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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Fatigue ; Magnetic resonance ; imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fatigue is a frequent and often severe symptom in multiple sclerosis. Pathogenic mechanisms proposed for fatigue include the release of proinflammatory cytokines, which is thought to have an important effect on changes in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To investigate whether fatigue is related to BBB disruption we studied 11 relapsing-remitting MS patients participating in a multicenter longitudinal study comparing the sensitivity of monthly enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after standard-dose and triple-dose injection of gadolinium-diethylene triaminopentoacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). Serial Gd-enhanced MRI studies were performed in two separate sessions every 4 weeks for 3 months. An expanded version of the Fatigue Severity Scale, including 29 items, was administered 24 h before each MRI examination. No relationship was found between the number and volume of Gd-enhancing lesions and fatigue scores at any monthly examination over the study period. Furthermore changes in MRI activity were not significantly related to changes in fatigue scores. These results were obtained on triple-dose delayed scanning, which is more sensitive than standard-dose scanning in detecting areas of BBB disruption. Our preliminary results thus do not support the hypothesis of a relationship between BBB alterations and fatigue severity in multiple sclerosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Memory ; Executive functions ; PET ; SPECT Multiple sclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Nonostante le molteplici ricerche, non è ancora ben chiaro il ruolo preciso delle differenti aree cerebrali nei processi mnesici ed attenzionali. L'uso di tecniche funzionali come la tomografia ad emissione di positroni (PET) e la tomografia ad emissione di singoli fotoni (SPECT) ha reso possibile valutare le singole diverse strutture the sono coinvolte in tali processi. In questo lavoro, abbiamo preso in considerazione gli study effettuati mediante PET e SPECT mirati ad approfondire il substrato neuroftsiologico alla base dei processi attenzionali. Per quanto riguarda la memoria, è stato esaminato il ruolo delle diverse aree corticali, con particolare riguardo alla corteccia frontale e temporale. Nell'umbito della sclerosi multipla, gli study funzionali hanno messo in luce l'importanza delle strutture sottocorticali per le funzioni mnesiche ed esecutive, contribuendo a chiarire il ruolo della disconnessione tra strutture corticali e sottocorticali.
    Notes: Abstract Despite extensive research, the precise role of different brain areas in modulating attentional and mnemonic processes is still controversial. Using positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), we can measure changes which are associated with the level of neuronal activity in normal subjects and in patients. We describe the pattern of activation in attentional processes, with respect to three basic components: vigilance, selective attention and attentional processing capacity. Furthermore, we underline the predominant role of frontal and temporal cortices that mediate different activities associated with memory function. Functional techniques have substantially contributed to a better understanding of the cognitive deficits associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting that cortical- subcortical disconnection is the most likely cause of the neuropsychological deficits. The difficulties in attempting to attribute specific cognitive abnormalities to focal brain pathology in presence of widespread disease such as MS will probably be attenuated by functional neuroimaging studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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