in the ipsilateral lamina 9 of the lumbosacral enlargement. Motoneurons innervating the individual hindlimb muscles were localized in the characteristic position of lamina 9. Both hip and thigh muscles are supplied by motoneurons of almost all the columns in lumbar segments and by those of dorsolateral columns in sacral segments, while the shank and foot muscles are supplied by motoneurons of ventromedial columns in sacral segments. The origins of the dorsal cord of the lumbosacral plexus are situated laterally in the lamina 9 and those of the ventral cord are located medially in it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.1984.tb00706.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of the Motoneurons Innervating the Forlimb Muscles in the Spinal Cord of the Domestic Fowl (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 11 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The origins of the motor nerve fibers supplying the individual forelimb muscles were elucidated in the fowl by the retrograde degeneration method. Chromatolytic cells were seen in the ipsilateral lamina 9 of the cervical enlargement. Motoneurons innervating the individual forelimb muscles occupy the restricted area in the lamina 9. The muscles acting on the shoulder joint are supplied by motoneurons of the more cranial segments and the others acting on the elbow and the more distal joints by those of the more caudal ones. The origin of the dorsal cord is situated laterally in the lamina 9 and that of the ventral cord is located medially in it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.1982.tb00928.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unusual mitochondrial ultrastructure in the pig adrenal cortex (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 187 (1978), S. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex (Pig) ; Mitochondria ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Unusually large mitochondria with few cristae were observed in the cells of the boundary layer between the zonae fasciculata and reticularis of the pig adrenal. These mitochondria occasionally contained parallel arrays of beaded filaments which appeared to be composed of repetitive electron opaque particles, measuring 10 to 11 nm in diameter. The possibility that these filaments are arranged in closely packed arrays of tubular structures with a central filament is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220624
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlative light-, fluorescence- and electron-microscopic studies of catecholamine-storing cells in the adrenal medulla of the domestic fowl (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 471-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenomedullary cells ; Light-, fluorescence- and electronmicroscopy ; Domestic fowl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Correlative light-, fluorescence- and electron-microscopic examinations of catecholamine-storing cells in the adrenal medulla of the domestic fowl present unequivocal criteria to identify two types of avian adrenomedullary cells. A modified Karnovsky's fixative containing s-collidine was found to be a reliable prefixative to obtain a characteristic feature of the secretory granules in adrenaline- and noradrenaline-storing cells consistently.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219358
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intramitochondrial bodies in bovine adrenocortical cells (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 185 (1977), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex, bovine ; Intramitochondrial bodies ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron dense, homogeneous, mostly round intramitochondrial bodies were found in bovine adrenal glands, predominantly in the zona glomerulosa. The histochemical results obtained suggest that these bodies might contain a considerable amount of protein, although the possibility that substances other than proteins are contained in these bodies cannot be completely ruled out. The physiological significance of the intramitochondrial bodies remains unclear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226669
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonin-storing cells of the chicken duodenum: light, fluorescence and electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enterochromaffin cells ; Silver impregnation ; Combined microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to identify duodenal endocrine cells emitting formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF), chicken duodena were studied by combined fluorescence, ultrastructural, silver impregnation and immunohistochemical methods in the same or consecutive sections. Our results show that: (1) Almost all the cells emitting yellow fluorescence by both the Falck-Hillarp and the Furness methods exhibit an immunohistochemical reaction with serotonin (5-HT) antiserum. (2) Almost all cells radiating yellow fluorescence by the Furness method stain with toluidine blue in Epon-embedded sections but, by high-voltage electron microscopy, can be subdivided into two types of cell containing either small round or polymorphous types of granules. (3) In the sections from which resin had been removed, all the cells emitting yellow FIF show argentaffinity by the Singh method, but not all cells display argyrophilia with the Grimelius method. (4) Cells exhibiting both argyrophil and argentaffin reactions in deresined serial sections are also separated into two types of cell, containing either small spherical or polymorphous types of granules by conventional electron microscopy in thin sections. Therefore, chicken enterochromaffin cells emit yellow FIF, store 5-HT, show both argentaffinity and argyrophilia, but are ultrastructurally classified into two types of granule-containing cells which may be related to polypeptides coexisting with 5-HT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216543
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specialized ependyma in the posterior mesencephalon of the chicken: The fine structure of the subtrochlear organ (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 531-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Specialized ependyma ; Subtrochlear organ ; Circumventricular organs ; Domestic fowl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A formation of specialized ependymal cells in the posterior mesencephalon of the domestic fowl, designated as the subtrochlear organ, was examined with light-,scanning-and transmission electron microscopy. This organ possessing the form of the letter “V” is located in the ventricular wall of the posterior mesencephalon. Its apex marks the median sulcus, while the arms of the V are directed rostrolaterally. Ependymal cells lining the subtrochlear organ usually project an extremely elongated process into the subependymal region and are classified into three types according to their surface features: (1) cells with a bulbshaped protrusion that projects into the ventricle, (2) single cilium-bearing cells, and (3) cells with a tuft of cilia. The first type of cell is restricted to the median portion of the subtrochlear organ; its bulb-shaped protrusion contains numerous ribosomes. The second type of cell predominates in the arm (rostrolateral) area; in its apical cytoplasm such ciliary structures as basal body are rarely seen. The third type of cell is usually assembled into several small islands on the arm area; it has many basal bodies and other ciliary structures in the apical cytoplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226502
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