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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties and microstructure of magnesium-doped Nd-Fe-B magnets (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 5513-5515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A number of Nd15 Fe79−x Mgx B6 magnets with x up to 0.41 and pseudoternary Nd2(Fe1−yMgy)14B compounds with y up to 0.081 have been prepared by conventional powder metallurgy processes. Magnetic measurements indicate that for the magnet alloys i Hc increases as x increases up to 0.25 without a loss in Br, hence the (BH)max values are slightly enhanced. The maximum increase in i Hc is about 15% for x=0.25. Extensive Mg-rich precipitates inside the Nd-rich phase have been observed by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Higher Mg intensity at grain boundaries is also detected by EPMA. The reasons for the i Hc increase might be the grain boundary cleaning ability of Mg dopant. For the pseudoternary compounds, the anisotropy field HA is found to increase only slightly due to Mg doping while TC remains practically unchanged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342320
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalous perpendicular magnetoanisotropy in Mn4N films on Si(100) : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)-intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 6582-6584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ferrimagnetic Mn4N films were deposited on Si (100) substrate by dc reactive magnetron sputtering from sintered Mn target. Highly (002) textured Mn4N ordered phase is formed in situ at studied substrate temperatures of 150–250 °C without further annealing. Anomalous perpendicular magnetoanisotropy exists in these face-centered cubic films with larger coercivity measured perpendicular to the film (2000–3000 Oe) than that parallel (1100–1300 Oe), as is the remanence. Coercivity in either direction decreases, while the saturation flux density (from 240 to 610 G) increases with increasing substrate temperature. The anomalous perpendicular magnetoanisotropy is attributed to (1) the stress-induced anisotropy due to in-plane tensile stress coupled with a reverse magnetostriction, and (2) the shape anisotropy due to columnar grain structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358200
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternating current susceptibility study of a two-phase nanocomposite Fe88Nd6B6 alloy in the temperature range 77–990 K (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 3731-3737 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Alternating current-initial susceptibility (χac) studies on as-spun amorphous and rapid-thermal-annealed two-phase nanocomposite Fe88Nd6B6 alloy ribbons are performed at 77–990 K. A novel means of quantitatively estimating the amount of the residual amorphous phase in heated ribbons is also derived from the χac measurement. Experimental results indicate that the amount of the residual amorphous phase decreases with an increasing heating temperature. The residual amount is 28.87 vol % after the amorphous ribbons are heated to 773 K, and then becomes undetectable when the temperature reaches heating to 923 K. The amount of the residual amorphous phase can be described as follows: R (in vol %)=0.857T/(T–753)–4.392, where T denotes the heating temperature above 753 K. In addition, the full width at half-maximum of the χac peak corresponding to the Curie temperature of the Nd2Fe14B phase correlates well with the extent of exchange coupling interaction between the hard and soft nanophases. Furthermore, the spin reorientation transition temperature of the Nd2Fe14B nanophase in the two-phase nanocomposite Fe88Nd6B6 alloy shifts to 110 K, i.e., significantly lower than 135 K for the Nd2Fe14B single crystal. This shift is attributed to the exchange coupling effect between the nanophases. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366599
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetization reversal of Nd(Dy)–Fe–B thin films on Si(111) or Ta/Si(111) : The 7th joint MMM-intermag conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 6241-6243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nd(Dy)–Fe–B films were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering on a Si(111) wafer with or without a Ta underlayer. The reversal magnetization process of Nd–Fe–B/Ta bilayer was found to be dominated by nucleation control model with the magnetic inhomogeneity coefficient αk=0.32 defined by Kronmuller's formulation of micromagnetic theory. But the coercivity mechanism of Nd(Dy)–Fe–B single layer was fitted well to domain wall pinning behavior. The range factor (half width between pinning sites) r0 is equal to 6.9 nm as r0〉δB, the width of the domain wall. The magnetization phenomena of the two films are also manifest from initial magnetization curves. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367770
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanocomposite Sm2Co17/Co permanent magnets by mechanical alloying : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5964-5966 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Mechanically alloyed magnets SmCox (x=6.0–11.0) have been prepared using starting materials of commercial SmCo5 and Co powders. X-ray diffraction data indicate that the equilibrium Sm2Co17 phase can be achieved in a nanocomposite Sm2Co17/Co system at x=8.5–11.0, while a Sm2Co17/SmCo5 structure occurs at x=6.0–8.0. The best magnetic properties obtained at x=10.0 are as follows: (BH)max=10.2 MGOe, Br=9.4 kG, Hc=4.0 kOe, and S=0.82. Wohlfarth's remanence analysis indicates that the high remanence can be attributed to the intergranular interaction between neighboring cobalt and Sm2Co17 grains. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362121
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress effect on coercivity of γ-Fe2O3 thin films (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 1184-1188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin Fe3O4 films were deposited in situ on Si(100) substrates by dc-reactive magnetron sputtering method, and then γ-Fe2O3 thin films were obtained by post-oxidation treatment. The effect of residual stress on coercivity of these films was studied by a bending-beam method. In situ stress-temperature curves of the films taken during the whole heat treatment processes revealed the magnitude and state of film stresses. The measured coercivity increments (470 Oe) are very close to the value (460 Oe) calculated based on stress-induced anisotropy for films with pure γ-Fe2O3 phase. For a film with mixed Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3 mixed phase, the magnetostriction is calculated to be 17×10−6. In situ stress-temperature data are provided to depict phase transformations and stress effects on the coercivity of such films. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358983
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of domain-wall pinning in W-doped (NdDy)(FeCo)B sintered magnets : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)−intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 6834-6836 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Addition of tungsten (1–2 at. %) is very effective in improving coercivity of (Nd,Dy)-(Fe,Co)-B sintered magnets both at room temperature and elevated temperatures in addition to improving thermal stability. Transmission electron microscopy shows that there exists a WFeB precipitate phase inside the Nd2Fe14B (2-14-1) matrix grain. The WFeB phase is plateletlike, and occasionally appears to have its largest dimension running parallel to the c axis of the 2-14-1 matrix phase. The orientation relationship between the WFeB precipitate and the matrix is found to be (102)WFeB(parallel)(220)2-14-1, and [010]WFeB(parallel)[002]2-14-1. Domain walls jump from a position alongside the WFeB particles to a new position alongside others upon turning on magnetic field of the objective lens, as evidenced by Lorentz microscopy, denoting the ability of domain-wall pinning by the strain field around the WFeB precipitate. As a result, this provides extra hindrance to domain-wall motion and leads to enhanced coercivity and thermal stability, particularly at elevated temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358146
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coercivity of Ti-modified (α-Fe)-Nd2Fe14B nanocrystalline alloys : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)−intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 7071-7073 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Coercivity of Ti-modified nanocrystalline (α-Fe)-Nd2Fe14B alloys with soft iron particles embedded in hard Nd2Fe14B matrix was studied. The alloys were prepared by melt spinning and annealing. The grain size of Nd2Fe14B is from 20 to 60 nm, while that of the soft iron particles is 11 to 30 nm. The coercivity of the annealed flakes decreased dramatically with increasing particle size of free iron, following the same tendency of a theoretical calculation by Schrefl et al. For the Ti-alloyed flakes, the 1 at. % Ti-containing ones show the highest coercivity of 11.1 kOe. Its (BH)m value is about 16 MGOe despite lower Nd and B contents than stoichiometric Nd2Fe14B. More Ti addition would deteriorate the coercivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358030
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-performance sintered R2Fe14BNx (R=Nd/Pr/Dy) magnets : The 5th Joint MMM−Intermag Conference (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6600-6602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High-performance R2Fe14BNx-type magnets (R=Nd and/or Pr/Dy) were successfully prepared by sintering. The optimum magnetic properties are coercivity iHc: 680–1440 kA/m; Hc: 500–1000 kA/m; Br: 1.0–1.3 T; and (BH)m: 180–250 kJ/m3 depending on the composition and processing parameters, especially the proper sintering conditions, including nitrogen intake at 1040 to 1050 °C. The magnets thus obtained have Tc values of 335 to 370 °C depending on the nitrogen content, which should be 〈6 at. % for thermal stability. The anisotropy field increases from 6.2 to 8 T with addition of nitrogen, and magnetization measured at 2 T increases by 18%. The weight loss after immersion in a 5% HCl solution for 30 min is 25% less for nitrogenated magnets than for those without nitrogen, due to the replacement of the Nd-rich phase at grain boundaries by more corrosion- resistant nitrides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349870
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of refractory additives on coercivity of sintered (Nd, Dy)(Fe, Co) BM magnets (M=Cr/W/Zr/Nb/Ta) (abstract) : The 5th Joint MMM−Intermag Conference (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6375-6375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In a trial to develop heat-resistant sintered Nd2Fe14B magnets, a refractory element (Cr/W/Zr/Nb/Ta) was selected as an additive incorporating Dy and Co in the Nd-Fe-B composition. Nd13Dy1.5Fe72−xCo6B7.5Mx alloys (M=Cr/W/Nb/Ta, x=0, or 3.5) were arc-melted, pulverized, compacted, and sintered by the conventional powder metallurgy method. It was found that W/Cr greatly enhances the as-sintered intrinsic coercivity (iHc, in kA/m), e.g., from 510 (x=0) to 810 (W, x=3.5) or 740 (Cr, x=3.5). An additional two-stage annealing at 900 and 600 °C for 1 h each led to an even higher iHc of 1000 (W, x=3.5). While Nb/Ta moderately enhanced as-sintered iHc, and responded less to additional annealing. Temperature coefficients of remanence was found to be greatly improved by the W or Cr addition, e.g., 0.43%/°C for x=0 and 0.06%/°C for M=W, x=3.5 (p=1, 20–150 °C). They are thus very suitable for applications at temperatures up to 150 °C. EPMA analyses showed the possible existence of a M2FeB2 (M=W/Nb/Ta) phase at grain boundaries. Thermomagnetic analyses and detailed microstructure of the sintered and/or annealed magnets are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349947
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