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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Respiratory cryptosporidiosis: Case series and review of the literature (1996)
    Springer
    Infection 24 (1996), S. 341-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über fünf Fälle von intestinaler Kryptosporidiose mit pulmonaler Beteiligung bei AIDS Patienten. Die Diagnose wurde durch den Nachweis von säurefesten Oozysten im Sputum oder aspiriertem Bronchialsekret und im Stuhl gestellt. Bei allen Patienten bestand Husten und Auswurf. Bei vier Patienten fand sich gleichzeitig eine Assoziation mit anderen Infektionen, in zwei Fällen durchMycobacterium tuberculosis, in einem Fall durchMycobacterium fortuitum und in einem Fall durch Cytomegalovirus plusPneumocystis carinii. Bei allen Patienten war eine vorbestehende (drei Fälle) oder gleichzeitige intestinale Kryptosporidiose vorhanden, die mit Durchfall und Erbrechen einherging. Bei dem fünften Patienten war im Bronchialsekret ausschließlichCryptosporidium nachzuweisen, die Diarrhoe setzte erst einen Monat nach Entdeckung des Erregers im Respirationstrakt ein. Seit 1980 wurden 57 Fälle von respiratorischer Kryptosporidiose publiziert. In 17 Fällen fand sich kein anderer Erreger. In je 77% der Fälle waren Diarrhoe und Husten, in 58% Atemnot, in 54% Auswurf, 45% Fieber und in 33% Schmerzen aufgetreten.
    Notes: Summary Five case of intestinal cryptosporidiosis with pulmonary involvement in patients with AIDS are reported. The diagnosis was based on the recognition of acid-fast oocysts in sputum or aspirated bronchial material and stool specimens. Coughing and excess secretions were present in all cases. Four patients had other associated pulmonary pathogens: twoMycobacterium tuberculosis, oneMycobacterium fortuitum and one Cytomegalovirus +Pneumocystis carinii; all of them had a previous (three cases) or simultaneous (one case) diagnosis of intestinal cryptosporidiosis, presenting with diarrhoea and vomiting. In the fifth patientCryptosporidium was the only pulmonary pathogen found in a bronchial aspirate, and the onset of diarrhoea was 1 month after respiratory detection. Fifty-seven cases of respiratory cryptosporidiosis have been reported since 1980. In 17 of them, no other pathogen was found. Diarrhoea was present in 77% of the patients, cough in 77%, dyspnea in 58%, expectoration in 54%, fever in 45%, thoracic pain in 33%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716076
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonally of cryptosporidiosis in children (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 15 (1996), S. 77-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The seasonal distribution of cryptosporidiosis in children in Aragón, a region in northeastern Spain, was determined. Over a period of six years (October 1988 to September 1994), 10,034 stool samples from 4,508 children with gastrointestinal symptoms were analyzed for this purpose. The age of the patients ranged from 1 month to 14 years.Cryptosporidium oocysts were identified in 87 (1.93%) patients. Prevalence was highest (6.20%) in children aged 1 to 3 years old. The prevalence was significantly higher in the autumn-winter period (October to March) than in the spring-summer period (April to September) in the whole population (2.41% vs. 1.35%, p=0.010) and in the 1- to 3-year-old age group (8.44% vs. 3.20%, p=0.002), but not in the other age groups. A possible relationship of this pattern to attendance at child care centres is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01586190
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Astrovirus Infection Among Children with Gastroenteritis in the City of Zaragoza, Spain (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 19 (2000), S. 545-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The incidence of astrovirus infection in children less than 10 years of age with gastroenteritis in the city of Zaragoza, Spain, was analysed during a 12-month period. A total of 718 stool samples obtained from 534 children were examined. In 401 samples no routinely searched for pathogenic organism was detected; these specimens were then tested for the presence of astrovirus antigens. Astrovirus was detected in the samples of 15 (5.5%) patients, a detection rate similar to that recognised for Yersinia enterocolitica and Cryptosporidium spp. All children with confirmed astrovirus infection had diarrhoea (median duration, 9 days), 11 experienced loss of appetite, 5 vomiting, and 4 fever. The incidence of astrovirus infection reported here indicates that Spanish children suffering from gastroenteritis should be routinely screened for the presence of astrovirus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100960000319
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the optimal number of faecal specimens in the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in AIDS and immunocompetent patients (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 14 (1995), S. 46-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study determines the optimal number of faecal samples that should be examined in order to minimize the occurrence of false-negative results in the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis using routine techniques. A total of 23,023 faecal samples from 10,870 patients submitted for parasitological examination were processed by the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique and stained using a modified Ziehl-Neelsen method. Cryptosporidiosis was diagnosed in 232 patients (2.13 %), 44 of whom were infected by HIV, the prevalence rate in this population group being 15.54 %. The increase in the number of diagnoses obtained by the examination of n and (n-1) specimens was evaluated statistically. This study found that three is the optimal number of faecal samples that should be examined when cryptosporidiosis is suspected in immunocompetent patients; whereas, only two samples are required for diagnosing this protozoosis in AIDS patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02112618
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of a selective medium and a membrane filter method for isolation ofCampylobacter species from Spanish paediatric patients (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 17 (1998), S. 489-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A study was conducted to assess the value of a combination of two culture methods for isolation ofCampylobacter spp. from Spanish children. Seven hundred twenty-nine diarrhoea] stool specimens from 599 patients were examined forCampylobacter spp. by culturing them on charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar and on blood agar with a membrane filter. One hundred sixteenCampylobacter strains were isolated from a total of 108 specimens; 75 (64.6%) wereCampylobacter jejuni, 32 (27.5%) wereCampylobacter coli, 8 (6.8%) were non-typeable, and one (0.9%) wasCampylobacter upsaliensis. Campylobacters were isolated from 99 positive samples using charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar alone. The filtration technique alone yielded only 86 positive samples. Seven specimens yielded differentCampylobacter spp. with different media. The only catalase-negative strain was recovered using the filter method. The combination of the selective medium with the filter method increased the isolation rate ofCampylobacter strains by 14.1%. Isolation rates of campylobacters using the filter method were similar to those reported in European studies, in which a similar frequency ofCampylobacter upsaliensis was observed. The addition of a filter method for routine laboratory isolation of campylobacters should be considered in selected age groups (in children 〈10 years of age) or in areas where catalase-negative or weakly-positiveCampylobacter strains may be of epidemiological significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01691131
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of a Selective Medium and a Membrane Filter Method for Isolation of Campylobacter Species from Spanish Paediatric Patients (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 17 (1998), S. 489-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A study was conducted to assess the value of a combination of two culture methods for isolation of Campylobacter spp. from Spanish children. Seven hundred twenty-nine diarrhoeal stool specimens from 599 patients were examined for Campylobacter spp. by culturing them on charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar and on blood agar with a membrane filter. One hundred sixteen Campylobacter strains were isolated from a total of 108 specimens; 75 (64.6%) were Campylobacter jejuni, 32 (27.5%) were Campylobacter coli, 8 (6.8%) were non-typeable, and one (0.9%) was Campylobacter upsaliensis. Campylobacters were isolated from 99 positive samples using charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar alone. The filtration technique alone yielded only 86 positive samples. Seven specimens yielded different Campylobacter spp. with different media. The only catalase-negative strain was recovered using the filter method. The combination of the selective medium with the filter method increased the isolation rate of Campylobacter strains by 14.1%. Isolation rates of campylobacters using the filter method were similar to those reported in European studies, in which a similar frequency of Campylobacter upsaliensis was observed. The addition of a filter method for routine laboratory isolation of campylobacters should be considered in selected age groups (in children 〈10 years of age) or in areas where catalase-negative or weakly-positive Campylobacter strains may be of epidemiological significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01691131
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence ofBlastocystis sp. in cattle in Aragón, northeastern Spain (1995)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 81 (1995), S. 703-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The occurrence ofBlastocystis sp. in cattle is reported herein for the first time in Spain. Stool samples from 554 bovines ranging from 3 days old to adults collected from 30 cattle farms in Aragón (northeastern Spain) were concentrated by the formalin-ethyl acetate method and examined light microscopically for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites. Vacuolated cells ofBlastocystis sp. were detected in fecal specimens from 10 calves (1.8%) aged from 7 weeks to 6 months. Infected calves were detected at 3 of the 30 farms surveyed (10%).Blastocystis sp. cells were rounded or oval, with a diameter ranging from 6.25 to 15 μm.Blastocystis infection in cattle was never correlated with diarrhea, although infection intensities were generally low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00931851
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of oocyst shedding and the serum immune response to Cryptosporidium parvum in cattle and pigs (1996)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 82 (1996), S. 529-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A comparison was made between oocyst shedding and the presence of specific serum IgG antibodies to Cryptosporidium parvum in 108 bovines and 90 pigs. Oocysts were detected by a commercial immunofluorescence assay in feces from 26.8% of bovines and 34.4% of pigs, whereas positive titers as determined by an indirect fluorescent antibody method were found in sera from 12.9% and 48.9% of the respective animals. Infection was significantly most frequent in suckling calves (82.7%) and weaned piglets (87.5%). By contrast, the numbers of seropositives were highest in weaned calves (17.1%) and fattening pigs (76.6%). The results of coprological and serological analysis corresponded in 65.7% of bovines and 56.7% of pigs. When used to diagnose the shedding of cryptosporidial oocysts, the detection of specific IgG antibodies had a sensitivity ranging from 10.3% (cattle) to 58.1% (pigs) and a specificity of 86.1% (cattle) and 55.9% (pigs).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050157
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